* Grayson, Albert Kirk ( 1975 ): Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles ( ABC ), Locust Valley, N. Y., Augustin ; reed.

# The remainder of 2 Chronicles ( chapters 10 – 36 ) is a chronicle of the kings of Judah to the time of the Babylonian exile, concluding with the call by Cyrus the Great for the exiles to return to their land.

The Chronicles are an epitome of the sacred history from the days of Adam down to the return from Babylonian exile, a period of about 3, 500 years.

According to the Babylonian Chronicles, published by Donald Wiseman in 1956, it was established that Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem the first time on 2 Adar ( 16 March ) 597 BC.

These are during 853 – 841 BC when Jerusalem was invaded by Philistines and Arabs during the reign of Jehoram ( recorded in 2 Kings 8: 20-22 and 2 Chronicles 21: 8-20 in the Christian Old Testament ) and 605 – 586 BC when Jerusalem was attacked by King Nebuchadnezzer of Babylon, which led to the Babylonian exile of Israel ( recorded in Psalm 137 ).

* Babylonian Chronicles — Mesopotamia

It has long been maintained that the foundation of Seleucia diverted the population to the new capital of Babylonia, and that the ruins of the old city became a quarry for the builders of the new seat of government, but the recent publication of the Babylonian Chronicles of the Hellenistic Period has shown that urban life was still very much the same well into the Parthian age ( 150 BC to 226 AD ).

The Babylonian Chronicles and Astronomical Diaries record several attempts to rebuild the Etemenanki, which were always preceded by removing the last debris of the original ziggurat.

The publication of the Babylonian Chronicles in 1956, however, gave evidence that the years of Zedekiah were measured in a non-accession sense.

A series of fifteen neo to late Babylonian Chronicles have been recovered which narrate the period spanning Nabû-nasir ( 747 – 734 BC ) to Seleucus III Ceraunus ( 243 – 223 BC ) and were derived from the political events described in astronomical diaries kept by astrologers.

* Babylonian Chronicles of the Hellenistic Period

* The contemporary Babylonian Chronicles, especially the Chronicle of the Diadochi (= ABC 10 = BCHP 3 ).

The Babylonian Talmud ( Bava Batra 14b-15a ) gives their order as Ruth, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Daniel, Scroll of Esther, Ezra, Chronicles.

This is confirmed by the Babylonian Chronicles:

This is a part of the Babylonian Chronicles, which are concise, factual accounts of historical events, and are therefore considered to be very reliable, although not very informative.

The Jerusalem Chronicle, part of the Babylonian Chronicles, now housed in the British Museum, claim that Nebuchadnezzar " crossed the river to go against the Egyptian army which lay in Karchemiš.

Chronicles for the next few years are mostly absent and eventually Sinsharishkun was able to quell the homeland rebellion but precious time was lost to solve the Babylonian problem.

The Babylonian Chronicles establish that Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem the first time on 2 Adar ( 16 March ) 597 BC.

Before Wiseman's publication of the Babylonian Chronicles in 1956, Thiele had determined from Biblical texts that Nebuchadnezzar's initial capture of Jerusalem and its king Jeconiah occurred in the spring of 597 BC, whereas Kenneth Strand points out that other scholars, including Albright, more frequently dated the event to 598 BC.

According to the Babylonian Chronicles, Jerusalem eventually fell on 2 Adar ( March 16 ) 597 BC.

According to the Greek author Herodotus, Cyrus treated Croesus well and with respect after the battle, but this is contradicted by the Nabonidus Chronicle, one of the Babylonian Chronicles ( although whether or not the text refers to Lydia's king or prince is unclear ).

It is generally agreed that the DtrH originated independently of both the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers ( the first four books of the Torah ) and the history of the books of Chronicles ; most scholars trace all or most of it to the Babylonian exile ( 6th century BCE ), and associate it with editorial reworking of both the Tetrateuch and Jeremiah.

Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles.

The introduction of the new era is mentioned in one of the Babylonian Chronicles, the Chronicle of the Diadochi.

This may be combined with the Babylonian method for extracting the square root of a matrix to give a recurrence which converges to an orthogonal matrix quadratically:

The modern almanac differs from Babylonian, Ptolemaic and Zij tables in the sense that " the entries found in the almanacs give directly the positions of the celestial bodies and need no further computation ", in contrast to the more common " auxiliary astronomical tables " based on Ptolemy's Almagest.

