Historians however divide this period into the Ante-Nicene Period and First seven Ecumenical Councils ).

After about the year 200, Christian art is divided into two periods by scholars: before and after the First Council of Nicea in 325, before being the Ante-Nicene Period and after being the period of the First seven Ecumenical Councils.

Since it is believed that John lived so long and was the last of the twelve to die, there is some overlap between the " Apostolic Age " and the first Apostolic Fathers, whose writings are used to mark the beginning of the Ante-Nicene Period.

Texts from patristic authors before 325 AD are collected in the Ante-Nicene Fathers.

The church fathers are generally divided into the Ante-Nicene Fathers, those who lived and wrote before the Council of Nicaea ( 325 ) and the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, those who lived and wrote after 325.

The Ante-Nicene Fathers in the early church rejected these views and spent considerable time rebutting them.

Other publications are: Judaistic Christianity ( 1894 ); Village Sermons ( two series ); Cambridge and other Sermons ; Prolegomena to ... Romans and Ephesians ( 1895 ); The Ante-Nicene Fathers ( 1895 ); and two Dissertations, on the reading of a Greek word in John i. 18, and on The Constantinopolitan and other Eastern Creeds in the Fourth Century.

Elements of the primitive Christianity movement reject the patristic tradition of the prolific extrabiblical 2nd-and 3rd-century redaction of this knowledge ( the Ante-Nicene Fathers ), and instead attempt to reconstruct primitive church practices as they might have existed in the Apostolic Age.

II " Ante-Nicene Christianity AD 100-325 " Section 55.

* Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian Church, Volume II: " Ante-Nicene Christianity.

** The Ante-Nicene Fathers ( 1st to 3rd centuries )

The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees ( eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church ) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers

The gnostics ( as one sectarian group ) held views which were incompatible with the emerging Ante-Nicene community.

The Canons of the Apostles or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees ( eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church ) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the Ante-Nicene Fathers

During the Ante-Nicene period following the Apostolic Age, a great diversity of views emerged simultaneously with strong unifying characteristics lacking in the apostolic period.

* The Ante-Nicene Christian Library, in collaboration with Alexander Roberts ( 24 vols., 1867-72 )

English translations by Sidney Thelwall and Philip Holmes can be found in volumes III and IV of the Ante-Nicene Fathers which are freely available online ; more modern translations of some of the works have been made.

The series was originally published between 1867 and 1873 by the Presbyterian publishing house T. & T. Clark in Edinburgh under the title Ante-Nicene Christian Library, as a response to the Oxford movement's Library of the Fathers which was perceived as too Roman Catholic.

Unlike the Ante-Nicene Fathers which was produced by using earlier translations of the Ante-Nicene Christian Library ( ANCL ), the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers was printed simultaneously in Europe and in America, by T. & T. Clark, by Christian Literature Company and other American editors.

Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, editors, 1867 – 1872, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translation of the writings of the fathers, down to AD 325, Edinburgh: T & T Clark: Vol.

The Ante-Nicene Fathers, subtitled " The Writings of the Fathers Down to A. D. 325 ", is a collection of books in 10 volumes ( one volume is indexes ) containing English translations of the majority of Early Christian writings.

* Kannengiesser, Charles, “ Alexander and Arius of Alexandria: The last Ante-Nicene theologians ”, Miscelanea En Homenaje Al P. Antonio Orbe Compostellanum Vol.

* Ante-Nicene Fathers vol.

From Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol.

** Translations of some of Origen's writings can be found in Ante-Nicene Fathers or in The Fathers of the Church.

Coxe gave his " new " series the title: The Ante-Nicene Fathers.

See also the Ante-Nicene Fathers.

Many elements of modern orthodox teachings are traced back to the writings of those known as the Ante-Nicene Fathers.

* Ante-Nicene Fathers and two series of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers in 38 volumes total.

The time of the ravages is called the Wu Hu Period ( 五胡時代 ) or Wu Hu Chaos ( 五胡亂華, literally " Five Hu Wreak-havoc-on China ").

During the Second Intermediate Period, a group of Asiatic foreign chiefs known as the Hyksos ( literally, " rulers of foreign lands ") gained the rulership of Egypt, and ruled the Nile Delta, from Avaris.

The origin of bento can be traced back to the late Kamakura Period ( 1185 to 1333 ), when cooked and dried rice called hoshi-ii ( or, literally " dried meal ") was developed.

Li Houzhu () ( 937 – 978 ), also known as Houzhu of Southern Tang ( 南唐後主, literally " the latter lord of Southern Tang "), personal name Li Yu ( 李煜 ), né Li Congjia ( 李從嘉 ), courtesy name Chongguang ( 重光 ; pinyin: chòngguāng ), posthumously known as Prince of Wu ( 吳王 ), was the last ruler of the Southern Tang Kingdom from 961 to 975 during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period.

