Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

but why did the Old Chinese postulate five elements, when the Ancient Near East -- which may have initiated the idea that natural elements exerted influence in human life and activities -- recognized only four??

And why did the Chinese suddenly begin to talk about the Five Directions, when the animals they used as symbols of the directions designated only the usual four??

Parallels to the earliest Babylonian ( Sumerian ) star catalogues suggest that the ancient Chinese system did not arise independently from that of the Ancient Near East.

This school did not thrive because the Chinese regarded sophistry and dialectic as impractical.

* Second Sight ( 1991 ) Released from a Chinese prison, Christopher meets a daughter he did not know he had

Despite the name " Chinese checkers ", the game is not a variation of checkers, nor did it originate in China or any part of Asia.

Some numismatists, however, regard these as well as later Chinese bronzes that were replicas of knives, spades, and hoes as money but not as coins because they did not at least initially carry a mark or marks certifying them to be of a definite exchange value.

Moreover, according to this thesis, a major motivational factor for Gorbachev was his realization that the Soviet Union could not compete economically with the USA However, if economic premises are taken into account, it is not clear why the Soviet leaders did not adopt the Chinese option — economic liberalization with preservation of political system.

In 1895 and 1896 another Joint Anglo-Russian Boundary Commission agreed on the frontier boundary to the far northeast of Afghanistan, which bordered Chinese territory ( although the Chinese did not formally accept this as a boundary between the two countries until 1964.

" It did not signify any modification to Fiji's adherence to the One China policy, he had explained to the Chinese ambassador.

The Japanese did not acquire firearms until the 16th century, and then from the Portuguese rather than the Chinese.

He then took a train to Hangzhou in China, before continuing onto Shanghai ; because of the ongoing Chinese Civil War, the train did not stop throughout the entire journey, something that annoyed the passengers.

Originally, to practice kung fu did not just mean to practice Chinese martial arts.

The Kuomintang was extensively involved in the Kham region, recruiting the Khampa people to both oppose the Dalai Lama's Tibetan government, fight the Communist Red Army, and crush the influence of local Chinese warlords who did not obey the central government.

In the late 19th-and early 20th centuries, although some boundary agreements were signed between Great Britain, Afghanistan and Russia over the northern borders of Kashmir, China never accepted these agreements, and the official Chinese position did not change with the communist revolution in 1949.

The Knights strongly supported the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Contract Labor Law of 1885, as did many other labor groups, although the group did accept most others, including skilled and unskilled women of any profession.

This union did not include Chinese, and partially included black people and women.

However, as the Angolan government did not continue to make the payments due to the Chinese enterprise in charge of the construction, the firm has suspended its work in 2010.

Here, Mao was taught the value systems of Confucianism, one of the dominant moral ideologies in China, but he would later admit that he did not enjoy reading the classical Chinese texts which preached Confucian morals, instead favouring popular novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin.

By placing the prisoners under conditions of physical and social deprivation and disruption, and then by offering them more comfortable situations such as better sleeping quarters, better food, warmer clothes or blankets, the Chinese did succeed in getting some of the prisoners to make anti-American statements.

" In contrast American POW's in the custody of the Chinese Communists did face a concerted interrogation and indoctrination program -- but the Chinese did not employ deliberate physical abuse.

Some Chinese assign a different set of meanings to the numbers and certain number combinations are considered luckier than others.

Several legendary sources tend to assign unrealistically long lifespans to pre-historical heroes and monarchs ( e. g., Egyptian, Chinese, Hebrews, Japanese ), if the number of years there reported are understood as years of more than 340 days.

Most contemporary historians assign the five Japanese kings to the following emperors ( two possibilities are identified for Kings San and Chin ), mostly based on the individual features of their genealogies reported in the Chinese sources.

" Most modern scholarship, although content to assign to Han Yu a secure place in the history of Chinese literature, has been embarrassed by the violence of his Confucian passions.

Although it has been claimed that " pitch accent " is not a coherently defined term, it is commonly understood to refer to a language that uses phonemic tone, than fully tonal languages such as Chinese or Yoruba, which may assign tone to an entire word without association to specific syllables, or which may assign a separate tone to each syllable.

Different cultures have different terms for colors, and may also assign some color terms to slightly different parts of the human color space: for instance, the Chinese character 青 ( pronounced qīng in Mandarin and ao in Japanese ) has a meaning that covers both blue and green ; blue and green are traditionally considered shades of " 青.

Within philosophy familiar names include Daniel Dennett who writes from a computational systems perspective, John Searle known for his controversial Chinese room, Jerry Fodor who advocates functionalism, and Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words and thought.

The civilian tiles are ranked according to the Chinese cultural significance of the tile names, and must be memorized.

Remembering the suits and rankings of the tiles is easier if one understands the Chinese names of the tiles and the symbolism behind them.

In this context, it is more readily construed as meaning " school of thought ", since it is also used to construct the names of philosophical schools contemporary with Confucianism: for example, the Chinese names for Legalism and Mohism end in jiā.

The term, however, is notably used to construct the names of religions in Chinese: the terms for Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and other religions in Chinese all end with jiào.

The term is parallel to-ology in English, being used to construct the names of academic fields: the Chinese names of fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, political science, economics, and sociology all end in xué.

Like many other Chinese historical figures, Chiang used several names throughout his life.

* Dong ( Chinese surname ), a transliteration of Chinese family names 董, 東 ( in Mandarin pinyin )

The one general exception to this is modern Chinese place names, personal names, and ( occasionally ) food names — these will often be written with kanji, and katakana used for the furigana ; in more casual writing these are simply written in katakana, as borrowed words.

Chinese and Korean names are the most common examples: Chinese names are usually pronounced with Japanese readings and the pronunciation written in hiragana, while Korean names are usually pronounced with Korean readings and the pronunciation written in katakana.

They also have the Chinese names and.

* Traditional Chinese star names

Foodservice establishments with names ending with the Chinese character zhuang (), or zhuang zihao (), were the top ranking foodservice establishments, not only in providing foods, but also entertainment as well.

Foodservice establishments with names ending with the Chinese character tang (), or tang zihao (), are similar to foodservice establishments with names ending with the Chinese character zhuang, but the business of these second class foodservice establishments were generally evenly divided among onsite banquet hosting and catering ( at customers ’ homes ).