Other similar flags include those whose colors are horizontal, such as the Austrian triband.

Austrian German (), or Austrian Standard German, is the national standard variety of the German language spoken in Austria and in the autonomous Province of South Tyrol ( Italy ).

The standardized form of Austrian German for official texts and schools is defined by the Austrian Dictionary (), published under the authority of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture.

As German is a pluricentric language, Austrian German is merely one among several varieties of Standard German.

With German being a pluricentric language, Austrian dialects should not be confused with the variety of Standard German spoken by most Austrians, which is distinct from that of Germany or Switzerland.

This form is known as: " Österreichische Kanzleisprache " or " Austrian chancellery language " in English.

Austrian German is the only variety of a pluricentric language recognized under international law / EU primary law.

Simple words in the various dialects are very similar, but pronunciation is distinct for each and, after listening to a few spoken words it may be possible for an Austrian to realise which dialect is being spoken.

The Austrian School of economics is a school of economic thought positing that the only appropriate means to understand economic events is by logically studying the intentions of individual economic decision-makers, based on certain fundamental truths.

Athena is depicted in the obverse of the coin, representing the Austrian Republic.

* 1664 – The Ottoman Empire is defeated in the Battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.

Alder is illustrated in the coat of arms for the Austrian town of Grossarl.

Today, Alemannic is a linguistic term, referring to Alemannic German, encompassing the dialects of the southern two thirds of Baden-Württemberg ( German State ), in western Bavaria ( German State ), in Vorarlberg ( Austrian State ), Swiss German in Switzerland and the Alsatian language of the Alsace ( France ).

* 1809 – The second day of the Battle of Eckmühl: the Austrian army is defeated by the First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France and driven over the Danube in Regensburg.

Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (; ; born July 30, 1947 ) is an Austrian and American former professional bodybuilder, actor, businessman, investor, and politician.

* 1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.

On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four day campaign that ended in a French victory.

Many nationalist movements, such as the French National Front, Austrian Freedom Party, or the Italian Lego Nord are opposed to globalization, but argue that the alternative to globalization is the protection of the nation-state, sometimes, according to critics, in explicitly racist or fascist terms.

Austrian Germanist Rudolf Simek says that Bifröst either means " the swaying road to heaven " ( also citing bifa ) or, if Bilröst is the original form of the two ( which Simek says is likely ), " the fleetingly glimpsed rainbow " ( possibly connected to bil, perhaps meaning " moment, weak point ").

Maritime fur trader Charles William Barkley also visited the area in the Imperial Eagle, a British ship falsely flying the flag of the Austrian Empire.

During the period of Austrian rule, a number of different flags were tried, until the Austrian Emperor imposed the Austrian flag.

Despite opposition from the local Ethnic Germans it was subsequently recognized by the Austrian Government as the official flag of Carniola.

In addition, Austrian authorities saw all tricolours as basically nationalist and potentially revolutionary symbols, so Austrian provinces ( as the Empire itself ) were only allowed to use bicolours ( the only exception being the flag of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia, since it was interpreted to be a combination of the Croatian and Slavonian bicolours ).

In fact, the war flag of the Holy Roman Empire during the Crusades was a silver cross on a red field quite similar to the later Austrian arms.

However, the national flag ( in a modern sense ) of the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy, like the later Austrian Empire and the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary until 1918, was black-yellow.

One theory on the flag's design holds that since Lebanese member of parliament Henri Pharaon, who was involved in the making of the flag, was a long-time consul in Vienna and was an avid friend and founder of the " Austro-Lebanese Association of Friendship ", the colors could have been inspired by the Austrian flag.

One version of the origin of the Latvian flag also parallels that of the Austrian flag.

The Austrian flag has been the main motif of many collector coins.

The obverse of this coin shows the Austrian coat of arms flanked by the Austrian flag and the European Union flag.

With differing intent, the eagle on the Austrian flag holds a golden hammer in its left talon, and a golden sickle in its right talon.

