* Buddha games list, the earliest known list of games

The earliest foundations of Ayurveda were built on a synthesis of traditional herbal practices together with a massive addition of theoretical conceptualizations, new nosologies and new therapies dating from about 400 BCE onwards, and coming out of the communities of thinkers who included the Buddha and others.

Some of the earliest recorded speculations linked mind ( sometimes described as identical with soul or spirit ) to theories concerning both life after death, and cosmological and natural order, for example in the doctrines of Zoroaster, the Buddha, Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek, Indian and, later, Islamic and medieval European philosophers.

The Pali Canon contains the earliest written detailed discussion of nirvana and the concept has thus become most associated with the teaching of the historical Buddha.

The earliest documented materialist in India is Ajita Kesakambali, a senior contemporary of the Buddha ( sixth / fifth century BCE ).

It is one of the earliest works declaring Gautama Buddha to have been a manifestation of Vishnu, and seems to draw upon the Vishnu Purana in its mention of Kalki.

The earliest legend narrated to the iconic emerald image of the Buddha is that of Nagasena, a saint in India who with the help of Hindu god, Vishnu and demigod Indra got the Emerald Buddha image made, 500 years after Buddha attained Nirvana, from the precious stone of Emerald.

The Lankavatara Sutra " appears to be one of the earliest attempts to provide a philosophical justification for the Absolutism that emerged in Mahayana in relation to the concept of Buddha ".

Jan Nattier has noted that in some of the earliest Mahāyāna texts such as the Ugraparipṛccha Sūtra use the term " Mahāyāna ", yet there is no doctrinal difference between Mahāyāna in this context and the early schools, and that " Mahāyāna " referred rather to the rigorous emulation of Gautama Buddha in the path of a bodhisattva seeking to become a fully enlightened buddha.

Some scholars have traditionally considered the earliest Mahāyāna sūtras to include the very first versions of the Prajñāpāramitā series, along with texts concerning Akṣobhya Buddha, which were probably composed in the 1st century BCE in the south of India.

The expression Three Gems are found in the earliest Buddhist literature of the Pali Canon, besides other works there is one sutta in the Sutta-nipata, called the Ratana-sutta which contains a series of verses on the Jewels in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.

* The Arhat Garden ( 十八羅漢 ): Located on the left of the temple, it contains 18 statues of the earliest known disciples of the Buddha.

The earliest known image of the Buddha with approximate indications on date is the Bimaran casket, which has been found buried with coins of the Indo-Scythian king Azes II ( or possibly Azes I ), indicating a 30-10 BCE date, although this date is not undisputed.

The earliest Hellenistic statues of the Buddha portray him in a style reminiscent of a king, where the traditional Buddhist symbols ( the Dharma wheel, the empty throne, the Bodhi tree, the lions ) are absent.

Some of the earliest known Buddhist artifacts found in China are small statues on " money trees ", dated circa 200 CE, in typical Gandharan style ( drawing ): " That the imported images accompanying the newly arrived doctrine came from Gandhara is strongly suggested by such early Gandhara characteristics on this " money tree " Buddha as the high ushnisha, vertical arrangement of the hair, moustache, symmetrically looped robe and parallel incisions for the folds of the arms.

Elder Subhūti addresses the Buddha, in the earliest dated printed book ( Diamond Sūtra ).

Azes is connected to the Bimaran casket, one of the earliest representations of the Buddha.

Azes II is also connected to the Bimaran casket, one of the earliest representations of the Buddha.

There are no extant representations of the Buddha represented in artistic form until roughly the 2nd century CE, partly due to the prominence of aniconism in the earliest extant period of Buddhist devotial statuary and bas reliefs.

The earliest phase of Buddhism was generally aniconic, with the Buddha being represented as symbols such as a footprint, an empty chair, a riderless horse, or an umbrella.

Translations of the texts, mostly from Kharoṣṭhī script, have produced the earliest known versions of significant Buddhist scriptures, including: a Dhammapada, discourses of Buddha that include the Rhinoceros Horn Sutra, Avadanas, and Abhidharma texts.

The word " Bhagava " has also been used to describe the Buddha in the earliest Pali texts.

According to this theory, the cycle of philosophical upheavals that in part drove the diversification of Buddhism into its many schools and sects only began once Buddhists began attempting to make explicit the implicit philosophy of the Buddha and the early suttas.

For many Buddhists, the Dharma most often means the body of teachings expounded by the Buddha.

