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Arab and geographer
In 985, the Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi visited Bethlehem, and referred to its church as the " Basilica of Constantine, the equal of which does not exist anywhere in the country-round.
The Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi produced his medieval atlas Tabula Rogeriana in 1154.
Al-Maqdisi, the Arab geographer, wrote in 985 that, " the water of Jericho is held to be the highest and best in all Islam.
In 1226, Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi said of Jericho, " it has many palm trees, also sugarcane in quantities, and bananas.
Muslims had actually lived in the region for quite some time ; the famous Arab historian and geographer, Al-Masudi, reported Muslims amongst Africans in the land of Sofa in 947 ( modern day Mozambique, itself a derivative of the name of the Arab Shiekh who ruled the area at the time when the Portuguese arrived, Musa bin Ba ' ik ).
The Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih of the 9th century ( d. 911 ) cited the Byzantine lyra, in his lexicographical discussion of instruments as a bowed instrument equivalent to the Arab rabāb and typical instrument of the Byzantines along with the urghun ( organ ), shilyani ( probably a type of harp or lyre ) and the salandj ( probably a bagpipe ).
The city began to prosper once more, as witnessed by the Arab geographer Al Idrisi, who mentions it as a centre of business and wine production around 1150.
* Al-Muqaddasi, Arab geographer
* Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab geographer ( d. 1229 )
* Yaqut al-Hamawi, Arab biographer and geographer ( b. 1179 )
* October 27 – Abulfeda, Arab historian and geographer ( b. 1273 )
* 1273 – November – Abulfeda, Arab historian and geographer ( d. 1331 )
The first document mentioning Alcamo is from 1154, a document by the Arab geographer Idrisi.
* Ali al-Masudi, Arab historian, geographer and philosopher
* Abul Hasan Ali Al-Masu ' di, Arab geographer, historian, and physicist
* Al-Masudi, Arab historian and geographer
* Hamdani, Arab poet, grammarian, geographer, historian and astronomer
At Palermo, Roger drew round him distinguished men of various races, such as the famous Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi and the Greek historian Nilus Doxopatrius.
An account of the Guanche population may have been made around 1150 CE by the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in the Nuzhatul Mushtaq, a book he wrote for King Roger II of Sicily, in which al-Idrisi reports a journey in the Atlantic Ocean made by the Mugharrarin (" the adventurers "), a family of Andalusian seafarers from Lisbon, Portugal.
There is however evidence of the existence of bowed instruments in the 9th century also in Eastern Europe: the Persian geographer of the 9th century Ibn Khurradadhbih cited the bowed Byzantine lira ( or lūrā ) as typical bowed instrument of the Byzantines and equivalent to the Arab rabāb.
By that time, most of the old, seawards city had been abandoned and is described by the Arab geographer Ibn Khurdadhbih as lying in ruins.
Maqdesi, an Arab geographer, named Hazarajat as Gharj Al-Shar-Gharj meaning “ mountain ” area ruled by chiefs.
The earliest documents describe a built-up town in the 11th century by the Arab geographer Al-Bacr ( who was later supported by the poets Luís de Camões and Lord Byron ).

Arab and al-Muqaddasi
In the 10th-century, the Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi, described it as abundant of olive trees, with a large marketplace, a finely paved Great Mosque, houses built of stone, a stream running through the center of the city, and notable mills.
Suez was situated nearby and served as a source of drinking water for Kolzum according to Arab traveler al-Muqaddasi who visited in 986.
The city was visited by the local Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi in 985, during the Abbasid Caliphate and was noted for its Great Mosque which served the residents of al-Ludd, Ramla and the nearby villages.
The late 10th-century Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi noted that during the Abbasid period, Adhri ' at was a major administrative center on the edge of the desert.
Map of Jerusalem as it appeared in the years 958 – 1052, according to Arab geographer s such as al-Muqaddasi
The 9th-century Arab geographer, al-Muqaddasi, credited the Abbasids for building the northern minaret ( Madhanat al -' Arous ; " Minaret of the Bride ") of the mosque in 831 during the reign of the caliph al-Ma ' mun ( r. 813 – 833 ).

