); its design was planned by the government of the day ; and it places individual letters in syllable clusters with equal dimensions, in the same way as Chinese characters, to allow for mixed-script writing ( one syllable always takes up one type-space no matter how many letters get stacked into building that one sound-block ).

Zhuyin developed out of a form of Chinese shorthand based on Chinese characters in the early 1900s and has elements of both an alphabet and a syllabary.

While Zhuyin is not used as a mainstream writing system, it is still often used in ways similar to a romanization system — that is, for aiding in pronunciation and as an input method for Chinese characters on computers and cellphones.

He was inspired by Chinese characters, with which he became familiar at Shanghai.

Another vital referent is Leibniz ’ s project of an ideographic language called " universal character ", based on the principles of Chinese characters.

Chinese characters can also be written in either direction as well as vertically ( top to bottom then right to left ), especially in signs ( such as plaques ), but the orientation of the individual characters is never changed.

*: Encoding of Chinese characters as 4-digit decimals.

This is done by employing Chinese characters with similar pronunciations.

Since the 20th century, another source of words has been Japanese using existing kanji ( Chinese characters used in Japanese ).

" These pictographs are reputed to be similar to the earliest characters confirmed to be written Chinese.

Early markings from this period found on pottery and shells are thought to be ancestral to modern Chinese characters.

Emperor Kangxi ordered the creation of Kangxi Dictionary, the most complete dictionary of Chinese characters ever put together at the time.

Chinese numerals are characters for writing numbers in Chinese.

The more familiar indigenous system are Chinese characters that correspond to numerals in the spoken language.

The Chinese character numeral system consists of the Chinese characters used by the Chinese written language to write spoken numerals.

Hundreds of Chinese input methods are available for entry of Chinese characters into computers, but most keyboard-based methods rely on either pinyin phonetic readings or root shapes in Chinese characters.

For example, jīngjì ( 经济 ／ 經濟, keizai ), which in the original Chinese meant " the workings of the state ", was narrowed to " economy " in Japanese ; this narrowed definition was then re-imported into Chinese.

The original form of the theorem, contained in a third-century AD book The Mathematical Classic of Sun Zi ( 孫子算經 ) by Chinese mathematician Sun Tzu and later generalized with a complete solution called Da yan shu ( 大衍术 ) in a 1247 book by Qin Jiushao, the Shushu Jiuzhang ( 數書九章 Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections ) is a statement about simultaneous congruences ( see modular arithmetic ).

Many translations are written by people with a foundation in Chinese language and philosophy who are trying to render the original meaning of the text as faithfully as possible into English.

It embodies the virtues its translator credits to the Chinese original: a gemlike lucidity that is radiant with humor, grace, largeheartedness, and deep wisdom.

The original predecessor of all firearms, the Chinese fire lance and European hand cannon were loaded with gunpowder and the shot ( initially lead shot, later replaced by cast iron ) through the muzzle, while a fuse was placed at the rear.

There are also Europeans, Indians, Lebanese, Syrians, Chinese, and Carib Amerindians ( remnants of the original pre-European population ).

It is also difficult to accurately translate original alchemy texts, especially medieval Chinese texts which employ metaphor to describe unexplained phenomena, into contemporary scientific language with its rigidly defined terminology.

Shiji 110 / Hanshu 94A: The Xiongnu: Synopsis of Chinese original Text and several Western Translations with Extant Annotations.

Image: Meister nach Chang Hsüan 001. jpg | Ladies making silk, a remake of an 8th-century original by Zhang Xuan by Emperor Huizong of Song, early 12th century, Chinese

The different script systems resulting from the preservation or simplication of original pre-Republic Chinese characters are used by Chinese people living under different jurisdictions: " Simplified Chinese " in Mainland China ( the People's Republic of China ), " Traditional Chinese " in the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, and " Proper Chinese " ( which is the same script as " Traditional Chinese ") in Taiwan ( the Republic of China ).

* In China, Guanshiyin was changed to Guanyin due to the unacceptability of the original under the naming taboo of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, whose personal name was Li Shimin ( contains the Chinese character shi 世 ).

