Cerf credits Hubert Zimmerman and Louis Pouzin, designer of the CYCLADES network, with important influences on this design.

Various aspects of OSI design evolved from experiences with the ARPANET, the fledgling Internet, NPLNET, EIN, CYCLADES network and the work in IFIP WG6. 1.

Second, they were connectionless devices, which had no role in assuring that traffic was delivered reliably, leaving that entirely to the hosts ( this particular idea had been previously pioneered in the CYCLADES network ).

The term datagram appeared first within the project CYCLADES, a packet switching network created in the early 1970s, and was coined by Louis Pouzin by combining the words data and telegram.

CYCLADES was the first network to make the hosts responsible for the reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself, using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.

The term was coined by Louis Pouzin, a pioneer in packet-switching technology and founder of the CYCLADES network, at a time when network meant what is now called a local area network.

The CYCLADES packet switching network () was a French research network created in the early 1970s.

Data transmission was a state monopoly in France at the time, and IRIA needed a special dispensation to run the CYCLADES network.

As mentioned, the most important legacy of CYCLADES was in showing that moving the responsibility for reliability into the hosts was workable, and produced a well-functioning service network.

Louis Pouzin ( born 1931 in Chantenay-Saint-Imbert, Nièvre, France ) invented the datagram and designed an early packet communications network, CYCLADES.

CYCLADES was an experimental French network.

RCP was a virtual-circuit network in contrast to CYCLADES which was based on datagrams.

Prior to OSI, networking was largely either government-sponsored ( ARPANET, CYCLADES ) or vendor-developed and proprietary standards such as SNA and DECnet.

These concepts were later used in the Internet protocol ; CYCLADES was one of the predecessor systems with the greatest technical influence on the Internet.

CYCLADES was designed and directed by Louis Pouzin.

RCP emphasised terminal to host and terminal to terminal connection ; CYCLADES was concerned with host-to-host communication.

Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols.

CYCLADES used a layered architecture, as did the Internet.

Louis Pouzin and the CYCLADES alumni initiated a number of follow-on projects at IRIA to experiment with local area networks, satellite networks, the Unix operating system, and the message passing operating system Chorus.

Hubert Zimmerman used his experience in CYCLADES to influence the design of the OSI 7 layer model, which is still an extremely common pedagogical device.

CYCLADES alumni and researchers at IRIA / INRIA were also influential in spreading the Internet in France, eventually witnessing the success of the datagram-based Internet, and the demise of the X. 25 and ATM virtual circuit networks.

The Prince took her with him on every tour around the area, and it was rumored he was utilizing her knowledge of Constantinople as part of his espionage network.

In any case, anyone who fails to make significant distinction between primary and secondary applications of economic pressure would in principle already have justified that use of economic boycott as a means which broke out a few years ago or was skillfully organized by White Citizens' Councils in the entire state of Mississippi against every local Philco dealer in that state, in protest against a Philco-sponsored program over a national TV network on which was presented a drama showing, it seemed, a `` high yellow gal '' smooching with a white man.

ASCII itself was first used commercially during 1963 as a seven-bit teleprinter code for American Telephone & Telegraph's TWX ( TeletypeWriter eXchange ) network.

By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

In 1880, the Aachen tramway network was opened, and in 1895 it was electrified.

When the Viking raids resumed in 892, Alfred was better prepared to confront them with a standing, mobile field army, a network of garrisons, and a small fleet of ships navigating the rivers and estuaries.

At the centre of Alfred's reformed military defence system was a network of fortresses, or burhs, distributed at strategic points throughout the kingdom.

Guido Gelli, director of science at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( IBGE ), told the Brazilian TV network Globo in June 2007 that it could be considered as a fact that the Amazon was the longest river in the world.

Auschwitz concentration camp ( ) was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Tridgell was a major developer of the Samba software, analysing the Server Message Block protocol used for workgroup and network file sharing by Microsoft Windows products.

AIX was the first operating system to utilize journaling file systems, and IBM has continuously enhanced the software with features like processor, disk and network virtualization, dynamic hardware resource allocation ( including fractional processor units ), and reliability engineering ported from its mainframe designs.

