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Carthaginian and right
When the Carthaginian cavalry attacked the Romans in the rear, and the African flanking echelons had assailed them on their right and left, the advance of the Roman infantry was brought to an abrupt halt.
Laelius, the commander of Roman left wing, charged against the Carthaginian right.
The Numidian king Massinissa, guest of the Carthaginian Hasdrubal, raises his right hand and is so greeted in return, once by the strongman Maciste.
Xanthippus is credited with the Carthaginian formation, cavalry split between the two wings, mercenary infantry on their right, with a hastily raised phalanx of civilians in the centre and a line of elephants in front of the infantry, which defeated the Romans formed in their normal formation, with the outnumbered cavalry on the wings and legionary infantry in the centre.
The top has a Carthaginian galley sailing on the sea while the lower part is divided vertically and on the right depicts a black lion seizing a silver scimitar.
Hasdrubal's best troops were Iberians, armed with shields and swords, made his right flank, along with the few African troops that he did have ( not much is known about these troops — they may have been spearmen drawn from some Carthaginian territory, or from another part of Africa ).
The battle started with the Roman left flank charging the Carthaginian right, followed a little later by the Roman center.
Seeing the futility in wasting further time attempting to reach them, he instead took half of his men and led them from behind the battling Roman lines to the extreme Roman left, swinging his troops around and crashing into the Carthaginian right flank with sudden force and intensity.
The Carthaginian right wing, composed of Iberians, could not withstand this two pronged attack of Marcus Livius from the front and Claudius Nero on their flank.
The disordered Carthaginian center now faced a three pronged attack: Porcius from the front, Marcus Livius from their right flank, and Claudius Nero from the rear.
File: Mohammad adil rais-battle of metaurus-C. PNG | Claudius Nero attacking the Carthaginian right wing at its flank, left unprotected by retreating cavalry.
File: Mohammad adil rais-battle of metaurus-D. PNG | Carthaginian right wing and cavalry routed followed by a three prong attack on Carthaginian center.
Xanthippus is credited with the Carthaginian deployment, with a hastily raised phalanx of civilians in the centre, mercenary infantry on their right and a line of elephants in front of the infantry, with the elite Carthaginian cavalry split between the two flanks.
According to Livy, Maharbal commanded the right wing of the Carthaginian army at the battle of Cannae.
After reinforcing his leading force, Scipio derived a pincer attack on the flanks of the Carthaginian main camp, by ordering Gaius Laelius to lead half of the remaining heavy foot to the right of the enemy position, and he himself scaling the left.

Carthaginian and wing
In addition, Scipio ordered the cavalry to blow loud horns to frighten the beasts, which partly succeeded, and several rampaging elephants turned towards the Carthaginian left wing and disordered it completely.
Seizing this opportunity, Masinissa led his Numidian cavalry and charged at the Carthaginian left wing, also composed of Numidian cavalry, and was unknowingly lured off the field.
Vulso ’ s squadron went after the Carthaginian left wing that was attacking the transport ships, while Regulus attacked Hanno.
The Roman Cavalry was placed on left wing in facing the Carthaginian cavalry.
File: Mohammad adil rais-battle of metaurus-B. PNG | Roman left wing, center and cavalry charging the respective Carthaginian forces.

Carthaginian and center
Attacks began with naval assaults on Lilybaeum, the center of Carthaginian power on Sicily, and a raid on Africa.
" Polybius describes the weak Carthaginian center as deployed in a crescent, curving out toward the Romans in the middle with the African troops on their flanks in echelon formation.
That being said, while the majority of historians feel that Hannibal's action was deliberate, there are those that have called this account fanciful, and claim that the actions of the day represent either the natural curvature that occurs when a broad front of infantry marches forward, or the bending back of the Carthaginian center from the shock action of meeting the heavily massed Roman center.
This also gave the Carthaginian cavalry time to drive the Roman cavalry off on both flanks and attack the Roman center in the rear.
Hannibal intentionally held back his third infantry line, in order to thwart Scipio's tendency to pin the Carthaginian center and envelop his opponent's lines, as he had previously done at the Battle of Ilipa.
Scipio now marched with his center towards the Carthaginian center, which was under the direct command of Hannibal.
The casualties are not stated, but the square of 10, 000 Roman infantry that broke the Carthaginian center effected " great slaughter " of African and Celtic troops.
The first two squadrons were the main ships to fight the center of the Carthaginian fleet.
They soon panicked and fled, collapsing onto the Carthaginian center and creating mass confusion.
By now the Roman cavalry had completely defeated the Carthaginian cavalry and with the retreat of the Carthaginian center a general retreat of Hasdrubal's army started.
Still refusing his center, Scipio ’ s legions, light troops, and cavalry attacked the half-trained Iberians on the Carthaginian wings from front, flank, and rear respectively.
The Carthaginian center was helpless to reinforce its wings with the threat of the Iberian force that was looming large in close distance but not yet attacking.
With the inevitable destruction of its wings, the Carthaginian center was further demoralized and confused by the trampling of their own maddened elephants which were being driven towards the center by the Roman cavalry attacking the flanks.

