The total operation was a construction project comparable in magnitude with the Panama Canal, but in 1917 time was in short supply ; ;

There, in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century, the Jura water correction, the river, which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding, was diverted by the Hagneck Canal into Lake of Bienne.

West of Broadway as far as Canal Street was the city's fashionable residential area until circa 1825 ; landfill has more than tripled the area and the Hudson shore now lies far to the west, beyond TriBeCa and Battery Park City.

Another change was made on November 10, 1963, when Broadway became one-way southbound from Herald Square to Madison Square ( 23rd Street ) and Union Square ( 14th Street ) to Canal Street, and two routes — Sixth Avenue south of Herald Square and Centre Street, Lafayette Street, and Fourth Avenue south of Union Square — became one-way northbound.

However, the Canal du Midi was built using concrete in 1670, and there are concrete structures in Finland that date from the 16th century.

This was compounded by transportation problems-the coffee-growing areas were mainly on the Central Valley and only had access to the port in Puntarenas on the Pacific Coast, and before the Panama Canal was opened, ships from Europe had to sail around Cape Horn in order to get to the Pacific Coast.

By far the longest canal was the Grand Canal of China, still the longest canal in the world today, and the oldest extant one.

Canal building was revived in this age because of commercial expansion from the 12th century.

To break out of the limitations caused by river valleys, the first summit level canals were developed with the Grand Canal of China in 581 – 617 AD whilst in Europe the first, also using single locks, was the Stecknitz Canal in Germany in 1398.

The first to use pound locks was the Briare Canal connecting the Loire and Seine ( 1642 ), followed by the more ambitious Canal du Midi ( 1683 ) connecting the Atlantic to the Mediterranean.

As well as industrial uses, the Royal Military Canal on the Romney Marsh was built so as create a barrier against invading troops, and hiding places for British troops during the Napoleonic Wars.

The Erie Canal ( opened 1825 ) was chartered and owned by the state of New York and financed by bonds bought by private investors.

Assured of a market for their farm products the settlement of the U. S. mid-west was greatly accelerated by the Erie Canal.

The Erie Canal ( as well as other canals ) was instrumental in lowering the differences in commodity prices between these various markets across America.

The Rideau Canal was built as a result of the War of 1812 to provide military transportation between the British colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada as an alternative to part of the St. Lawrence River, which was susceptible to blockade by the United States.

Many notable sea canals were completed in this period, starting with the Suez Canal ( 1869 )-which carries tonnage many times that of most other canals-and the Kiel Canal ( 1897 ), though the Panama Canal was not opened until 1914.

Cape Breton Island is joined to the mainland by the Canso Causeway, which was completed in 1955, enabling direct road and rail traffic to and from the island, but requiring marine traffic to pass through the Canso Canal at the eastern end of the causeway.

Domestically, the Grand Canal was expanded and proved to be a stimulus to domestic trade.

They made it possible by measuring the Amazon downstream to the beginning of the tidal estuary of Canal do Sul and then, after a sharp turn back, following tidal canals surrounding the isle of Marajó and finally including the marine Waters of the Río Pará bay in its entire length.

After 1869 with the opening of the Suez Canal that allowed competition with steam vessels, the tea trade then collapsed for clippers.

The battle was a stalemate, but it had halted the Axis advance on Alexandria ( and then Cairo and ultimately the Suez Canal ).

During this time, ownership of the territory that is now the Panama Canal was first Colombian, then French and then American before coming under the control of the Panamanian government in 1999.

He is enlisted in this role by his aunts to bury their victims ' bodies in the cellar by asking him to dig " another lock for the Panama Canal ", then telling him someone has died of yellow fever and needs to be buried.

The physician William Gorgas then applied these insights and eradicated yellow fever from Havana, and fought yellow fever during the construction of the Panama Canal after a previous effort on the part of the French failed ( in part due to the high incidence of yellow fever and malaria ).

From then until July 12 he and his crew are hosted by Chinese military courier officers to travel along the Grand Canal of China, all the way to Beijing, and then finally back across the Yalu River into Korea.

Ogden was a leading promoter and investor in the Illinois and Michigan Canal, then switched his loyalty to railroads.

Telford's reputation in Shropshire led to his appointment in 1793 to manage the detailed design and construction of the Ellesmere Canal, linking the ironworks and collieries of Wrexham via the north-west Shropshire town of Ellesmere, with Chester, utilising the existing Chester Canal, and then the River Mersey.

Three miles ( 5 km ) from Hatton Top Lock the canal passes through Shrewley Tunnel, with its separate horse tunnel, and then passes Rowington village to Kingswood Junction where a short spur connects with the Stratford-upon-Avon Canal.

The Grand Canal was fully completed under the second Sui emperor, from the years 604 to 609, first by linking Luoyang to the Yangzhou ( and the Yangzi valley ), then expanding it to Hangzhou ( south ), and to Beijing ( north ).