This new system would not have to conform to any existing preconceptions, and was designed to be worthy of the Mac-a system that was user-installable, had zero-configuration, and no fixed network addresses-in short, a true plug-and-play network.

The AppleTalk address resolution protocol ( AARP ) allowed AppleTalk hosts to automatically generate their own network addresses, and the Name Binding Protocol ( NBP ) was a dynamic system for mapping network addresses to user-readable names.

RTMP was the protocol by which routers kept each other informed about the topology of the network.

This was the only part of AppleTalk that required periodic unsolicited broadcasts: every 10 seconds, each router had to send out a list of all the network numbers it knew about and how far away it thought they were.

ZIP was the protocol by which AppleTalk network numbers were associated with zone names.

A zone was a subdivision of the network that made sense to humans ( for example, " Accounting Department "); but while a network number had to be assigned to a topologically-contiguous section of the network, a zone could include several different discontiguous portions of the network.

He established the first Ottoman railroad network and Sirkeci Train Station in Istanbul, terminus of the Orient Express.

The Atari Lynx has several innovative features including it being the first color handheld, with a backlit display, a switchable right-handed / left-handed ( upside down ) configuration, and the ability to network with up to 17 other units via its " ComLynx " system ( though most games would network eight or fewer players ).

For many years he was the British postmaster for the colonies, which enabled him to set up the first national communications network.

However, the government resisted calls for the nationalisation of the network ( first proposed by William Ewart Gladstone as early as the 1830s ).

After using a crane shot in one of the first NBC-produced episodes, the network complained about the exorbitant cost of renting the crane.

As the anniversary of Confederation, Dominion Day, and later Canada Day, was the date set for a number of important events, such as the first national radio network hookup by the Canadian National Railway ( 1927 ), the inauguration of the CBC's cross-country television broadcast ( 1958 ), the flooding of the Saint Lawrence Seaway ( 1958 ), the first colour television transmission in Canada ( 1966 ), the inauguration of the Order of Canada ( 1967 ), and the establishment of " O Canada " as the country's national anthem ( 1980 ).

One of the first cognitive psychologists, George Miller is well known for dedicating his career to the development of WordNet, a semantic network for the English language.

This cycle is now recognized as the first part of the larger CNO nuclear burning network.

" During the first decade of the 21st century, a number of schools that were part of the Schechter network transformed themselves into non-affiliated community day schools.

The ITV network, like BBC1, began full colour transmissions on 15 November 1969 and it is therefore possible that the first transmitted colour episode is number 928 shown on 17 November.

Although the NIC at first used NLS, it was intended to be a production service to other network users, while Engelbart continued to focus on innovative research.

* 1992 – A test engineer for Sema Group uses a personal computer to send the world's first text message via the Vodafone network to the phone of a colleague.

After Disney acquired Saban during the third series, the first three series moved to the cable network ABC Family, while the fourth ( Frontier ) premiered on UPN.

The entire first series of Digimon Adventure was dubbed in English ( in order to compete with the 4Kids version of Pokémon which aired on the rival network GMA 7 on the same day and time ), along with Digimon Adventure 02.

The first film to be distributed through the network was Artisan Entertainment's STANDING IN THE SHADOWS OF MOTOWN.

DARPA supported the evolution of the ARPANET ( the first wide-area packet switching network ), Packet Radio Network, Packet Satellite Network and ultimately, the Internet and research in the artificial intelligence fields of speech recognition and signal processing, including parts of Shakey the robot.

In addition, as part of the first commercial implementation of DPNSS ( in the Government Telephone Network or GTN in 1983 ), BT insisted that the core of the network be made from PBXs of different manufacture to prove the interoperability in real life.

Thomas Edison built the world's first large-scale electrical supply network.

In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply network that provided 110 volts direct current to fifty-nine customers in lower Manhattan.

The SystemPro, being one of the first PC-style systems designed as a network server, was built from the ground up to take full advantage of the EISA bus.

This was not the first incident of apparent network censorship on Sullivan's show.