Carthaginian and held
There were three military theaters in this war: Italy, where Hannibal defeated the Roman legions repeatedly ; Hispania, where Hasdrubal, a younger brother of Hannibal, defended the Carthaginian colonial cities with mixed success until eventually retreating into Italy ; and Sicily, where the Romans held military supremacy.
En route, the Romans seize and burn the Carthaginian held cities of Selinous and Heraclea Minoa.
* The Romans under Fabius Maximus Cunctator capture Tarentum ( modern Taranto ), which the Carthaginian general Hannibal has held for three years.
* The Romans, led by Lucius Caecilius Metellus, attack the Carthaginian held port city of Panormus after taking Kephalodon.
The Mamertines allied with a nearby Carthaginian fleet and held off the Syracusans, but when the Carthaginians did not leave, the Mamertines appealed to Rome in 264 BC.
The defection of the people did not indeed in the first instance draw with it that of the towns: but Petelia and Consentia, which had at first held aloof, were speedily reduced by the Bruttians, assisted by a small Carthaginian force, and the more important cities of Locri and Crotona followed not long after.
Other Carthaginian synods concerning the lapsi were held in 252 and 254.

Carthaginian and their
Aeneas had a year-long affair with the Carthaginian queen Dido ( also known as Elissa ), who proposed that the Trojans settle in her land and that she and Aeneas reign jointly over their peoples.
This boarding-bridge allowed the Roman navy to circumvent some of Carthage's naval skills by using their marines to board Carthaginian ships and fight in hand to hand combat.
Moreover, the Roman Republic's ability to attract private investments in the war effort to fund ships and crews was one of the deciding factors of the war, particularly when contrasted with the Carthaginian nobility's apparent unwillingness to risk their fortunes for the common war effort.
The Romans then mounted two sieges of Capua, which fell in 211 BC, and completed their conquest of Syracuse and destruction of the Carthaginian army in Sicily.
Hannibal did not cross the Ebro River ( Saguntum was near modern Valencia – well south of the river ) in arms, and the Saguntines provoked his attack by attacking their neighboring tribes who were Carthaginian protectorates and by massacring pro-Punic factions in their city.
Its commanders, the brothers Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus and Publius Cornelius Scipio, knew that Hannibal had crossed the Ebro, but were surprised by the Carthaginian army's presence at the Rhone upstream of their ally Massalia, where they had landed.
These eventually defeated a Carthaginian scouting troop of 500 mounted Numidians and chased them back to their main camp.
In Iberia, Carthaginian rule was not popular, but Roman inaction during the siege of Saguntum had made the natives cautious about an alliance against their masters.
The 40 Carthaginian and Iberian vessels were severely defeated by the 55 Roman and Massalian ships in the second naval engagement of the war with about 3 / 4 of the fleet captured or sunk and the rest beaching their ships with the army on the shore.
In 213 BC he received Roman advisers to train his heavy infantry soldiers that had not yet been able to stand up to their Carthaginian counterparts.
In 218 BC, the Carthaginian navy was busy scouting the Sicilian waters and preparing for a surprise attack on their former key stronghold Lilybaeum on the western tip of the island.
Learning from their crews that a Carthaginian fleet was to attack Lilybaeum, Hiero II warned the Roman praetor Marcus Amellius there.
The Anguissola family had a strong connection to ancient Carthaginian history and named their first daughter after the tragic Carthaginian figure Sophonisba.
On arrival in Carthaginian territory, the mercenaries submit a demand to Hanno the Great for payment of their contracts.
The Halycus, which was established as the eastern boundary of the Carthaginian dominion in Sicily by the treaty of 383 BCE, seems to have generally continued to be so recognized, notwithstanding temporary interruptions ; and was again fixed as their limit by the treaty with Agathocles in 314 BCE.
Carthaginian forces succeeded in holding the site briefly during their struggles with Dionysios I, tyrant of Syracuse, in 394, but once they were gone the polis entered a three-way alliance which included Dionysios ' new colony at Tyndaris.
The Roman fleet is described on that occasion as touching at the promontory of Tyndaris, but the city had not yet fallen into their hands, and it was not till after the fall of Panormus ( modern Palermo ), in 254 BCE, that Tyndaris expelled the Carthaginian garrison and joined the Roman alliance.
They called the islands " Gorgades " in remembering the home of the mythical Gorgons killed by Perseus and afterwards-in typically ancient euhemerism-interpreted ( against the written original statement ) as the site where the Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator slew two female " Gorillai " and brought their skins into the temple of the female deity Tanit ( the Carthaginian Juno ) in Carthage.
According to Lawrence and Wolff, in 1984, there was a consensus among scholars that Carthaginian children were sacrificed by their parents, who would make a vow to kill the next child if the gods would grant them a favor: for instance that their shipment of goods were to arrive safely in a foreign port.
He fights against the Olcades and captures their capital, Althaea ; quells the Vaccaei in the northwest ; and, making the seaport of Cartagena ( Carthago Nova, the capital of Carthaginian Spain ) his base, wins a resounding victory over the Carpetani in the region of the Tagus River.
The revitalised Carthaginian army, led by Xanthippus, decisively defeat the Romans in the Battle of Tunis and capture their commander Marcus Atilius Regulus.

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