Arab and writing
The written history of Madagascar began with the Arabs, who established trading posts along the northwest coast by at least the 10th century and introduced Islam, the Arabic script ( used to transcribe the Malagasy language in a form of writing known as sorabe ), Arab astrology and other cultural elements.
The written history of Madagascar begins in the 7th century when Omani Arabs and Shirazi Persians established trading posts along the northwest coast and introduced Islam, the Arabic script ( used to transcribe the Malagasy language in a form of writing known as sorabe ), Arab astrology and other cultural elements.
In the Arab world, where Eastern Arabic numerals are used for writing numbers, a different character is used to separate the integer and fractional parts of numbers.
Lawrence ( Lawrence of Arabia ) was said to have read Anabasis during the 1916 Arab Revolt and that it influenced both his leadership during that time and his writing of The Seven Pillars of Wisdom.
The Egyptian Arab historian al-Maqrīzī, writing in the 15th century AD, attributes the loss of the nose to iconoclasm by Muhammad Sa ' im al-Dahr, a Sufi Muslim from the khanqah of Sa ' id al-Su ' ada.
Napier's bones is an abacus created by John Napier for calculation of products and quotients of numbers that was based on Arab mathematics and lattice multiplication used by Matrakci Nasuh in the Umdet-ul Hisab and Fibonacci writing in the Liber Abaci.
Whilst the Arab script called Jawi has less influence in the other parts of Malaysia, it is still widely used in writing and printing the Malay language in Kelantan.
While writing The Arab Awakening, Antonius was a tenant at the Shepherd Hotel, belonging to the Mufti.
Nevertheless, a year after the establishment of the League of Arab States in 1945, to be headquartered in Cairo, Oxford University historian H. S. Deighton was still writing:
Following on from the Syriac chroniclers of his homeland, who were writing in his lifetime under Arab rule in much the same fashion, as well as the Alexandrians Annianus and Panodorus ( monks who wrote near the beginning of the 5th century ), George used the chronological synchronic structures of Sextus Julius Africanus and Eusebius of Caesarea, arranging his events strictly in order of time, and naming them in the year which they happened.
There are references in Arab and Byzantine sources to pre-Christian Slavs in European Russia using some form of writing.
The writing of this group stands out for its authentic depiction of the Arab and Jewish population of Palestine, told from the vantage point of those who grew up in its midst.
Modern Standard Arabic ( MSA ) is the direct descendant used today throughout the Arab World in writing and in formal speaking, for example, prepared speeches, some radio broadcasts, and non-entertaining content.
In 2005, Arab Europen League's president Dyab Abou Jahjah supported and rationalized Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's statements -- after The Islamic Republic's head made his controversial speeches including the infamous ( widely denounced ) genocidal call for Israel to be wiped off -- writing: "(…) the foundation of Mr. Ahmadinejad's reasoning is intellectually defendable, and despite the fact that his regime is no perfect example of political morality, I argue that his position on this matter is the only possible moral one.
The oldest surviving writing on double false position from the Middle East is that of Qusta ibn Luqa ( 10th century ), a Christian Arab mathematician from Baalbek, Lebanon.
Joel Greenberg, writing in the New York Times notes ; ‘ At Israel's founding in 1948, the Labor Zionist leadership, which went on to govern Israel in its first three decades of independence, accepted a pragmatic partition of what had been British Palestine into independent Jewish and Arab states.
He began writing and making rap music in 1998 and in 2000 his brother Suhell and their friend Mahmoud Jrere joined him to start the first Palestinian-Arab or Arab Israeli rap group, DAM.
In his The Jewish Week article, Lieberman tried to explain his party's " no loyalty – no citizenship " campaign by writing: " During Operation Cast Lead in Gaza, I was appalled by the calls for the destruction of the State of Israel and for renewed suicide bombings that some Israeli Arab leaders called for at pro-Hamas rallies.
Jacob Lassner and Selwyn Ilan Troen offer a different view, writing that Jund Filastin, the full name for the administrative province under the rule of the Arab caliphates, was traced by Muslim geographers back to the Philistines of the Bible.
-1033 CE ), known also as Ibn Al-Thahabi, was an Arab physician, famous for writing the first known alphabetical encyclopedia of medicine.
Lucien X. Polastron ( born 1944 ) is a French writer and historian, specialized in paper, book, writing, library history, and Chinese and Arab studies.
The town was first attested in writing by an Arab traveller Abu-al-Mahasini who met a Judge from Lamu visiting Mecca in 1441.
" And given that I am writing about half a century of Palestinian experience, it is impossible to read this experience otherwise than in the mirror of the Israeli “ other .” Therefore, when I was writing this novel, I have put a lot of effort into trying to take apart not only the Palestinian stereotype but also the Israeli stereotype as it appears in Arab literature and especially in the Palestinian literature of Ghassan Kanafani, for example, or even of Emil Habibi.

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