Among the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy, the ultimate nature of the world is described as emptiness, which is inseparable from sensorial objects or anything else.

Contemporary research suggests that these works are datable to a significantly later period in Buddhist history ( late eighth or early ninth century ), but the tradition of which they are a part maintains that they are the work of the Madhyamaka Nāgārjuna and his school.

Shantideva ( Sk: Śāntideva ; Zh: 寂天 ; Tib: ཞ ི་ བ ་ ལ ྷ། ( Shyiwa Lha, Wylie: zhi ba lha ); Mn: Шантидэва гэгээн ) was an 8th-century Indian Buddhist scholar at Nalanda University and an adherent of the Madhyamaka philosophy of Nagarjuna.

There are no non-Christian houses of worship within Pocklington, but Kilnwick Hall, just outside Pocklington, is home to a large resident Madhyamaka Buddhist Meditation Retreat Centre.

For the Madhyamaka Buddhists, ' Emptiness ' ( also known as Anatta or Anatman ) is the strong assertion that all phenomena are empty of any essence, and that anti-essentialism lies at the root of Buddhist praxis and it is the innate belief in essence that is considered to be an afflictive obscuration which serves as the root of all suffering.

Madhyamaka ( Sanskrit: मध ् यमक, Madhyamaka, ; also known as Śunyavada ) refers primarily to a Mahāyāna Buddhist school of philosophy founded by Nagarjuna.

Buddhist texts composed in Sanskrit proper were primarily found in philosophical schools like the Madhyamaka.

He studied Abhidharma and Madhyamaka philosophy, and soon began teaching Buddhist canonical texts to several students there.

150 – 250 CE ) was an important Buddhist teacher and philosopher.

In the 5th century AD, the Buddhist atomist philosopher Dignāga proposed atoms to be point-sized, durationless, and made of energy.

* Zhi Dun, Chinese Buddhist monk and philosopher ( b. 314 )

* Jinul, Korean Buddhist philosopher

* Sengzhao, Chinese Buddhist philosopher ( d. 414 )

* Zhi Dun, Chinese Buddhist monk and philosopher ( d. 366 )

* Similarly, all mind-made distinctions are understood as " collapsing " in the enlightened understanding of emptiness ( a tradition traced back to the Buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna )

Wonhyo's commentaries were very important in shaping the thought of the preeminent Chinese Buddhist philosopher Fazang, and Woncheuk's commentary on the Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra had a strong influence in Tibetan Buddhism.

The American philosopher Henry David Thoreau translated a Buddhist sutra from French into English.

Ryoju Kikuchi ( aka Tamo Samma, Tamo-San ) ( 190 ?- 2001 ) was a Buddhist priestess and great philosopher.

He became a Buddhist and is remembered in Buddhists records due to his discussions with a great Buddhist philosopher, Nāgasena, in the book Milinda Panha.

In France the well-known philosopher Gabriel Marcel edited a book, ' Un Changement d ' Espérance à la Rencontre du Réarmament Moral ', which brings together the stories of a French socialist leader, Brazilian docker, an African chief, a Buddhist abbot, a Canadian industrialist and many others who found a new approach through MRA.

The philosopher Hegesias of Cyrene, from the city of Cyrene where Magas ruled in Cyrenaica, is sometimes thought to have been influenced by the teachings of Ashoka's Buddhist missionaries.

Mäll was inspired to become a Buddhist and buddhologist by well-known Estonian theologian and philosopher Uku Masing in the early 1960s.

, Japanese, Buddhist philosopher, educator, and nationalist ; one of the most influential Buddhists of the Meiji era.

Masao Abe was a Japanese academic in comparative religion ( concluding as emeritus professor at Nara University ), and a Buddhist philosopher.

Furthermore, the prominent 8th-century CE Hindu philosopher Shankara developed a monastic order on the Buddhist model, and also borrowed concepts from Buddhist philosophy.

In particular, he was not a contemporary of the great Indian Buddhist philosopher, Dharmakirti.

:* Nagarjuna, Buddhist philosopher, who did the same in the East

The Doctrine of Awakening: The Attainment of Self-Mastery According to the Earliest Buddhist Texts is a book by philosopher and racial theorist Julius Evola.

In the 2nd century, the Buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna refined the Catuskoti form of logic.

Xiong Shili (, 1885 — May 23, 1968 ) was a modern Chinese philosopher whose major work A New Treatise on Consciousness-only ( 新唯識論, Xin Weishi Lun ) is a Confucian critique of the Buddhist " consciousness-only " theory popularized in China by the Tang Dynasty pilgrim Xuanzang.

