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The Carthaginians in the following spring ( 409 BCE ) sent over a vast army amounting, according to the lowest estimate, to 100, 000 men, with which Hannibal Mago ( the grandson of Hamilcar that was killed at Himera ) landed at Lilybaeum, and from thence marched direct to Selinunte.
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Carthaginians and following
Instead of following the remaining Carthaginians at sea, Duilius sailed to Sicily to retrieve control of the troops.
Despite the military defeats, he still retained the confidence of the Roman people: his term of command was extended and the following year found him in Hispania with his brother Calvus, winning victories over the Carthaginians and strengthening Rome's position in the Iberian peninsula.
The uprising was mostly caused by great changes in the ownership of land in Sicily following the final expulsion of the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War.
Instead of following the remaining Carthaginians at sea, Duilius sailed to Sicily to retrieve control of the troops.
Neither North Africa nor the Iberian Peninsula were strangers to Semitic culture: the Phoenicians and later the Carthaginians dominated the North African and Iberian shores for more than 8 centuries until they were suppressed by the Romans and by the following Vandal and Visigothic invasions.
The two earliest were built during the First Punic War, the first a Temple of Janus vowed by Gaius Duilius following his victory in a naval battle at Mylae with the Carthaginians in 260 BC.
Carthaginians and spring
The Carthaginians endured the siege starting 149 BC to the spring of 146 BC, when Scipio Aemilianus successfully assaulted the city.
The next spring the Carthaginians launched their last great effort to recover their Iberian holdings.
Carthaginians and 409
* 409 BC: The Carthaginians invade Sicily.
Following this failure they encouraged the Carthaginians to attack Selinus in 409 BC and succeeded in obtaining the destruction of their rivals.
) After the failure of this expedition the Chalcidic cities were naturally involved for a time in hostilities with Syracuse ; but these were suspended in 409 BC, by the danger which seemed to threaten all the Greek cities alike from the Carthaginians.
Carthaginians and BCE
The causes leading the Selinuntines to abandon the cause of the other Greeks, and take part with the Carthaginians during the great expedition of Hamilcar ( 480 BCE ) are unknown ; they had even promised to send a contingent to the Carthaginian army, which, however did not arrive till after its defeat
Shortly after, Hannibal destroyed the city walls, but gave permission to the surviving inhabitants to return and occupy it as tributaries of Carthage, an arrangement confirmed by the treaty subsequently concluded between Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, and the Carthaginians, in 405 BCE.
The Selinuntines are again mentioned in 397 BCE as declaring in favor of Dionysius during his war with Carthage ; but both the city and territory were again given up to the Carthaginians by the peace of 383 BCE ( Id.
But before the close of the war ( about 250 BCE ), when the Carthaginians were beginning to contract their operations, and confine themselves to the defense of as few points as possible, they removed all the inhabitants of Selinunte to Lilybaeum and destroyed the city
And though its territory was more than once laid waste by the Carthaginians, it was still one of the eighteen Latin colonies which in 209 BCE were at once able and willing to furnish the required quota of men and money for continuing the war.
The first historical mention of Entella is found in Diodorus, who tells us that in 404 BCE the Campanian mercenaries, who had been in the service of the Carthaginians during the war, having been admitted into the city on friendly terms, turned their arms against the inhabitants, put all the male citizens to the sword, and made themselves masters of the place, of which they retained possession for many years.
During the subsequent wars of Dionysius with the Carthaginians, the Campanian occupants of Entella sided with their former masters, and even continued faithful to their alliance in 396 BCE, when all the cities of Sicily except five went over to that of Dionysius.
It was not until 368 BCE that the Syracusan despot was able to reduce Entella ; the city appears to have still remained in the hands of the Campanians, but was now hostile to the Carthaginians, who ( in 345 BCE ) in consequence ravaged its territory, and blockaded the city itself.
The foundation of Himera is placed subsequent to that of Mylae ( as, from their relative positions, might naturally have been expected ) both by Strabo and Scymnus Chius: its date is not mentioned by Thucydides, but Diodorus tells us that it had existed 240 years at the time of its destruction by the Carthaginians, which would fix its first settlement in 648 BCE.
But Terillus was unable to resist the power of Theron, despot of Agrigentum ( modern Agrigento ), and, being expelled by him from Himera, had recourse to the assistance of the Carthaginians, a circumstance which became the immediate occasion of the first great expedition of that people to Sicily, 480 BCE.
But though we are told in general terms that the period which elapsed from this re-settlement of Himera till its destruction by the Carthaginians ( 461 – 408 BCE ), was one of peace and prosperity, the only notices we find of the city during this interval refer to the part it took at the time of the Athenian expedition to Sicily, 415 BCE.
Diodorus gives a somewhat different account of the foundation of Thermae, which he represents as established by the Carthaginians themselves before the close of the war, in 407 BCE.
Thus, in 314 BCE, Diodorus tells us that, by the treaty between Agathocles and the Carthaginians, it was stipulated that Heracleia, Selinus and Himera should continue subject to Carthage as they had been before.
After the fall of the latter city, we are told that Hermocrates, the Syracusan exile, who had established himself on its ruins with a numerous band of followers, laid waste the territories of Motya and Panormus ; and again during the second expedition of the Carthaginians under Hamilcar ( 407 BCE ), these two cities became the permanent station of the Carthaginian fleet.
Following the Punic Wars, the Romans replaced the Carthaginians as the dominant power in Catalonia by 206 BCE.