As the most prestigious movie type in Chinese film history, Kung Fu movies were among the first Chinese films produced and the wuxia period films ( 武俠片 ) are the original form of Chinese Kung Fu films.

This process continued in Manichaeism's meeting with Chinese Buddhism, where, for example, the original Aramaic karia ( the " call " from the world of Light to those seeking rescue from the world of Darkness ), becomes identified in the Chinese scriptures with Guan Yin ( or Avalokitesvara in Sanskrit, literally, " watching / perceiving sounds the world ", the Chinese Bodhisattva of Compassion ).

In every language and region that Manichaeism spread to, these same deities reappear, whether it is in the original Syriac quoted by Theodore bar Konai, or the Latin terminology given by Saint Augustine from Mani's Epistola Fundamenti, or the Persian and Chinese translations found as Manichaeism spread eastward.

* Wonton soup – In most American Chinese restaurants, only wonton dumplings in broth are served, while native Chinese versions may come with noodles.

Modern weapons include the Russian ZSU-23-4 Shilka and Tunguska-M1, South Korean K30 Biho and K263A1 radar-guided Vulcan, Chinese Type 95 SPAAA, Swedish CV9040 AAV, Polish PZA Loara, American M6 Bradley Linebacker and M1097 Humvee Avenger, Yugoslavian BOV-3, Canadian ADATS, aging German Gepard, Japanese Type 87 SPAAG and similar versions with the British Marksman turret ( which was also adapted for a number of other users ), Italian SIDAM 25 and Otomatic, and versions of the French AMX-13.

However, they do not serve specialized Hui dishes, only Halal versions of ordinary Chinese food.

Critics of these versions, such as Taoism scholar Eugene Eoyang, claim that translators like Stephen Mitchell produce readings of the Tao Te Ching that deviate from the text and are incompatible with the history of Chinese thought.

Russell Kirkland goes further to argue that these versions are based on Western Orientalist fantasies, and represent the colonial appropriation of Chinese culture.

However, both versions of " school-standard " Chinese are often quite different from the Mandarin dialects that are spoken in accordance with regional habits, and neither is wholly identical to the Beijing dialect.

They were first available in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean versions of Windows, and supported for all regions in Windows 2000 and later.

Solid rockets were invented by the Chinese, the earliest versions were recorded in the 13th century.

In April 2009, the International Trade Commission closed a patent infringement case that will permit Chinese manufacturers to produce copycat versions of Splenda products which will be sold under different brand names.

The Chinese adopted the Scythian-style animal art of the steppes ( descriptions of animals locked in combat ), particularly the rectangular belt-plaques made of gold or bronze, and created their own versions in jade and steatite.

In Chinese versions, the joke is somewhat muted by the common practice of including subtitles to make the story easier to follow for speakers of Chinese's many dialects.

Chinese jade was attributed with magical powers, and was used in the Stone and Bronze Ages for large and impractical versions of everyday weapons and tools, as well as the bi disks and cong vessels.

In the past the Chinese Wikipedia had two versions of many articles written in Simplified and Traditional script.

Chinese and Japanese potters made porcelain versions of Delftware for export to Europe.

* MIT OpenCourseWare – official site ; < span class =" plainlinks "> Traditional Chinese </ span >, < span class =" plainlinks "> Simplified Chinese </ span > versions

According to official statistics from departments associated with the PLA General Political Department, from 1964 to 1976, Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung was published in 4 Chinese editions, 8 Chinese minority languages in 8 versions, one Braille edition, 37 foreign language version and a bilingual Chinese-English version ( total 38 foreign versions ), with a total printing of 1, 055, 498, 000 copies.

The two Japanese syllabaries are themselves adapted from the Grass Script versions of the Chinese characters ; the hiragana being direct adaptations and the katakana being adapted from the hiragana ( both katakana and hiragana are in everyday use alongside the Chinese characters known as kanji ; the kanji, being developed in parallel to the Chinese characters, have their own idiosyncracies, but Chinese and Japanese ideograms are largely comprehensible, even if their use in the languages are not the same.