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The Bourbon Restoration is the name given to the period following the successive events of the French Revolution ( 1789 – 1799 ), the end of the First Republic ( 1792 – 1804 ), and then the forcible end of the First French Empire under Napoleon ( 1804 – 1814 / 1815 ) – when a coalition of European powers restored by arms the monarchy to the heirs of the House of Bourbon, who once again became possessors of the Kingdom of France.
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Bourbon and Restoration
* 1814 – Nominal beginning of the Bourbon Restoration ; anniversary date that Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
During the Bourbon Restoration, construction was halted and it would not be completed until the reign of King Louis-Philippe, between 1833 and 1836, by the architects Goust, then Huyot, under the direction of Héricart de Thury.
* Bourbon Restoration, the return to the French throne of the Bourbon Dynasty
Monasteries were again allowed to form in the 19th century under the Bourbon Restoration.
The Bourbon monarchy was destroyed by the French people in 1792 — it would be restored after Napoleon, then destroyed again with the Restoration of the House of Bonaparte.
Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorations of monarchy ( Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy ), and two additional revolutions ( 1830 and 1848 ) as modern France took shape.
This period of time is called the Bourbon Restoration and was marked by conflicts between reactionary Ultra-royalists, who wanted to restore the pre-1789 system of absolute monarchy, and liberals, who wanted to strengthen constitutional monarchy.
Overall they warily accepted the changes of régime ( First French Empire, Bourbon Restoration, July Monarchy, French Second Republic, Second French Empire, French Third Republic ).
Charles Comte, in Traité de la propriété ( 1834 ), attempted to justify the legitimacy of private property in response to the Bourbon Restoration.
* April 6 – Bourbon Restoration: Louis XVIII is invited to occupy the restored French throne.
* the Bourbon Restoration
The standard of the French royal family under the Early Modern France | Ancien Régime and the Bourbon Restoration | restoration period.
Both Marie Antoinette's body and that of Louis XVI were exhumed on 18 January 1815, during the Bourbon Restoration, when the comte de Provence had become King Louis XVIII.
When he returns in the Paris of the Bourbon Restoration, he discovers that his " widow ", a former prostitute that Chabert made rich and honourable, has married the wealthy Count Ferraud.
In France, the system of pairies ( peerage ) existed in two different versions: the exclusive ' old ' in the French kingdom, in many respects an inspiration for the English / British practice, and the very prolific chambre des pairs of the Bourbon Restoration ( 1814 – 1848 ).
A large part of the Temple records from that time onwards were destroyed under the Bourbon Restoration, so that exact knowledge of the facts is practically impossible.
Jean Guillaume Moitte created a pediment sculptural group The Fatherland crowning the heroic and civic virtues that was replaced upon the Bourbon Restoration with one by David d ' Angers.
The Bourbon Restoration regime was a constitutional monarchy ( unlike the Ancien Régime, which was absolute ).
It repudiated his Declaration of Verona, promised to abolish conscription, keep Napoleon I's administrative and judicial system, reduce taxes, eliminate political prisons, and guarantee amnesty to everyone who did not oppose a Bourbon Restoration.
Category: People of the Bourbon Restoration
The Bourbon Restoration existed from ( about ) 6 April 1814 until the popular uprisings of the July Revolution of 1830, excepting the interval of the " Hundred Days ", less than a full year into the Restoration, when the Bourbon monarchy had again made themselves so unpopular with the general population of France that the family was again forced to flee Paris and France for Ghent, ahead of exploding civil disorders and collapsing civil authority.
Bourbon and is
since Bourbon whiskey, though of Kentucky origin, is at least as much favored by liberals in the North as by conservatives in the South.
The Bourbon economic philosophy, moreover, is not very different from that of Northern conservatives.
* 1707 – The Habsburg army is defeated by Bourbon army at Almansa ( Spain ) in the War of the Spanish Succession.
Current head Jean-Christophe Napoléon is ironically from a Bourbon mother.
The current legitimate, senior family member is Louis-Alphonse de Bourbon, known by his supporters as Duke of Anjou, who also holds the Legitimist ( Blancs d ' Espagne ) claim to the French throne.