During the Song and earlier periods, barge ships occasionally crashed and wrecked along the Shanyang Yundao section of the Grand Canal while passing the double slipways, and more often than not those were then robbed of the tax grain by local bandits.

Other freight charter work at this time included flights to the Suez Canal Zone supporting the UK military forces then stationed there.

Since then, UNTSO has also supervised the General Armistice Agreements of 1949 and the observation of the ceasefire in the Suez Canal area and the Golan Heights following the Six-Day War of June 1967.

Cases then pending in the Canal Zone court were transferred to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana in New Orleans.

In the peninsula's northeast corner, the highway then turns south, running along the eastern edge of the peninsula and along the western shore of Hood Canal, until the highway terminates at a junction with Interstate 5 in Olympia.

Subsequently, in an interview with TV channel Canal Plus, Bové stated that the wave of attacks against French synagogues then underway was being either arranged or fabricated by Mossad ( the Israeli secret service ).

Before the Grand Canal was rebuilt, grain was transferred to Beijing in two ways ; one route was simply via the East China Sea, from the port of Liujiagang ( near Suzhou ); the other was a far more laborious process of transferring the grain from large to small shallow barges ( after passing the Huai River and having to cross southwestern Shandong ), then transferred back to large river barges on the Yellow River before finally reaching Beijing.

Routes vary, either travelling through the Caribbean and then into the Pacific Ocean via the Panama Canal, or around Cape Horn.

At that point, again, routes may vary: one way is through the Suez Canal and into the Mediterranean ; the other is around Cape of Good Hope and then up the west coast of Africa.

The boats then linked with the Susquehanna and Tidewater Canal along the western shore at Wrightsville.

* 1957 – The Suez Canal is reopened for all shipping after being closed for three months.

* 1957 – Suez Crisis: The Suez Canal is reopened following the introduction of UNEF peacekeepers to the region.

After its dilapidation and disuse during the Yuan Dynasty and Hongwu's reign, the Yongle Emperor had the Grand Canal of China repaired and reopened in order to supply the new capital of Beijing in the north with a steady flow of goods and southern food supplies.

Suchet is vice-president of the Lichfield and Hatherton Canals Trust, whose most challenging achievement to date has been securing funding ( both via an appeal and from influencing government decisions ) concerning the building of the new M6 Toll motorway where it cuts the lines of the Lichfield Canal and the Hatherton Canal, both of which the Trust wishes to see reopened.

The role of project leader was taken over by Stroud District Council, and a new body, the Stroud Valleys Canal Company, was created in March 2009 to act as a holding company for the assets of the waterway, with a responsibiliry to manage and maintain it once it is reopened.

The city's oldest bridge, the sandstone bridge which carries Wisconsin Avenue over the C & O Canal, and which dates to 1831, was reopened to traffic on May 16, 2007, after a $ 3. 5 million restoration.

Reconstruction of Suez began soon after Egypt reopened the Suez Canal, following the October War with Israel.

Under the treaty, the Panamanians received $ 10 million, much of which the United States required to be invested in that country, plus annual payments of $ 250, 000 ; with those payments made, as well as for the purchase of the French company assets, the Canal Zone was formally turned over by Panama on May 4, 1904, when American officials reopened the Panama City offices of the canal company and raised the American flag.

In 2002, the Lachine Canal was reopened as a pleasure boating area, despite environmental concerns about heavy industrial contamination of its bottom, and the banks of the canal were redeveloped.

There are a number of branches off the Grand Canal, some of which have been closed and of these, some subsequently restored and reopened.

It closed in 1954, but may be reopened, as the closed section, now renamed the Lichfield Canal is the subject of an active restoration campaign.

Tourism is being promoted: the Huddersfield Narrow Canal was reopened in 2001 and boat trips into Standedge Canal Tunnel are available ; the National Trust advertises walks on Marsden Moor Estate ; and television programmes such as Last of the Summer Wine and Where the Heart Is have been filmed there.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Peak Forest Canal Society and the Inland Waterways Association campaigned for the restoration of the Peak Forest and Ashton Canals, and they reopened on 1 April 1974.

The tunnel was reopened in 1973, as a result of restoration, which had been a collaboration between local volunteers ( originally the Dudley Canal Tunnel Preservation Society, later the Dudley Canal Trust ), and the local authority, Dudley Borough Council.

The Ashton Canal, which joins the canal above lock 84, reopened in 1974, and the nine locks on the Rochdale Canal between the junction and the Bridgewater Canal were restored at that time.

The Rochdale is significant for leisure boating in that it is one of the three canals which cross the Pennines and thus join north-western canals with the waterways of the North East, as well as opening the possibilities of touring various Pennine Rings ( the Huddersfield Narrow Canal had reopened the year before, and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal had never closed ).

Thus the Retford and Worksop Boat Club was formed in February 1962 to campaign for the Chesterfield Canal, and the Marple Residents Association worked to get Marple aqueduct repaired and the Peak Forest Canal reopened,