Among the many Buddhist lineages he studied, practiced and transmitted the three main lineages were the Lineage of the Profound Action transmitted by Maitreya / Asaṅga, Vasubandhu, the Lineage of Profound View transmitted by Manjushri / Nagarjuna, Chandrakirti, and the Lineage of Profound Experience transmitted by Vajradhara / Tilopa, Naropa.

The texts include his commentaries on the Mulamadhyamakakarika or Fundamental Stanzas on Wisdom by Nagarjuna ; the Introduction to the Middle Way ( Sanskrit: Madhyamakāvatāra ) of Chandrakirti ; the Quintessence of all Courses of Ultimate Wisdom ( Jnanasarasamuccaya ) of Aryadeva ; commentaries on the major works of the Indian Buddhist logicians Dharmakirti and Dignaga ; commentaries on the Five Treatises of Maitreya most notably, the Abhisamayalamkara ; commentaries on several works of Vasubandhu including the Abhidharmakosha.

Unlike in Hindu and Jain sources, in ancient Buddhist texts ahimsa ( or its Pāli cognate ) is not used as a technical term.

The language used by this approach is primarily negative, and the tathāgatagarbha genre of sutras can be seen as an attempt to state orthodox Buddhist teachings of dependent origination using positive language instead, to prevent people from being turned away from Buddhism by a false impression of nihilism.

In these sutras the perfection of the wisdom of not-self is stated to be the true self ; the ultimate goal of the path is then characterized using a range of positive language that had been used previously in Indian philosophy by essentialist philosophers, but which was now transmuted into a new Buddhist vocabulary to describe a being who has successfully completed the Buddhist path.

In Thailand, where the Thai solar calendar is used, the months and days have adopted the western standard, although the years are still based on the traditional Buddhist calendar.

In Buddhist literature the Sanskrit term cakra ( Pali cakka ) is used in a different sense of " circle ," referring to a Buddhist conception of the Cycle of Rebirth consisting of six states in which beings may be reborn.

Early Buddhist and Jaina sources used-to refer to a people of south India ( presumably Tamil );-was a southern non-Aryan country ; -,, and-were used as variants to designate a country in the south (, Kādambarī, Daśakumāracarita -, fourth to seventh centuries CE ) ( 1989: 134 – 138 ).

The word is also used in Buddhist phenomenology as a term roughly equivalent to phenomenon, a basic unit of existence and / or experience.

Daena has been used to mean religion, faith, law, even worship as a translation for the Hindu and Buddhist term Dharma, often interpreted as " duty " or social order, right conduct, or virtue.

Rather than maintaining a bureaucracy based on names and reputation, the Khmer Rouge also used charismatic leadership that is characteristic of Buddhist societies.

This text was in the same script used in the ancient Buddhist centres of learning in Nalanda and Vikramashila.

Preference for these titles generally depends on the school to which a person belongs, with " Shōnin " being commonly used within Nichiren Shū, which regards Nichiren as a Buddhist reformer and embodiment of Bodhisattva Superior Practices, while " Daishōnin " is the title used by followers of most, but not all, of the schools and temples derived from the Nikkō lineage, most notably the Sōka Gakkai, who regard Nichiren as ' The Buddha of the Latter Day of the Law ' and also Nichiren Shōshū, who regard Nichiren as ' The True Buddha ', or ' Buddha of True Cause '.

Although oil paint was first used for the Buddhist Paintings by Indian and Chinese painters in western Afghanistan sometime between the fifth and ninth centuries, it did not gain popularity until the 15th century.

Some scholars restrict the use of the term " Prakrit " to the languages used by Hindu and Jain writers only ; others include the Buddhist languages, such as Pali and Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, and the inscriptional Prakrits.

They are used in most Buddhist schools.

Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a ceremonial language in Hindu religious rituals and Buddhist practice in the forms of hymns and mantras.

However, turmeric is commonly used in Indian and Bangladeshi clothing, such as saris and Buddhist monks ' robes.

The tenet system is used in the monasteries and colleges to teach Buddhist philosophy in a systematic and progressive fashion, each philosophical view being more subtle than its predecessor.

The word " Tāntrika " is used for followers of the Tantras in Shaivism, but Buddhist practices based on the Tantras do not use the word Tantric to refer to themselves.

* This is the base year ( year zero ) of the Saka era used by some Hindu calendars, the Indian national calendar, and the Cambodian Buddhist calendar.

Zanabazar had created it for the translation of Buddhist texts from Sanskrit or Tibetan, and both he and his students used it extensively for that purpose.