This is opposed to the forceful language of early Revolutionary rhetoric and rhetoric of the Bourbon monarchy.
It is named Bourbon because Rev Craig lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky.
The team's logo is a fleur-de-lis ( a symbol of the City of New Orleans and of France's Royal Family, which included the House of Bourbon ), while its uniform design consists of gold helmets, gold pants, and either black or white jerseys.
The oldest source is found in a French work by Stephen of Bourbon called The Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit.
The majority of the world's vanilla is the V. planifolia variety, more commonly known as Bourbon vanilla ( after the former name of Réunion, Île Bourbon ) or Madagascar vanilla, which is produced in Madagascar and neighboring islands in the southwestern Indian Ocean, and in Indonesia.
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, Madagascar is currently responsible for the vast majority of the world's Bourbon vanilla production and 58 % of the world total vanilla fruit production.
* Bourbon vanilla or Bourbon-Madagascar vanilla, produced from V. planifolia plants introduced from the Americas, is the term used for vanilla from Indian Ocean islands such as Madagascar, the Comoros, and Réunion, formerly the Île Bourbon.
* Bourbon whiskey, which is made from mash that consists of at least 51 % corn ( maize ).
Whiskey sold as " Tennessee whiskey " is defined as Bourbon under NAFTA and at least one other international trade agreement, and is similarly required to meet the legal definition of Bourbon under Canadian law.
The coumarin scopoletin is present in whisky, with the highest level reported in Bourbon whiskey.
Bourbon and name
* Île Bourbon, former name for the Island of Réunion
The first alleged use of the specific name " Old Fashioned " was for a Bourbon whiskey cocktail in the 1880s, at the Pendennis Club, a gentlemen ’ s club in Louisville, Kentucky.
The name of the spirit derives from its historical association with an area known as Old Bourbon, around what is now Bourbon County, Kentucky ( which, in turn, was named after the French House of Bourbon royal family ).
The Kentucky Bourbon Trail is the name of a tourism promotion intended to attract visitors to six distilleries in Kentucky: Four Roses ( Lawrenceburg ), Heaven Hill ( Bardstown ), Jim Beam ( Clermont ), Maker's Mark ( Loretto ), Wild Turkey ( Lawrenceburg ), and Woodford Reserve ( Versailles ).
However, since such surname cannot be passed to a descendant with a rank lower than Son of France, and since Philippe had already given up his French titles, his descendants simply took the name of their royal house as their surname (" de Bourbon ", rendered in Spanish as " de Borbón ").
a Son of France ), and in most historiography is primarily listed as ' Louis XVII of France ', since with the Bourbon restoration, his uncle took Louis XVIII as regnal name.
Louis Stanislas now unilaterally declared himself regent for his nephew, who was too young to be head of the House of Bourbon ( since the French monarchy had been abolished for several months, Louis XVII never actually ruled, and any claim to regency would have been in name only ).
In 1701, he fought bravely at the Battle of Chiari, fought in the name of Bourbon control of Milan.
It is a common misconception that the main street was incorrectly gazetted in the Bundaberg Mail as " Bourbong " instead of " Bourbon " street and the name persisted.
After the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, the name was changed back to Place Louis XV, and in 1826 the square was renamed Place Louis XVI.
In 1560, during the French Wars of Religion, a conspiracy by members of the Huguenot House of Bourbon against the House of Guise that virtually ruled France in the name of the young Francis II was uncovered by the comte de Guise and stifled by a series of hangings, which took a month to carry out.
“ Réunion ” was the name given to the island in 1793 by a decree of the Convention with the fall of the House of Bourbon in France, and the name commemorates the union of revolutionaries from Marseille with the National Guard in Paris, which took place on 10 August 1792.
The island was invaded by a Royal Navy squadron led by Commodore Josias Rowley in 1810, who used the old name of “ Bourbon ”.
When it was restored to France by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the island retained the name of " Bourbon " until the fall of the restored Bourbons during the French Revolution of 1848, when the island was once again given the name “ Réunion ”.
This Bourbon County is from which Bourbon whiskey evolved its name.
Bourbon whiskey derives its name from the original Bourbon County, which in 1786 covered most of what is now northeastern Kentucky but was still part of Virginia.
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