For practicing Buddhists, references to " dharma " ( dhamma in Pali ) particularly as " the Dharma ", generally means the teachings of the Buddha, commonly known throughout the East as Buddha-Dharma.

The Buddhists have always maintained that during the time of Buddha and Mahavira ( who, according to the Pali canon, were contemporaries ), Jainism was already an ancient, deeply entrenched faith and culture there.

The actual process of change from one life to the next is called punarbhava ( Sanskrit ) or punabbhava ( Pāli ), literally " becoming again ", or more briefly bhava, " becoming ", and some English-speaking Buddhists prefer the term " rebirth " or " re-becoming " to render this term as they take " reincarnation " to imply a fixed entity that is reborn .< ref >" Reincarnation in Buddhism: What the Buddha Didn't Teach " By Barbara O ' Brien, About. com < sup > Popular Jain cosmology and Buddhist cosmology as well as a number of schools of Hinduism posit rebirth in many worlds and in varied forms.

For example, he linked Amaterasu ( the sun goddess and ancestor of the Imperial family ) with Dainichi Nyorai, a central manifestation of the Buddhists, whose name means literally " Great Sun Buddha ".

** Hue Vesak shootings: The Army of the Republic of Vietnam opens fire on Buddhists who defy a ban on the flying of the Buddhist flag on Vesak, the birthday of Gautama Buddha, killing nine.

The decision to agree to celebrate the Vesākha as the Buddha ’ s birthday was formalized at the first Conference of the World Fellowship of Buddhists held in Sri Lanka in 1950, although festivals at this time in the Buddhist world are a centuries-old tradition.

On Vesākha Day, Buddhists all over the world commemorate events of significance to Buddhists of all traditions: The birth, enlightenment and the passing away of Gautama Buddha.

On Vesākha day, devout Buddhists and followers alike are expected and requested to assemble in their various temples before dawn for the ceremonial, and honorable, hoisting of the Buddhist flag and the singing of hymns in praise of the holy triple gem: The Buddha, The Dharma ( his teachings ), and The Sangha ( his disciples ).

Buddhists are reminded to live in harmony with people of other faiths and to respect the beliefs of other people as the Buddha had taught.

The Buddha avatar, which occurs in different versions in various Puranas, may represent an attempt by orthodox Brahminism to slander the Buddhists by identifying them with the demons.

Buddhists do not consider Siddhartha Gautama to have been the only Buddha.

Some Buddhists meditate on ( or contemplate ) the Buddha as having ten characteristics ( Ch ./ Jp.

Some Hindus believe the Buddha accepted and incorporated many tenets of Hinduism in his doctrine, however, Buddhists disagree and state there was no such thing as Hinduism at the time of Buddha and in fact, " Indeed, it absorbed so many Buddhist traits that it is virtually impossible to distinguish the latter in medieval and later Hinduism.

In May 1963, in the central city of Huế, where Thục was archbishop, Buddhists were prohibited from displaying the Buddhist flag during Vesak celebrations commemorating the birth of Gautama Buddha, when the government cited a regulation prohibiting the display of non-government flags at Thục's request.

For Buddhists, Bodh Gaya is the most important of the main four pilgrimage sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha, the other three being Kushinagar, Lumbini, and Sarnath.

Once a year, during the full moon in May or June, Buddhists in Indonesia observe Vesak () day commemorating the birth, death, and the time when Siddhārtha Gautama attained the highest wisdom to become the Buddha Shakyamuni.

For Sangharakshita, as with other Buddhists, the factor that unites all Buddhist schools is not any particular teaching, but the act of " going for refuge " ( sarana-gamana ), which he regards " not simply as a formula but as a life-changing event " and as an ongoing " reorientation of one's life away from mundane concerns to the values embodied in the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.

A stupa ( from Sanskrit: m., स ् त ू प, stūpa, Sinhalese: ස ් ථ ූ පය, Pāli: थ ु प " thūpa ", literally meaning " heap ") is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the remains of Buddha, used by Buddhists as a place of worship.

Many Buddhists at that time felt that the Dharma of the Buddha had declined to such a point that people could not do it themselves anymore, a concept called mappo in Japanese, a Mahayana eschatology that claims that the ability to practice Dharma properly declines over time.

Eligible girls are Buddhists from the Newar Shakya caste ( the clan to which the Buddha belonged ) of silver and goldsmiths.