Nearly twenty-five years before, Captain John Davis had noted, as he sailed near the Arctic Circle, `` a very great gulf, the water whirling and roaring, as it were the meeting of tides ''.

World map showing the Arctic Circle in red.

Map of the Arctic with the Arctic Circle in blue.

The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth.

The Arctic Circle marks the southern extremity of the polar day ( 24-hour sunlit day, often referred to as the midnight sun ) and polar night ( 24-hour sunless night ).

North of the Arctic Circle, the sun is above the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year ( and therefore visible at midnight ) and below the horizon for 24 continuous hours at least once per year.

On the Arctic Circle those events occur, in principle, exactly once per year, at the June and December solstices, respectively.

In fact, because of atmospheric refraction and because the sun appears as a disk and not a point, part of the midnight sun may be seen on the night of the northern summer solstice up to about 50 ′ () south of the Arctic Circle ; similarly, on the day of the northern winter solstice, part of the sun may be seen up to about 50 ′ north of the Arctic Circle.

The position of the Arctic Circle is not fixed, but directly depends on the Earth's axial tilt, which fluctuates within a margin of 2 ° over a 40, 000 year period, notably due to tidal forces resulting from the orbit of the Moon.

The Arctic Circle is currently drifting northwards at a speed of about per year ; see Circle of latitude for more information.

Relatively few people live north of the Arctic Circle due to the Arctic climate.

The three largest communities above the Arctic Circle are situated in Russia: Murmansk ( population 325, 100 ), Norilsk ( 135, 000 ), and Vorkuta ( 85, 000 ).

Rovaniemi ( in Finland ), which lies slightly south of the line, has a population of approximately 58, 000, and is the largest settlement in the immediate vicinity of the Arctic Circle.

The land on the Arctic Circle is divided among eight countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the United States ( Alaska ), Canada, Denmark ( Greenland ), and Iceland ( where it passes through the small offshore island of Grímsey ).

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the Arctic Circle passes through:

The interior of Alaska is largely underlined by discontinuous permafrost, which grades to continuous permafrost as the Arctic Circle is approached.

Through Arctic Circle, University of Connecticut.

Just before crossing the Arctic Circle, the river passes Norman Wells, then continues northwest to merge with the Arctic Red and Peel rivers.

# have countercurrent blood flow in extremities-this is where the warm arterial blood travelling to the limb passes the cooler venous blood from the limb and heat is exchanged warming the venous blood and cooling the arterial ( e. g. Arctic Wolf or penguins )

Its northern boundary passes from the Arctic Cape to a point with co-ordinates of 79 ° N and 139 ° E, and ends at the Anisiy Cape.

Cold air damming causes this Arctic air to bank up along the eastern Cascade slopes, especially into the lower passes, such as Snoqualmie Pass and Stevens Pass.

On the Lower Mainland and Eastern Vancouver Island of British Columbia, where they are mainly referred to as outflow winds, they are noticeable especially in the winter, when a cold Arctic air mass holding in the high plateau country of the interior flows down to the sea through the canyons and lower passes piercing the Coast Mountains and crossing the Strait of Georgia.

As time passes, he realizes the system is heading towards Chicago, joined by an unusual warm storm coming from the south, which is already causing a record-breaking heat wave in the city, and an abnormally early cold front from the Arctic.

The Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador and passes around Newfoundland, continuing south along the east coast of Nova Scotia.

It connects to the Arctic Ocean through the Denmark Strait, Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea.

The late author Sheldon H. Harris in his book " Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932-1945, and the American cover up " wrote that, The test program, could be part of Project AGILE or Project OCONUS which began in fall 1962 and which was funded at least through fiscal year 1963, was considered by the Chemical Corps to be “ an ambitious one .” The tests were designed to cover “ not only trials at sea, but Arctic and tropical environmental tests as well .” The tests, presumably, were conducted at what research officers designated, but did not name, “ satellite sites .” These sites were located both in the continental United States and in foreign countries.

Ships travelling through Arctic seas may accumulate rime on the rigging.

Breeding colonies can be found in the Pacific from the Kuril Islands, around the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk throughout the Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands to southeast Alaska, and in the Atlantic from the Gulf of St. Lawrence through Greenland and the coast of Ireland down to Portugal, as well as in the high Arctic islands.

The Northwest Passage is a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways amidst the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

From west to east the Northwest Passage runs through the Bering Strait ( separating Russia and Alaska ), Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, and then through several waterways that go through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

" Due to Arctic shrinkage, the Beluga group of Bremen, Germany, sent the first Western commercial vessels through the Northern Sea Route ( Northeast Passage ) in 2009.

Pliny adds that it has no nights at midsummer when the sun is passing through the sign of the crab ( summer solstice ), a reaffirmation that it is on the Arctic Circle.

Furthermore, Gerbert instructed Constantine that the north pole could be measured with the upper and lower sighting tubes, the Arctic Circle through another tube, the Tropic of Cancer through another tube, the equator through another tube, and the Tropic of Capricorn through another tube.

The plaque upon it is inscribed, Dedicated to the indomitable spirit of the sled dogs that relayed antitoxin six hundred miles over rough ice, across treacherous waters, through Arctic blizzards from Nenana to the relief of stricken Nome in the winter of 1925.

The Ural Mountains (; ), or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan.

Viking expeditions ( blue line ): depicting the immense breadth of their voyages through most of Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Northern Africa, Asia Minor, the Arctic and North America

Vostrikov orders the K-19 to submerge to maximum operational depth ( 300 metres ), then surface rapidly at full-speed to break through the Arctic pack-ice which he estimates to be no more than one metre thick.

** Most famously HMS Terror ( 1813 ), sister ship of HMS Erebus and involved in Captain Sir John Franklin's lost expedition through the Arctic

The krai is located in the basin of the Arctic Ocean ; a great number of rivers that flow through the krai all drain into it eventually.

It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait.

The Atlantic Ocean, not including Arctic and Antarctic regions

As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean ( which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic ), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south.

Besides those mentioned, other large bodies of water adjacent to the Atlantic are the Caribbean Sea ; the Gulf of Mexico ; Hudson Bay ; the Arctic Ocean ; the Mediterranean Sea ; the North Sea ; the Baltic Sea and the Celtic Sea.

Further north along the Continental Divide, a short portion of the combined Continental and Laurentian divides separate the Columbia watershed from the MacKenzie-Slave-Athabasca watershed, which empties into the Arctic Ocean.

The Nelson and Mackenzie watersheds are separated by a divide between streams flowing to the Arctic Ocean and those of the Hudson Bay watershed.

Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the southeast.

Their homeland – the Inuvialuit Settlement Region – covers the Arctic Ocean coastline area from the Alaskan border east to Amundsen Gulf and includes the western Canadian Arctic Islands.

* The nation itself is the second northernmost country in Europe after Iceland, third place if one considers the Norwegian overseas-territory of Svalbard, an island in the Arctic Ocean, part of Europe.

* 1934 – The Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean.

The German army did not alter its military plans concerning Finland after the peace treaty with the Bolsheviks because the Civil War of the Finns had opened an easy access with low costs to Fennoscandia, and because troops of a British Naval squadron had invaded the harbour of Murmansk on the northwestern coast of Russia by the Arctic Ocean on 9 March 1918.

Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland.

Their combined territory was extended by a licence to the North-Western Territory, so it reached to the Arctic Ocean on the North and the Pacific Ocean on the West.

* Arctic Ocean