Demonological directories give an etymology from a supposed Latin word ' Chamos ', ' Chamus ', said to be a name given to Baal Peor, and possibly corrupted from Hebrew ' Chium ', an epithet given to several Assyrian and Babylonian gods.

And they who brought about the peace between them were Syennesis the Kilikian and Labynetos the Babylonian: these were they who urged also the taking of the oath by them, and they brought about an interchange of marriages ; for they decided that Alyattes should give his daughter Aryenis to Astyages the son of Cyaxares, since without the compulsion of a strong tie agreements are apt not to hold strongly together.

Thus the French kings are a good example of a non-imperial Catholic monarchy that was rather successful in getting a great say in the French Catholic Church ( such as commendatory prelatures ) and getting access to significant income from the Church's property ; during and around the ' Babylonian Exile ' of the papacy in Avignon they even had a heavy hand in the papacy as such ; and aspects of Gallicanism reflect the desire to give even the liturgy ( even when Latin was the only language for liturgical ritual in the Latin Rite ) a distinctive French flavour.

Greek became the language of scholarship throughout the Hellenistic world, and Greek mathematics merged with Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics to give rise to a Hellenistic mathematics.

2 Maccabees 2: 4-10, written around 100 BC, says that the prophet Jeremiah, " being warned by God " before the Babylonian invasion, took the Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Altar of Incense, and buried them in a cave on Mount Nebo ( Jordan ), informing those of his followers who wished to find the place that it should remain unknown " until the time that God should gather His people again together, and receive them unto mercy.

The earliest parts of the book are possibly chapters 2 – 11, the story of the conquest ; more certain is that this section was then incorporated into an early form of Joshua that was part of then original Deuteronomistic history, written late in the reign of king Josiah ( reigned 640 – 609 BCE ); it seems clear that the book was not completed until after the fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians in 586, and possibly not until after the return from the Babylonian exile late in the 6th century.

Ezra, thirty years into the Babylonian Exile ( 4 Ezra 3: 1 / 2 Esdras 1: 1 ), recounts the siege of Jerusalem and the destruction of Solomon's Temple.

Old temples were restored ; new edifices of incredible magnificence were erected to the many gods of the Babylonian pantheon ( Diodorus of Sicily, 2. 95 ; Herodotus, 1. 183 ).

* Arrowheads shot by Babylonian archers 2, 500 years ago, and others launched by Roman siege machinery 500 years later.

The sequel to Blood Feast, Blood Feast 2: All U Can Eat ( 2002 ) also features Ishtar, but it is explained that she is Babylonian, even though " everyone seems to think she's Egyptian.

Most of them were collected from the surface during Starkey's excavations, but others were found in Level 1 ( Persian and Greek era ), Level 2 ( period preceding Babylonian conquest by Nebuchadnezzar ), and Level 3 ( period preceding Assyrian conquest by Sennacherib ).

The three-and-a-half hour epic intercuts four parallel storylines each separated by several centuries: ( 1 ) A contemporary melodrama of crime and redemption ; ( 2 ) a Judean story: Christ ’ s mission and death ; ( 3 ) a French story: the events surrounding the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre of 1572 ; and ( 4 ) a Babylonian story: the fall of the Babylonian Empire to Persia in 539 BC.

Because this offers an alternative explanation to Thiele's interpretation of Ezekiel 40: 1, and because Thiele's chronology for Jeconiah seems incompatible with the records of the Babylonian Chronicle, the infobox below dates the end of Jeconiah's reign to 2 Adar ( 16 March ) 597 BC, the date of the first capture of Jerusalem as given in the Babylonian records.

The account is also mentioned in corresponding passages of the Jerusalem Talmud ( Avodah Zarah 2: 2 IV. I ) and Babylonian Talmud ( Avodah Zarah 27b ) The name Yeshu is not mentioned in the Hebrew manuscripts of these passages but reference to " Jeshu ben Pandira " is interpolated by Herford's in his English paraphrasing of the Jerusalem Talmud text.

* Avodah Zarah, 16b-17a in the Babylonian Talmud essentially repeats the account of Chullin 2: 24 about Rabbi Eliezer and adds additional material.

Book 2 describes the history of the Babylonian kings from creation till Nabonassaros ( 747-734 BC ).

Daf Yomi (, Daf HaYomi, " page of the day " or " daily folio ") is a daily regimen of learning the Oral Torah and its commentaries ( also known as the Gemara ), in which each of the 2, 711 pages of the Babylonian Talmud are covered in sequence.

* Ephraim Stern, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible: Volume 2: The Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian Periods ( 732-332 BCE ).