* the Behistun Inscription

In the mid-19th century, Henry Rawlinson and others deciphered the Behistun Inscription, which records the same text in Old Persian, Elamite, and Akkadian, using a variation of cuneiform for each language.

With the exception of Babylonian dated tablets and some Egyptian inscriptions, we possess no contemporary evidence about the reign of Cambyses but the short account of Darius I in the Behistun Inscription.

He also had the cliff-face Behistun Inscription carved, an autobiography of great modern linguistic significance.

Darius's account, written at the Behistun Inscription states that Cambyses II killed his own brother Bardiya, but that this murder was not known among the Iranian people.

Darius left a detailed account of these revolutions at the Behistun Inscription.

As can be seen at the Behistun Inscription, Darius believed that Ahura Mazda had appointed him to rule the Achaemenid Empire.

Ahura Mazda first appeared in the Achaemenid period ( c. 550 – 330 BCE ) under Darius I's Behistun Inscription.

The Behistun Inscription contains many references to Ahura Mazda.

The most notable of all the inscriptions is the Behistun Inscription written by Darius I which contain many references to Ahura Mazda.

Detail of Behistun Inscription.

" Another view notes that on the Behistun Inscription, " Cyaxares " is a family name, and thus considers the description as literal, viewing Astyages as an intermediate ruler wrongly placed in the family line in the Greek sources.

Rawlinson's published works include four volumes of cuneiform inscriptions, published under his direction between 1870 and 1884 by the trustees of the British Museum ; The Persian Cuneiform Inscription at Behistun ( 1846 – 51 ) and Outline of the History of Assyria ( 1852 ), both reprinted from the Asiatic Society's journals ; A Commentary on the Cuneiform Inscriptions of Babylon and Assyria ( 1850 ); Notes on the Early History of Babylonia ( 1854 ); and England and Russia in the East ( 1875 ).

Ultimately every stupendous work of antiquity by the Euphrates or in Iran seems to have been ascribed to her, even the Behistun Inscription of Darius.

He seems also to have visited the Behistun Inscription in around 1764.

It is a calque of Old Persian Verkâna as recorded in Darius the Great's Behistun Inscription, as well as in other Old Persian cuneiform inscriptions.

Soon after the appearance of Burnouf's Commentaire sur le Yacna ( 1833 ), Lassen also directed his attention to the Zend language, and to Iranian studies generally ; and in Die altpersischen Keilinschriften von Persepolis ( 1836 ) he first made known the true character of the Old Persian cuneiform inscriptions, thereby anticipating, by one month, Burnouf's Mémoire on the same subject, while Sir Henry Rawlinson's famous memoir on the Behistun Inscription, though drawn up in Persia, independently of contemporaneous European research, at about the same time, did not reach the Royal Asiatic Society until three years later.

# Redirect Behistun Inscription

# Redirect Behistun Inscription

# REDIRECT Behistun Inscription

The first state that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples ( such as Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Behistun Inscription ) was established in the early 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty, which later became a kingdom.

Examples of Old Persian have been found in what is now present-day Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Egypt the most important attestation by far being the contents of the Behistun Inscription ( dated to 525 BCE ).

* Behistun Inscription

He was now able, with considerable difficulty and at no small personal risk, to make a complete transcript of the Behistun inscription, which he was also successful in deciphering and interpreting.

The Behistun Inscription ( also Bisitun or Bisutun, Modern Persian: بیستون ; Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning " the god's place or land ") is a multi-lingual inscription located on Mount Behistun.

The district Aria of the Persian Achaemenid Empire is mentioned in the provincial lists that are included in various royal inscriptions, for instance, in the Behistun inscription of Darius I ( ca.

Darius left a tri-lingual monumental relief on Mount Behistun which was written in Elamite, Old Persian and Babylonian between his coronation and his death.

Ancient Persian bas-relief – Apadana or Behistun inscription, ancient Greek pottery, archaeological findings from Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, China et al.

In the Old Persian inscriptions ( Behistun 2, 10 – 18 ), Ragha appears as a province.

In the trilingual Behistun inscription, carved in the order of Darius the Great of Persia, the country referred to as Urartu in Babylonian is called Armenia in Old Persian.

The key to reading logosyllabic cuneiform came from the Behistun inscription, a trilingual cuneiform inscription written in Old Persian, Elamite and Akkadian.

In 1838 Henry Rawlinson, building on the 1802 work of Georg Friedrich Grotefend, was able to decipher the Old Persian section of the Behistun inscriptions, using his knowledge of modern Persian.

The term Gimirri was used about a century later in the Behistun inscription ( c. 515 BC ) as a Babylonian equivalent of Persian Saka ( Scythians ).

Alexander ordered that Bessus's nose and ears be cut off, which was a Persian custom for those involved in rebellion and regicide ; the Behistun inscription relates that Darius the Great punished the usurper Phraortes in a similar manner.

Ecbatana ( Old Persian: Haŋgmatana, Agbatana in Aeschylus and Herodotus, elsewhere Ἐκβάτανα Ekbatana, Agámtanu by Nabonidos, and Agamatanu at Behistun ; modern Hamadan, Iran ) ( literally: the place of gathering ; ; ) is supposed to be the capital of Astyages ( Istuvegü ), which was taken by the Persian emperor Cyrus the Great in the sixth year of Nabonidus ( 549 BC ).

From the Behistun inscription we know that it was Persian by 522.

Under the Achaemenid dynasty Merv is mentioned as being a place of some importance: under the name of Margu it occurs as part of one of the satrapies in the Behistun inscriptions ( ca 515 BC ) of the Persian monarch Darius Hystaspis.

The oldest known text written in Old Persian is from the Behistun Inscriptions.

Described as one of the great literatures of mankind, Persian literature has its roots in surviving works of Middle Persian and Old Persian, the latter of which date back as far as 522 BCE ( the date of the earliest surviving Achaemenid inscription, the Behistun Inscription ).

Gandhara and Sattagydia ( Thatagus ) are listed amongst the provinces inherited by Darius when he seized the throne in 522 BC in his commemorative Behistun inscription, however, the dates of the initial annexation of these two regions is not certain.

The presence of Iranian dap in the reliefs of Behistun is enlightening and is hard proof that dafs existed long before the rise of Islam.

For example, the Behistun inscription is an official document of the Achaemenid Empire engraved on native rock at a location in Iran.

Gorgān, Hyrcania in Latin, the district of " the wolves " ( still seen thereabouts ), is mentioned already as Varkāna-in the Behistun inscription.

Behistun inscription is considered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Another attestation of his reign is the later Behistun Inscription, where his great grandson Darius I states that eight Achaemenid kings preceded him-and then, he must be counting Ariaramnes as a king.

Another attestation of his reign is the Behistun Inscription, where his grandson Darius I lists him among his royal forebears and counts him among the eight kings who preceded him.

He is represented on the Behistun inscription and on Darius ' tomb in Naqsh-e Rustam, as

The ruler who lost a Bactrian revolt is mentioned as a Margian in the Behistun inscriptions of ca.