During the Soused ( or Brown-Bag ) Period, P. D. Q. Bach wrote a Concerto for Horn & Hardart, a Sinfonia Concertante, a Pervertimento for Bicycle, Bagpipes, and Balloons, a Serenude, a Perückenstück ( literally German for " Hairpiece "), a Suite from The Civilian Barber ( spoofing Rossini's The Barber of Seville ), a Schleptet in E-flat major, the half-act opera The Stoned Guest ( the character of " The Stone Guest " from Mozart's Don Giovanni ), a Concerto for Piano vs. Orchestra, Erotica Variations ( Beethoven's Eroica Variations ), Hansel and Gretel and Ted and Alice, an opera in one unnatural act ( Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel and the 1969 film Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice ), The Art of the Ground Round ( Bach's The Art of Fugue ), a Concerto for Bassoon vs. Orchestra, and a Grand Serenade for an Awful Lot of Winds and Percussion.

The chisen-shoyū-teien, literally " lake-spring-boat excursion garden ", was imported from China during the Heian Period ( 794-1185 ).

It is written in a longhand form called wenzi pu ( 文字譜 ) ( literally " written notation "), said to have been created by Yong Menzhou during the Warring States Period, which gives all the details using ordinary written Chinese characters.

skin, literally " plate-skinned ") is an extinct class of armoured prehistoric fish, known from fossils, which lived from the late Silurian to the end of the Devonian Period.

Albertosaurus (; meaning " Alberta lizard ") is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago.

Saint Columba ( 7 December 521 – 9 June 597 AD )— also known as Colum Cille, or Chille ( Old Irish, meaning " dove of the church "), Colm Cille ( Irish ), Calum Cille ( Scottish Gaelic ), Colum Keeilley ( Manx Gaelic ) and Kolban or Kolbjørn ( Old Norse )— was a Gaelic Irish missionary monk who propagated Christianity among the Picts during the Early Medieval Period.

Thus the English Renaissance is virtually identical in meaning to the Elizabethan Period.

Velociraptor (; meaning ' swift seizer ') is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur that existed approximately 75 to 71 million years ago during the later part of the Cretaceous Period.

* Period – meaning the length of time it remained in use ; significant sites are often multi-period

it is mentioned that the name Chalcedon is Phoenician meaning " new town " ( probably correct ) while on " Chalcolithic Period " page, and under Prehistory below, it is mentioned that the name is from Greek meaning " copper ".

Daspletosaurus ( ; meaning " frightful lizard ") is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America between 77 and 74 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous Period.

In 1851 he published An Essay on the Origin and Development of Window Tracery in England, which proposed the terms " Flowing " and " Flamboyant " ( the latter term already in use in France, though not with exactly the same meaning, continuing right through the English Perpendicular Period ) instead of Thomas Rickman's " Decorated ", which had been generally adopted since it was first published in 1817.

His name is that of an arch-demon who first appears in the literature of Israel's Second Temple Period, as a personification of the Hebrew word " mastemah " ( משטמה ), meaning " hatred ", " hostility ", " enmity " or " persecution ".

This comes from the Italian words meaning light ( chiaro ) and dark ( scuro ), a technique which came into wide use in the Baroque Period.

The Norse occupation of the island in the Early Historic Period has left few tangible artifacts but did bequeath the island its name, which is probably from Ulvoy, meaning " wolf island ".

Placerias ( meaning broad body ) was a dicynodont ( a group of mammal-like reptiles ) that lived during the late Carnian age of the Triassic Period ( 221-210 million years ago ).

Protoceratops (; from Greek proto -/ πρωτο-" first ", cerat -/ κερατ-" horn " and-ops /- ωψ " face ", meaning " First Horned Face ") is a genus of sheep-sized ( 1. 5 to 2 m long ) herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur, from the Upper Cretaceous Period ( Campanian stage ) of what is now Mongolia.

Gorgosaurus ( ; meaning " fierce lizard ") is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, between about 76. 5 and 75 million years ago.

Ceratosaurus () meaning " horned lizard ", in reference to the horn on its nose ( Greek κερας / κερατος, keras / keratos meaning " horn " and σαυρος / sauros meaning " lizard "), was a large predatory theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Period ( Kimmeridgian to Tithonian ), found in the Morrison Formation of North America, and the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal.

Sinornithosaurus ( derived from a combination of Latin and Greek, meaning ' Chinese bird-lizard ') is a genus of feathered dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the early Cretaceous Period ( early Aptian ) of the Yixian Formation in what is now China.

The artwork on the cover was inspired by Picasso's Blue Period, and Coltrane is said to have been a proponent of Picasso's avant-garde movement, consequently giving his album name deeper interpretational, and perhaps more significant meaning.

Mussaurus ( meaning " mouse lizard ") was a genus of herbivorous prosauropod dinosaur that lived in southern Argentina during the Late Triassic Period, about 215 million years ago.

Maiasaura ( from the Greek " μαία + σαύρα ", meaning " caring mother lizard ") is a large duck-billed dinosaur genus that lived in the area currently covered by the state of Montana in the Upper Cretaceous Period ( mid to late Campanian ), about 74 million years ago.

Styracosaurus ( ; meaning " spiked lizard " from the Ancient Greek styrax / στύραξ " spike at the butt-end of a spear-shaft " and sauros / σαῦρος " lizard ") was a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the Cretaceous Period ( Campanian stage ), about 76. 5 to 75. 0 million years ago.