The principal concern of the Family was finding an " electable " successor to Yeltsin to counter presidential aspirations of then prime-minister Yevgeny Primakov who was leaning to the Communists.

Another distinguishing feature of this policy was that Communists fought against their rivals on the left as vehemently as their opponents on the right of the political spectrum, with special viciousness directed at real or imaginary followers of Leon Trotsky.

That fact is very clearly illustrated in the case of the many present-day intellectuals who were Communists or near-Communists in their youth and are now so extremely conservative ( or reactionary, as many would say ) that they can define no important political conviction that does not seem so far from even a centrist position as to make the distinction between Mr. Nixon and Mr. Khrushchev for them hardly worth noting.

There were a few reasons for that, too: Garibaldi had been taken up and exploited by the Communists nowadays.

And while he had headed Batista's anti-Communist section, the Batista regime did not disturb the Communists so much as more open opponents who were alleged to be Communists.

Just to remind the Communists that the bombs dropped on Japan were to end a war not start one.

There is little optimism here that the Communists will be any more docile at the conference table than they were in military actions on the ground in Laos.

But he was convinced that the realities of power -- military, economic and ideological -- were the decisive factors in the struggle with the Communists and that these could not be talked away at a heads of government meeting.

While Communists were undermining United Nations efforts to rescue the Congo from chaos, two other Communist offensives stirred the Eisenhower Administration into emergency conferences and serious decisions.

After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history.

Conspiracy theorists believe his conflict with certain members of the Pakistani military ( Rawalpindi conspiracy ) or suppression of Communists and antagonism towards the Soviet Union, were potential reasons for his assassination.

In addition, the Chinese Communists were able to fill the political vacuum left in Manchuria after Soviet forces withdrew from the area and thus gained China's prime industrial base.

The Chinese Communists were able to fight their way from the north and northeast, and virtually all of mainland China was taken by the end of 1949.

* In Spain, during the Spanish Civil War, the detention and torture centers operated by the Communists were named " checas " after the Soviet organization.

While much of the urban areas were now under the control of the KMT, much of the countryside remained under the influence of weakened yet undefeated warlords and Communists.

However, Chiang's allied commander Zhang Xueliang, whose forces were used in his attack and whose homeland of Manchuria had been recently invaded by the Japanese, did not support the attack on the Communists.

The war had severely weakened the Nationalists, while the Communists were strengthened by their popular land-reform policies, and by a rural population that supported and trusted them.

The government's official line for these martial law provisions stemmed from the claim that emergency provisions were necessary, since the Communists and Kuomintang ( KMT ) were still in a state of war.

Most of those prosecuted were labeled by the Kuomintang as " bandit spies " ( 匪諜 ), meaning spies for Chinese Communists, and punished as such.

Believing that corruption and a lack of morals were key reasons that the KMT lost mainland China to the Communists, Chiang attempted to purge corruption by dismissing members of the KMT accused of graft.

During the McCarthy Era in 1947, when US Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin claimed that the federal government and other institutions were riddled with Communists, the US House began hearings about purported communist influence in Hollywood.

Early in 1953, the French asked Eisenhower for help in French Indochina against the Communists, supplied from China, who were fighting the First Indochina War.

After 1944 Communists were a factor to consider for a few decades, and the Finnish People's Democratic League, formed by Communists and others to the left of Social Democrats, even was the largest party after 1958 elections.

Following the Finnish Civil War and October revolution, Russians were virtually equated with Communists and due to official hostility to Communism, Finno-Soviet relations in the period between the world wars remained tense.

The Communists consolidated power by gradually whittling away the rights of their non-Communist foes, particularly by suppressing the leading opposition party – Mikołajczyk's Polish People's Party ( PSL ).

The TRJN was a result of the negotiations held in Moscow between the Polish Communists, the Soviet Union, and Stanisław Mikołajczyk's faction from 17 June to 21 June.

After Hitler's takeover of the German government in 1933, political enemies of the Nazis were persecuted, and their institutions closed or destroyed ; the Gestapo began actions against Polish and Jewish students ( see: Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau ), Communists, Social Democrats, and trade unionists, arrests were even made for speaking Polish in public, in 1938 the Nazi-controlled police destroyed the Polish cultural centre.

During the following Polish elections the Communists won 65 percent of the seats in the Sejm, though the seats won were guaranteed and the Communists were unable to gain a majority, while 99 out of the 100 seats in the Senate freely contested were won by Solidarity-backed candidates.

Jaruzelski was unsuccessful in convincing Wałęsa to include Solidarity in a " grand coalition " with the Communists, and resigned his position of general secretary of the Polish Communist Party.

Polish Communists, led by Władysław Gomułka and Bolesław Bierut, were aware of the lack of support for their side, especially after the failure of a referendum for policies known as " 3 times YES " ( 3 razy TAK ; 3xTAK ), where less than a third of Poland's population voted in favor of the proposed changes included massive communist land reforms and nationalizations of industry.

This almost triggered a Soviet invasion when Polish Communists elected him without consulting the Kremlin in advance, but in the end, Khrushchev backed down due to Gomułka's widespread popularity in the country.

And still Stalin could not trust the Polish Communists and so finally the leaderless party was declared dissolved as a hotbed of Trotskyite agents.

In August 1943 and March 1944, the Polish Secret State announced their long-term plan, partially designed to counter attractivness of some of the Communists ' proposals.

His armed forces were in control of the country, and his agents, the Polish Communists, were in control of its administration.

Until 1989, while Communists held power in the People's Republic of Poland, the Polish – Soviet War was omitted or minimized in Polish and other Soviet bloc countries ' history books, or was presented as a foreign intervention during the Russian Civil War to fit in with Communist ideology.

However, Gomułka never supported Stalin's control over the Polish Communists, and was soon replaced as party leader by the more pliable Bierut.

In 1948, the Communists consolidated their power, merging with Cyrankiewicz ' faction of the PPS to form the Polish United Workers ' Party ( known in Poland as ' the Party '), which would monopolise political power in Poland until 1989.

The last remains of ethnic Polish immigrant minority fled the Communists or was expelled along with all inhabitants of East-Prussia.

During the Polish-Bolshevik War the town was captured by the Communists and after the Battle of Warsaw it was again passed to the Lithuanians, but it was retaken by the Polish Army with negligible losses soon afterwards.

Polish Socialist Realism can be associated with the rule of Communists in Poland since 1945 till 1989.

That building with a branch of large, Polish bank in it, is erected in the 1990s as one of the first, public buildings in Konin after the decline of the regime of Communists in Poland.

In January 1942, an initiative group of Polish Communists which included Marceli Nowotko, Paweł Finder, and Bolesław Mołojec gained Stalin's permission to form a communist party for Poland, the Polska Partia Robotnicza, or PPR.

It was a difference of opinion between the Polish émigrés trained in the Soviet Union represented by Bolesław Bierut strictly following Stalin's policy, and the Polish Communists such as Gomułka.