* 681 – Bulgaria is founded as a Khanate on the south bank of the Danube after defeating the Byzantine armies of Emperor Constantine IV south of the Danube delta.

* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.

* 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexius I.

* 1018 – Byzantine general Eustathios Daphnomeles blinds and captures Ibatzes of Bulgaria by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor Basil II's conquest of Bulgaria.

* Alexander, Byzantine Emperor ( 912 – 913 )

* Alexander ( emperor ), Byzantine Emperor ( 912 – 913 )

Alexios II Komnenos or Alexius II Comnenus () ( 10 September 1169 – 24 September 1183, Constantinople ), Byzantine emperor ( 1180 – 1183 ), was the son of Emperor Manuel I Komnenos and Maria, daughter of Raymond, prince of Antioch.

Alexios III Angelos () ( c. 1153 – 1211 ) was Byzantine Emperor from 1195 to 1203.

Alexios V Doukas, surnamed Mourtzouphlos (, d. December 1205, Constantinople ) was Byzantine Emperor ( 5 February – 12 April 1204 ) during the second and final siege of Constantinople by the participants of the Fourth Crusade.

He was the last Byzantine Emperor to reign in Constantinople before the establishment of the Latin Empire, which controlled the city for the next 57 years, until it was recovered by the Nicaean Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos.

* Anastasius I ( emperor ) ( 430 – 518 ), Roman ( Byzantine ) Emperor from 491 to 518

In spite of several not insignificant reverses at the hands of Bulgarians, Serbians, and Ottomans, the Emperor had provided the Empire with active leadership, had cooperated with able administrators, and had come closer than any of his predecessors in re-establishing Byzantine control over the Greek peninsula.

Andronikos I Komnenos ( or Andronicus I Comnenus, ; c. 1118 – September 12, 1185 ) was Byzantine Emperor from 1183 to 1185 ).

However, as Andronikos ' rule went on, the Emperor became increasingly paranoid and violent – in September 1185, Andronikos ordered the execution of all prisoners, exiles and their families for collusion with the invaders – and the Byzantine Empire descended into a terror state.

* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter ( Enkyklikon ) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.

Arcadius (; ; 377 / 378 – 1 May 408 ) was the Byzantine Emperor from 395 until his death in 408.

This could be either the normal military dress, with a tunic to about the knees, armour breastplate and pteruges, but also often the specific dress of the bodyguard of the Byzantine Emperor, with a long tunic and the loros, a long gold and jewelled pallium restricted to the Imperial family and their closest guards.

* 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.

According to the work De Administrando Imperio written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, the Croats had arrived in what is today Croatia in the early 7th century, however that claim is disputed and competing hypotheses date the event between the 6th and the 9th centuries.

In the sixth century, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian oversaw the consolidation of Roman civil law.

At the Istanbul Archaeological Museum a marble plate contains a law by the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I ( 491-518 AD ), that regulated fees for passage through the customs office of the Dardanelles ( see image to the right ).

* 1025 – Basil II, Byzantine Emperor ( b. 958 )

* 627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh.

Andronikos III Palaiologos, Latinized as Andronicus III Palaeologus (; 25 March 1297 – 15 June 1341 ) was Byzantine emperor from 1328 to 1341, after being rival emperor since 1321.

The subsequent years witnessed the gradual extinction of Byzantine rule in Asia Minor, as Orhan of the Ottoman Turks, who had already defeated Andronikos III at Pelekanos in 1329, took Nicaea in 1331 and Nicomedia in 1337.

Despite these troubles Andronikos III secured the extension of Byzantine control over Thessaly in 1333 and Epirus in 1337, by taking advantage of succession crises in these principalities.

Andronikos III reorganized the Byzantine navy ( consisted of 10 ships by 1332 ) and reformed the judicial system by forming a panel of four universal judges whom he designated " Universal Justices of the Romans ".

Under Andronikos the Byzantine Empire came closest to regaining a position of power in the Balkan Peninsula since the Fourth Crusade.

Yet none of this was due to a lack of leadership on Andronikos ' part and his reign could be said to end before the Byzantine Empire's position became untenable due to the ensuing civil war which consumed the empire's remaining resources on Andronikos's death.

Andronikos II Palaiologos () ( 25 March 1259 – 13 February 1332 ), Latinized as Andronicus II Palaeologus, was Byzantine emperor from 1282 to 1328.

Andronikos II was also plagued by economic difficulties and during his reign the value of the Byzantine hyperpyron depreciated precipitously while the state treasury accumulated less than one seventh the revenue ( in nominal coins ) that it had done previously.

Seeking to increase revenue and reduce expenses, Andronikos II raised taxes and reduced tax exemptions, and dismantled the Byzantine fleet ( 80 ships ) in 1285, thereby making the Empire increasingly dependent on the rival republics of Venice and Genoa.

Andronikos II Palaiologos sought to resolve some of the problems facing the Byzantine Empire through diplomacy.

In spite of the resolution of problems in Europe, Andronikos II was faced with the collapse of the Byzantine frontier in Asia Minor, despite the successful, but short, governorships of Alexios Philanthropenos and John Tarchaneiotes.

The defection of the commander of the Byzantine navy, megas doux Andronikos Kontostephanos, and the general Andronikos Angelos, played a key role in allowing the rebellious forces to enter Constantinople.

* 1259 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor ( d. 1332 )

* 1297 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor ( d. 1341 )

The majority of these areas were under Byzantine rule and he won his first battle, at Pelekanon, against the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos.

** Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor ( d. 1341 )

** Andronikos IV Palaiologos, The Byzantine Emperor

* June 15 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor ( b. 1297 )

* Byzantine co-emperor Andronikos IV Palaiologos rebels against his father, John V Palaiologos, for agreeing to let Constantinople become a vassal of the Ottoman Empire.

Andronikos IV Palaiologos is allowed to remain as Byzantine co-emperor but is confined to the city of Silivri for the remainder of his life.