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The Bronze Star Medal may be awarded by the Secretary of a military department or the Secretary of Homeland Security with regard to the Coast Guard when not operating as a service in the Navy, or by such military commanders, or other appropriate officers as the Secretary concerned may designate, to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or Coast Guard of the United States, after 6 December 1941, distinguishes, or has distinguished, himself by heroic or meritorious achievement or service, not involving participation in aerial flight —
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Bronze and Star
* Bronze Bauhinia Star, the lowest rank in Order of the Bauhinia Star, an honours system Hong Kong
The Bronze Star Medal or Bronze Star is an individual military decoration of the United States Armed Forces that may be awarded for acts of heroism, acts of merit, or meritorious service in a combat zone.
The Bronze Star Medal was established by Executive Order 9419, 4 February 1944 ( superseded by Executive Order 11046, 24 August 1962, as amended by Executive Order 13286, 28 February 2003 ).
The Bronze Star Medal is awarded only to service members in combat who are receiving imminent danger pay.
The Bronze Star Medal ( without the " V " device ) may be awarded to each member of the Armed Forces of the United States who, after 6 December 1941, was cited in orders or awarded a certificate for exemplary conduct in ground combat against an armed enemy after 7 December 1941.
Documents executed since 4 August 1944 in connection with recommendations for the award of decorations of higher degree than the Bronze Star Medal cannot be used as the basis for an award under this paragraph.
The Bronze Star Medal was conceived by Colonel Russell P. " Red " Reeder in 1943, who believed it would aid morale if there was a medal which could be awarded by captains of companies or batteries to deserving people serving under them.
President Roosevelt authorized the Bronze Star Medal by Executive Order 9419 dated 4 February 1944, retroactive to 7 December 1941.
Since the award criteria state that the Bronze Star Medal may be awarded to " any person ... while serving in any capacity in or with " the U. S. Armed Forces, awards to members of foreign armed services serving with the United States are permitted.
Thus, a number of Allied soldiers received the Bronze Star Medal in World War II, as well as U. N. soldiers in the Korean War, Vietnamese and allied forces in the Vietnam War, and coalition forces in recent military operations such as the Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom and the Iraq War.
A number of Bronze Star Medals with the " V " device were awarded to veterans of the Battle of Mogadishu.
As a result of a study conducted in 1947, the policy was implemented that authorized the retroactive award of the Bronze Star Medal ( w / o " V ") to soldiers who had received the Combat Infantryman Badge or the Combat Medical Badge during World War II.
The basis for doing this was that the badges were awarded only to soldiers who had borne the hardships which resulted in General Marshall's support of the Bronze Star Medal.
In 2012, the US Air Force alleged that two of its female airmen were subjected to cyber-bullying after receiving Bronze Star Medals for meritorious non-combat service.
The awards sparked a debate as to whether or not the Air Force was awarding too many medals to its members, and whether the Bronze Star should be awarded for non-combat service.
The Air Force contended that meritorious service awards of the Bronze Star outnumber valor awards, and that it views awards on a case-by-case basis to maintain the integrity of the award.
The Department of Defense investigated the award of the Bronze Star Medal ( BSM ) by the USAF to some 185 individuals after operations in Kosovo in 1999.
The Bronze Star Medal was designed by Rudolf Freund ( 1878 – 1960 ) of jewelry firm Bailey, Banks & Biddle.
The Bronze Star Medal is a bronze star in circumscribing diameter.
Additional awards of the Bronze Star Medal are denoted by oak leaf clusters in the Army and Air Force and 5 / 16 inch stars in the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.
Bronze and Medal
The Bronze Star Medal with the " V " device is the United States military's fourth highest award for valor.
* Category: Recipients of the Bronze Star Medal
it: Bronze Star Medal
no: Bronze Star Medal
Category: Recipients of the Bronze Star Medal
Category: Recipients of the Bronze Star Medal
As a lieutenant from HMS Agincourt during the Egyptian war, he commanded a rifle company in the Naval Brigade at Ismailia and earned the Egyptian Medal and the Khedive's Bronze Star for this action.
Category: Recipients of the Bronze Star Medal
Bronze and may
Climatically, the Holocene may be divided evenly into the Hypsithermal and Neoglacial periods ; the boundary coincides with the start of the Bronze Age in European civilization.
South-Western Finland belonged to the Nordic Bronze Age, which may be associated with Indo-European languages and according to Finnish Germanist Jorma Koivulehto speakers of Proto-Germanic language in particular.
It is also widely held by scholars that the island was not occupied by humans during the Middle Bronze Age ( 2300 – 1600 ), though researchers have recently suggested that the lack of evidence from this period may only demonstrate the lack of excavations on Chios and the northern Aegean.
Many scholars believe that there is a historical core to the tale, though this may simply mean that the Homeric stories are a fusion of various tales of sieges and expeditions by Mycenaean Greeks during the Bronze Age.
The introduction of Celtic language in the Bronze Age may have been a result of immigration on a smaller scale.
The Bronze Age is often held to have begun around 900-800 BC in Korea, though the transition to the Bronze age may have begun as far back as 2300 BC.
If this is so, the Sherden, pushed by Hittite expansionism of the Late Bronze Age and prompted by the famine that affected this region at the same time, may have been pushed to the Aegean islands, where shortage of space led them to seek adventure and expansion overseas.
It is a Norse word, although the site may be older still, perhaps even from the Bronze Age.
In this way Thor, as well as Odin, may be seen to continue the cult of the sky god which was known in the Bronze Age.
It is mostly taken as synonymous with the Semitic Israelites, especially in the pre-monarchic period when they were still nomadic, but in some instances it may also be used in a wider sense, referring to the group known as Shasu of Yhw on the eve of the Bronze Age collapse .< ref > The Electronic Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary < http :// psd. museum. upenn. edu / epsd /> s. v.
In western Anatolia, many toponyms with the "- ss -" infix derive from the adjectival suffix also seen in cuneiform Luwian and some Palaic ; the classic example is Bronze Age Tarhuntassa ( loosely, " City of the Storm God Tarhunta "), and later Parnassus may be related to the Hittite word parna-or " house ".
For valorous actions in direct contact with an enemy force, but of a lesser degree than required for the award of the Bronze Star Medal, the " V " Device or Combat " V " may be authorized for wear on the service and suspension ribbon of the medal.
Copper retoucheurs to facilitate this process were widely employed in the Early Bronze Age – and may therefore be associated with Beaker Culture in northwestern Europe.
Bronze is sufficiently corrosion-resistant that artifacts of bronze may last thousands of years relatively unscathed.
Similar Bronze Age structures are rare, and they may be significant in providing information about early timber construction methods.
Other examples may date as late as the Early Bronze Age, but the well known prolific and sophisticated Magdalenian style seen at Lascaux in France ( c. 15, 000 BCE ) and Altamira in Spain died out about 10, 000 BCE, coinciding with the advent of the Neolithic period.
However, evidence from Carbon Dating suggests that the stone circle which encircled Newgrange may not be contemporary with the monument itself but was placed there some 1, 000 years later in the Bronze Age.
Bronze dishes ( phalerae ) may have been sewn on a leather armour.
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