Carthaginians and sent
The Romans sent a garrison to secure Messina, so the outraged Carthaginians then lent aid to Syracuse.
During the Second Punic War ( 218 – 202 BC ), the Veneti even sent a contingent of soldiers to fight alongside the Romans against Hannibal and the invading Carthaginians and Venetians were among those slaughtered at the Battle of Cannae ( 216 BC ).
The Carthaginians made a series of attempts to appease Rome, and received a promise that if three hundred children of well-born Carthaginians were sent as hostages to Rome the Carthaginians would keep the rights to their land and self-government.
5 ), after the defeat of the Carthaginians at the Battle of Panormus, the Carthaginians release Marcus Atilius Regulus from prison and he is sent to Rome on parole to negotiate a peace or an exchange of prisoners.
* Lucius Postumius Albinus is sent by Rome as an ambassador to King Masinissa of Numidia, and to the Carthaginians in order to raise troops for the war against Perseus of Macedonia.
In 157 BC he was one of the deputies sent to Carthage to arbitrate between the Carthaginians and Massinissa, king of Numidia.
The Carthaginians took heart from this and sent another army against him.
The Carthaginians acquired reinforcements and sallied out to push the Romans back across the river, where the Romans sent for reinforcements from their camp ( proving a right-bank location ).
Athens then sent for help from the Carthaginians and Etruscans, and both Athens and Syracuse tried to gain assistance from the Greek cities in Italy.
Once the Carthaginians started increasing their forces on the island, the Romans sent consuls there.
Gelon at first complained that the Greeks spurned his request of aid against the Carthaginians in the past, but he offered to sent 24, 000 foot, 4000 horse and 200 warships in addition to fully provisioning the combined Greek force in Greece if he was made the supreme commander.
Receiving intelligence of the operation while the Carthaginians were still in the Pyrenees, the Romans sent a force commanded by one of the consuls for the year, Publius Cornelius Scipio, via naval transport along the coast of Liguria to the mouth of the Rhone River, where their unshakeable Greek allies at Marseille were located and the Gauls were all friendly to Rome.
Pyrrhus tried to ally with Carthage against Rome, but the Carthaginians, seeing Pyrrhus as the greater threat, refused and sent a squadron up to the Tiber mouth to offer help against him.
In 171 BC, he was one of the ambassadors sent to Masinissa and the Carthaginians in order to raise troops for the war against Perseus of Macedon.
Carthaginians and over
Although the Carthaginians conquered much of the land around Alicante, the Romans would eventually rule Hispania Tarraconensis for over 700 years.
Carthage, seeking to make up for the recent territorial losses and a plentiful source of silver to pay the large indemnity owed to Rome, turned its attention to Iberia, and in 237 BC the Carthaginians, led by Hamilcar Barca, began a series of campaigns to expand their control over the peninsula.
* 251 BC: The Romans again win at Panormus over the Carthaginians, led by Hasdrubal.
Different populations and cultures followed over the millennia, including the Iberians, the Tartessians, Celts and Celtiberians, Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Suebi and Visigoths.
At a banquet in Book 2, Aeneas tells the story of the sack of Troy, the death of his wife, and his escape to the enthralled Carthaginians, while in Book 3 he recounts to them his wanderings over the Mediterranean in search of a suitable new home.
The Mamertines hand the city over to Appius Claudius, but the Carthaginians return to set up a blockade.
However, after the Carthaginians left the region, the Romans captured the ports of Brindisi and Taranto, and established dominion over the region.
In the bay Duilius won the first Roman naval victory over the Carthaginians ( 260 BC ).
In the 6th century BC, due to the struggles between ancient Greece and Carthage over Sicily, Motia sided with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians against the Greeks.
After the Phoenicians, the Carthaginians took over control in that part of the Mediterranean, around 550 BC.
After those had been handed over, Rome additionally demanded that the Carthaginians move at least ten miles inland, while the city itself was to be burned.
* Following the death of his father, Publius Cornelius Scipio, and his uncle, Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus, at the hands of the Carthaginians, the young Publius Cornelius Scipio takes over command of the Roman troops in Spain.
* The Romans declare war on the Carthaginians over which state controls Sardinia.
* Gaius Duilius Nepos, the Roman commander who has won a major naval victory over the Carthaginians is made censor with Lucius Cornelius Scipio.
The other great contribution of Gelo was the victory at Himera over the Carthaginians.
* Gaius Sulpicius Q. f. Q. n. Paterculus, consul in 258 BC, during the First Punic War, triumphed over the Carthaginians in Sicilia.
In 263BC, with his colleague Manius Otacilius ( or Octaciius ) Crassus, he gained a brilliant victory over the Carthaginians and Syracusans: more than sixty of the Sicilian towns acknowledged the supremacy of Rome, and the consuls concluded a peace treaty with Hiero, which lasted the remainder of his long life.
It depicted the victory of Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla over Hiero and the Carthaginians in 263 BC.
The Mamertines handed the city over to Appius Claudius, but the Carthaginians returned and laid siege to Messana.
Later, the Carthaginians defeated the Romans for good when they set fire to the locations where the Romans had taken over the area.
This, Fabius knew, would wear down the invaders ’ endurance and discourage Rome ’ s allies from going over to the enemy, without having to challenge the Carthaginians to a decisive battle.
* The Romans declare war on the Carthaginians, after a dispute over Sardinia, and Carthaginian military preparations against Sardinia.
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