In September, Boccioni, seated in the balcony of the Teatro dal Verme in Milan, tore up an Austrian flag and threw it into the audience, while Marinetti waved an Italian flag.

In 1996 he was taken seriously ill but recovered. The Flag of Austria | Austrian flag flying at half-staff before the Austrian Parliament Building, due to the death of President Thomas Klestil, on July 7, 2004.

When Austria became a member of the European Union, the Austrian variety of the German language — limited to 23 agricultural terms — was " protected " in Protocol No 10, regarding the use of specific Austrian terms of the German language in the framework of the European Union, which forms part of the Austrian EU accession treaty.

Marlborough, realising the only way to ignore Dutch wishes was by the use of secrecy and guile, set out to deceive his Dutch allies by pretending to simply move his troops to the Moselle – a plan approved of by The Hague – but once there, he would slip the Dutch leash and link up with Austrian forces in southern Germany.

Austrian monarchists continued to use this anthem after 1918 in the hope of restoring the monarchy.

This method of manufacture, which had been earlier discovered by the Austrian Joseph Hardtmuth of Koh-I-Noor in 1790, remains in use.

While he cared little for who should become King of Poland, the cause of protecting the King's father-in-law was a sympathetic one, and he hoped to use the war as a means of humbling the Austrians, and perhaps securing the long-desired Duchy of Lorraine from its duke, Francis Stephen, who was expected to marry Emperor Charles's daughter Maria Theresa, which would bring Austrian power dangerously close to the French border.

French leaders entertained grand designs, intending to use a combined French and Bavarian army to capture the Austrian capital the next year.

" The first use of the term is attributed to the Austrian Nathan Birnbaum, founder of a nationalist Jewish students ' movement Kadimah, who used the term in his journal Selbstemanzipation ( Self Emancipation ).

The name Ostarrîchi ( Austria ) has been in use since 996 CE when it was part of the Duchy of Bavaria and a component of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation ( Heiliges Römisches Reich 962 – 1806 ) which was dominated by the Austrian House of Habsburg from 1273 to 1806 when the empire came to an end.

His works, the symphonies in particular, had detractors, most notably the influential Austrian critic Eduard Hanslick, and other supporters of Johannes Brahms ( and detractors of Wagner ), who pointed to their large size, use of repetition, and Bruckner's propensity to revise many of his works, often with the assistance of colleagues, and his apparent indecision about which versions he preferred.

The three early Masses, he composed between 1842 and 1844, were short Austrian Landmessen for use in local churches and did not always set all the numbers of the ordinary.

In the vast multiethnic Holy Roman Empire and then after 1804 the Austrian empire, the Ladins were left in relative peace and were allowed to continue the use of their language and culture.

Even as late as 1915, the Caesar cipher was in use: the Russian army employed it as a replacement for more complicated ciphers which had proved to be too difficult for their troops to master ; German and Austrian cryptanalysts had little difficulty in decrypting their messages.

Here the contestants had been asked to modify their weapons so that they could use the standard size of cartridge used by the Austrian infantry.

The use of the term Chancellor ( Kanzler ) ( Latin ) in the Austrian lands can be traced back as far as the ninth century, when the the office of the Archchancellor ( Erzkanzler ), later Imperial Chancellor ( Reichserzkanzler ) was created as the highest office within the Holy Roman Empire.

Before adopting the Euro in 2002 Austria had maintained use of the Austrian schilling which was first established in December 1924.

The Austrian method often encourages the student to mentally use the addition table in reverse.

Austrian economists rather prefer to use as a model tool the Homo agens.

A common end date for the use of the pike in infantry formations is 1700, although such armies as the Prussian and Austrian had already abandoned the pike by that date.

Leonhard Paul of Mnozil Brassis a faget ( an Austrian based brass group consisting of three trumpets, three trombones and a tuba ) plays bass trumpet regularly with the ensemble, incorporating its use in many different styles.