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Chardonnay and vintages
While there are examples of varietal sparklers, such as blanc de blancs ( white of whites ) made from 100 % Chardonnay, most sparkling wines are blends of several grape varieties, vineyards and vintages.

Chardonnay and early
Riesling was the most planted white grape in Australia until the early 1990s when Chardonnay greatly increased in popularity.
Whereas today Australia's major white varieties are Chardonnay and Sauvignon blanc, early in the country's viticultural development it was Sémillon, then mislabeled as Riesling.
Four styles of Sémillon-based wines made there: a commercial style, often blended with Chardonnay or Sauvignon Blanc ; a sweet style, after that of Sauternes ; a complex, minerally, early picked style which has great longevity ; and an equally high quality, dry style, which can be released soon after vintage, as a vat or bottle aged example.
Towards the end of the 20th century both grapes began to increase in popularity, particularly the Chardonnay vine which now accounts for nearly 45 % of all Jura plantings and is valued for its good sugar levels and early ripening.

Chardonnay and 1990s
The export driven Australian wine industry was well situated for the Chardonnay boom of the 1980s and 1990s and Australia responded with a unique style of wine that was characterized by big fruit flavors and easy approachability.
) By the late 1990s, efforts to promote " authentic " Chardonnay helped to increase plantings and by 2004 it was the 3rd most widely planted white wine grape behind Chenin blanc and Colombard.
In the 1990s, Chardonnay became the second most widely planted white grape variety in Argentina-second only Torrontés.
Chardonnay became very fashionable in the 1990s, as the stereotypical drink of young urban women of the Bridget Jones generation.
In the 1980s and 1990s, production styles shifted to producing more lighter and crisper styles that were closer to Pinot grigio than to Chardonnay.

Chardonnay and from
In California, Merlot can range from very fruity simple wines ( sometimes referred to by critics as a " red Chardonnay ") to more serious, barrel aged examples.
Atsby is a New York vermouth made from a base of locally-sourced Chardonnay ( North Fork of Long Island ), and are fortified with craft apple brandy from the finger lakes region.
The Chardonnay grape itself is very neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the grape being derived from such influences as terroir and oak.
Some viticultural hazards include the risk of damage from springtime frost, as Chardonnay is an early-budding vine – usually a week after Pinot noir.
In contrast, South African Chardonnay produced from more sandstone-based vineyards tend to be richer and more weighty.
Closeup of a Chardonnay leaf ( from the image of Chardonnay grapes in Champagne above ).
Chardonnay is the only permitted AOC grape variety in the Chablis region with the wines here developing such worldwide recognition that the name " chablis " has taken on semi-generic connotations to mean any dry white wine, even those not made from Chardonnay.
The most expensive examples of Chardonnay from Chablis comes from the seven Grand Cru vineyards that account for around on the southwest side of one slope along the Serein river near the town of Chablis — Blanchots, Bougros, Les Clos, Grenouilles, Preuses, Valmur and Vaudésir.
A Blanc de Blancs Champagne made only from Chardonnay grapes
Despite being less planted, the Blanc de Blancs style of Champagne ( made from only Chardonnay grapes ) is far more commonly produced than Blanc de Noirs.
The first successful commercial production of California Chardonnay was from plantings in the Livermore Valley AVA.
While the exact style of the wine will vary from producer, some of the terroir characteristics associated with California Chardonnay include " flinty " notes with the Russian River Valley and mango & guava from Monterey.
A large portion of the Californian sparkling wine industry uses Chardonnay grapes from Carneros, Alexander and Russian River valleys with these areas attracting the attention of Champagne producers like Bollinger, Louis Roederer, Moët et Chandon and the Taittinger family who have opened up wineries in last few decades.
In British Columbia, Chardonnay from the Okanagan are characterized by delicate citrus fruits.
Tyrell's vineyard was planted with Chardonnay cuttings that he " borrowed " from Penfolds ' experimental plantings by hopping over their barb-wire fence one night and pruning their vines.
Being a rather neutral grape, Australian winemakers first approached Chardonnay in the same manner they were making wine from the similarly neutral Sultana grape.
Sparkling wines from Chardonnay are produced in the cool regions of Geelong, Macedon Ranges and Tasmania.
Despite being more famous for its Sauvignon blanc production, Chardonnay was New Zealand's most widely planted grape variety from 1990 till 2002 when Sauvignon blanc finally surpassed it.

Chardonnay and British
In Canada, Chardonnay is found in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec.
In Canada, Chardonnay has seen some success with rich, oaky styles produced in Ontario and lighter styles produced in Quebec and British Columbia.
In 1975, British wine merchant Steven Spurrier selected 1973 bottling of David Bruce Chardonnay for his 1975 Paris tasting that would pit Californian Chardonnays and Cabernet Sauvignon against their French counterparts from Burgundy and Bordeaux, respectively.

Chardonnay and international
For new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a " rite of passage " and an easy entry into the international wine market.
Another reason for the backlash was that Chardonnay was seen as a symbol of the globalization of wine, in which local grape varieties were grubbed up in favor of the big names demanded by international markets.
The sorts of grape used during production can be international like Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Riesling, Muscat Ottonel, Muscat Lunel or natives like Olaszrizling, Kékfrankos, Furmint, Királyleányka, Hárslevelű, Kéknyelű and Juhfark.
Like many other Spanish varieties, its numbers have been declining in recent years ( in 1996 there was over 100, 000 ha / 250, 000 of the vine planted in Spain ) as growers pull up older plantings and replant them with popular international varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay.
In addition, they have planted the more international Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Merlot and Cabernet Franc.

Chardonnay and quality
The Californian wine regions that seem to favor producing premium quality Chardonnay are the ones that are most influenced, climatically, by coastal fogs that can slow the ripening of the grape and give it more time to develop its flavors.
As better clonal varieties are discovered and planted, the overall quality of New Zealand Chardonnay have increased, particularly from places like Canterbury, Marlborough and Nelson.
Partly aided by the foreign influence, the overall quality of Californian sparklers increased with the introduction of the more traditional sparkling wine grapes of Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Pinot Meunier and Pinot blanc into the production.
As of 2004, Riesling was estimated to be the world's 20th most grown variety at ( with an increasing trend ), but in terms of importance for quality wines, it is usually included in the " top three " white wine varieties together with Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc.
Here are local high quality vines as Graševina, ( ranking the highest ), Rhein Riesling, Chardonnay and Sauvignon.
Limited production of sparkling wine, made in the traditional style from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay grapes, has been of good quality, and has received some accolades at wine tastings around the world.
A number of crops including cereals, as well as Lucerne are planted in the district Langhorne Creek and Currency Creek are well known for its viticulture, producing high quality Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz and Chardonnay.
One of these wineries, Chateau St. Jean, was so impressed with the quality of fruit that with the 1975 vintage of their Chardonnay they put the name of the vineyard on the wine label.

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