See also Benedictine Confederation.

Rather, in modern times, the various autonomous houses have formed themselves loosely into congregations ( for example, Cassinese, English, Solesmes, Subiaco, Camaldolese, Sylvestrines ) that in turn are represented in the Benedictine Confederation that came into existence through Pope Leo XIII's Apostolic Brief " Summum semper " on July 12, 1883.

The Rule of Saint Benedict is also used by a number of religious orders that began as reforms of the Benedictine tradition such as the Cistercians and Trappists although none of these groups are part of the Benedictine Confederation.

* Confoederatio Benedictina Ordinis Sancti Benedicti, the Benedictine Confederation of Congregations

The spirit of St. Benedict's Rule is summed up in the motto of the Benedictine Confederation: pax (" peace ") and the traditional ora et labora (" pray and work ").

These different emphases emerged within the framework of the Rule in the course of history and are to some extent present withion the Benedictine Confederation and The Cistercian Orders of the Common and the Ancient Observance.

* Boniface Wimmer, Benedictine monk, founded Saint Vincent Archabbey in 1845 and the American-Cassinese Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation in 1855.

The autonomy of each House does not prevent them being affiliated into congregations – whether national or based on some other joint characteristic – and these, in turn, into the supra-national Benedictine Confederation.

Unlike the other congregation, it is not a member of the larger Benedictine Confederation.

Since 1625 the abbey has been a member of the Austrian Congregation, now within the Benedictine Confederation.

They have formed the Olivetan Congregation within the Benedictine Confederation since 1960.

They are members of the Benedictine Confederation.

The Sylvestrine monks operated as a completely autonomous congregation for most of their history, until they joined the Benedictine Confederation in the mid-20th century.

Since they joined the Benedictine Confederation, however, that practice is often not followed.

The Benedictine Confederation of the Order of Saint Benedict ( in Latin, Confœderatio Benedictina Ordinis Sancti Benedicti ) is the international governing body of the Order of Saint Benedict.

The Benedictine Confederation is a union of monastic congregations that nevertheless retain their own autonomy, established by Pope Leo XIII in his brief " Summum semper " ( 12 July 1893 ), subsequently approved by his successors.

Communities of Benedictine women are joined in sixty-one congregations and federations that are associated with the Confederation, although they do not have full membership.

Since the time of the Reformation, there have been independent Benedictine communities in the Protestant ( especially Anglican ) traditions which maintain official friendly relations with the Benedictine Confederation, although they are not formally linked with it or its congregations.

This balance between autonomy and belonging is one of the distinguishing features of the Benedictine Confederation, and brings with it both strengths and weaknesses.

The present Confederation of Congregations of Monasteries of the Order of Saint Benedict, officially, the " Benedictine Confederation ," of monks, consists of the following congregations in the order given in the Catalogus Monasteriorum OSB ( dates in brackets are those of the foundation of the congregations – Primacy of honour is given to the Cassinese Congregation, though the English Congregation is the oldest, because Monte Cassino was the original Abbey of St. Benedict himself.

This remained in the possession of the Angevin dynasty who had it likewise inserted into a much larger image of Mary and the Christ child, which is presently enshrined above the high altar of the Benedictine Abbey church of Montevergine.

Besides turning over to them some deserted Benedictine monasteries, he presented them with the monastery of St. Paul at Albano, which he himself had founded and richly endowed when he was still cardinal.

Marinus later intervened when the Bishop of Capua seized without authorization a church which had been given to the local Benedictine monks.

As a young man, Grimoard became a Benedictine monk in the small Priory of Chirac, near his home, which was a dependency of the ancient Abbey of St. Victor near Marseille, and he was sent there for his novitiate.

However, the actual term " palaeography " was coined ( in Latin ) by Bernard de Montfaucon, a Benedictine monk, in the title of his Palaeographia Graeca ( 1708 ), which remained a standard work in the specific field of Greek palaeography for more than a century.

His Rule is written as a guide for individual, autonomous communities, and to this day all Benedictine Houses ( and the Congregations in which they have grouped themselves ) remain self-governing.

He received further theological training in the Benedictine monastery and minster of Nhutscelle ( Nursling ), not far from Winchester, which under the direction of abbot Winbert had grown into an industrious centre of learning in the tradition of Aldhelm.

It is the second Medicean manuscript, 11th century and from the Benedictine abbey at Monte Cassino, which is the oldest surviving copy of the passage describing Christians.

In the seventeenth century, manuscripts which were written out and preserved in the Cambrai and Paris houses of the English Benedictine nuns in exile also cite her.

King Ruggero sends the Benedictine monks to Lipari, which gives rise to considerable development on the islands.

In the so-called anti-monastic reaction, the nobles took advantage of Edward's weakness to dispossess the Benedictine reformed monasteries of lands and other properties which King Edgar had granted to them.

On the south side of the cloister ( 5 ) there are the remains of the old refectory, running, as in Benedictine houses, from east to west, and the new refectory ( 12 ), which, with the increase of the inmates of the house, superseded it, stretching, as is usual in Cistercian houses, from north to south.

Robert's followers included the Benedictine monks Alberic, a former hermit from the nearby forest of Colan, and Stephen Harding, a member of an Anglo-Saxon noble family which had been ruined as a result of the Norman conquest of England.

From one point of view, it may be regarded as a compromise between the primitive Benedictine system, in which each abbey was autonomous and isolated, and the complete centralization of Cluny, where the Abbot of Cluny was the only true superior in the body.

The main player in the history of Gregorian chant semiology in the 19th century is the Benedictine community of the Abbey of St Peter in Solesmes, which was established in 1833 by Fr Prosper Guéranger, who wished to create single authoritative editions of chant via paleographical study.

The late 11th century arrival of Benedictine, Camaldolese and other monks from the Mezzogiorno, Lombardy, and Provence, especially the monasteries Montecassino, Saint-Victor de Marseille, Vallombrosa, boosted the agriculture in a land which was extremely underdeveloped.

The oldest recorded sparkling wine is Blanquette de Limoux, which was apparently invented by Benedictine Monks in the Abbey of Saint Hilaire, near Carcassonne in 1531.

Over a century later, the English scientist and physician Christopher Merret documented the addition of sugar to a finished wine to create a second fermentation, which occurred six years before Dom Perignon set foot in the Abbey of Hautvillers and almost 40 years before it was claimed that the famed Benedictine monk invented Champagne.

The church occupies the site of the ancient chancel and transepts of a large medieval Benedictine abbey, which was sacked in 1560 during the Scottish Reformation and permitted to fall into disrepair.

It is well known as the site of the Benedictine abbey, Santa Maria de Montserrat, which hosts the Virgin of Montserrat sanctuary and which is identified by some with the location of the Holy Grail in Arthurian myth.

For instance, when his former tutor, General De Grunne, in his old age, entered the Benedictine monastery of Maredsous, Belgium, King Albert wrote a letter to him, in which he spoke of the joy of giving oneself to God.

Lack of a legitimate heir, however, remained a concern for Władysław I and in 1085 he and his wife Judith of Bohemia sent rich gifts, among which was a life size statue of a child made of gold, to the Benedictine Sanctuary of Saint Giles in Saint-Gilles, Provance begging for offspring.

Like most medieval monarchs, he founded several churches and monasteries most important of which are the monastery of Canons regular of St. Augustinein Trzemeszno, founded in the 12th century, and a Benedictine monastery of Holy Cross atop the Łysa Góra which was founded in place of an ancient pagan temple.