In 1863, Confederate general Robert E. Lee's northward advance ended in defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg.

* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Spring Hill – A Confederate advance into Tennessee misses an opportunity to crush the Union Army.

Confederate cavalry raiders Bedford Forrest and Earl Van Dorn stalled Grant's advance by breaking communications, while the Confederate army led by John C. Pemberton concentrated and repulsed Sherman's direct approach at Chickasaw Bayou.

On May 1, Hooker advanced from Chancellorsville toward Lee, but the Confederate general split his army in the face of superior numbers, leaving a small force at Fredericksburg to deter Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick from advancing, while he attacked Hooker's advance with about 4 / 5ths of his army.

In the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, the basic offensive plan for the Union had been to advance and seize the Confederate capital, Richmond, Virginia.

Lincoln urged Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to advance against the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi.

General Judson Kilpatrick, commanding officer of the Union cavalry advance, forced Confederate forces under the command of Generals Wade Hampton III and Joseph Wheeler to withdraw in haste who were frantically trying to transport their remaining supplies and wounded by rail westward toward the final Confederate encampment in Greensboro, NC.

The two generals planned the concentration of Confederate forces to oppose the advance of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant before he could combine his army with that of Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell in a thrust up the Tennessee River toward Corinth, Mississippi.

A brief skirmish was fought at Lowndesboro in April 1865 between a group of Confederate cavalry and advance troops of the Union Army during Wilson's Raid.

Baldwin was the site of a civil war skirmish and until recently, dirt revetments could be found in one part of the town where defenses by Confederate forces were erected against the advance of the Union forces.

Confederate Major General Patrick Cleburne with 4, 100 men used the mountain pass known as the Ringgold Gap to stall the advance of Union Major General Joseph Hooker and his troops.

A strong Confederate presence at Funkstown threatened any Union advance against Gen. Robert E. Lee ’ s position near Williamsport and the Potomac River as he retreated to Virginia after the Battle of Gettysburg.

Morgan's raid was the northernmost advance of Confederate troops during the Civil War.

Along the way, Colonel Phillips sent out an advance of about 350 men toward Boggy Depot, a large Confederate supply base located on the Texas Road with the intention of capturing the outpost.

Ames, ordered to maintain the offensive, organized a flanking maneuver, sending some of his men to advance outside the land wall, and come up behind the Confederate defenders of the last traverse.

Despite an advance of the cavalry commanded by Fitzhugh Lee, the Confederate Army was checked by the arrival of Union cavalry commanded by Gen. Philip Sheridan and two divisions of infantry.

Finegan sent out an infantry brigade to meet Seymour's advance units and lure them into the Confederate entrenchments, but this plan went awry.

* During the Battle of Antietam on 17 September 1862, a Confederate regiment had maneuvered into a gap between two Union regiments ( the 9th New York and the 5th Massachusetts ) and launched a surprise attack during a Union advance into the west woods.

Ford attacked Barrett's force as it was skirmishing with an advance Confederate force along the Rio Grande about 4 p. m. Ford sent a couple of companies with artillery to attack the Union right flank, sending the remainder of his force into a frontal attack.

Grant ordered Thomas to advance halfway to Missionary Ridge on a reconnaissance in force to determine the strength of the Confederate line, hoping to ensure that Bragg would not withdraw his forces and move in the direction of Knoxville, Tennessee, where Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside was being threatened by a Confederate force under Longstreet.

" His counterattack halted the Confederate advance long enough to give the Union Army time to retreat in a more orderly fashion, arguably the most important factor in preventing its complete destruction.

The battle was a decisive Confederate victory which stopped the advance of the Union army's Red River Campaign during the American Civil War.

Union assaults against the Sunken Road eventually pierced the Confederate center, but the Federal advantage was not followed up.

Wilson ( although married ) had seen a great deal of Mrs. Greenhow, and while with her may have told her about the plans followed by Major General Irvin McDowell, which may have been part of the intelligence Mrs. Greenhow got to Confederate forces under Major General Pierre Beauregard.

Preston was followed in later years by Jubal Early, who would later serve as a general for the Confederate Army.

Custer, now commanding the 3rd Division, followed Sheridan to the Shenandoah Valley where they defeated the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. Jubal A.

It lay on the line of retreat to Chattanooga followed by the Confederate Army of Tennessee during the campaign of 1863.

Harris followed this with a leading role in the Italian film, Michelangelo Antonioni's Il deserto rosso ( 1964 ), and he also won notice for his role in Sam Peckinpah's Major Dundee ( 1965 ), as an Irish immigrant who became a Confederate cavalryman during the Civil War.

During the laughter that followed this line, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer who was not in the cast of the play, fatally shot Abraham Lincoln.

The Confederate Constitution followed the U. S. Constitution for the most part in the main body of the text with some changes.

" and after his promotion to a general officer " he followed with conspicuous bravery every forlorn hope which the Confederacy offered ..." Likewise historian Jon L. Wakelyn summed up his military career by saying ".. he volunteered for service in the Confederate Army and distinguished himself in the western command.

Union forces conducted major operations in 1862 and 1863 to capture Charleston, first overland on James Island ( the Battle of Secessionville, June 1862 ), then by naval assault against Fort Sumter ( the First Battle of Charleston Harbor, April 1863 ), then by seizing the Confederate artillery positions on Morris Island ( beginning with the Second Battle of Fort Wagner, July 1863, and followed by a siege until September ).

A number of other questionable shootings followed, including those of Dr. John Davis ( said by some to have been told to run and then shot when he did ) and Lt. Col. Frisby McCullough — a subordinate of Porter who had no part in the battle, but was tried and sentenced to death as a bushwhacker, even though he was captured wearing a regular Confederate uniform and carrying letters authorizing him to recruit troops.

As for the fate of those slaves who chose to flee their plantations and follow Sherman's army, a Confederate officer estimated that 10, 000 followed, and hundreds died of " hunger, disease, or exposure " along the way.

He was promoted to brigadier general on April 28, 1862, and was assigned to command two Confederate forts captured south of New Orleans, Jackson and St. Philip, followed by command of the District of Florida.

At least three men who followed him in death claimed to be Confederate veterans, but their status as Civil War veterans has been debunked.

That battle was rapidly followed up by the gunboats alone, who wiped out the Confederate Navy's Mosquito Fleet in an assault on Elizabeth City.

Pierpont followed a policy of forgiveness to those politicians who had served in the Confederate military and government.

In the years that have followed, other monuments have been added, including the Confederate Monument and Maryland Centennial Monument near the Best farm ( the site where Union soldiers discovered Robert E. Lee's lost Special Order 191 during the 1862 Maryland Campaign ).

On June 22, 1941, Confederate dictator Jake Featherston launches the war with a bombing attack on all major U. S. cities within reach of the border, quickly followed by an invasion of Ohio from Kentucky.

A ceremony honoring the combatants on both sides of the Battle of Natural Bridge, followed by a reenactment of the battle featuring authentically-costumed Confederate and Union military and civilian reenactors, is held at the park the first weekend of March every year.

Disaster nearly overtook the Federals, as Benteen's men inexplicably stopped their charge about halfway between their original position and the Confederate lines, refusing to start again until Major Abial R. Pierce of the 4th Iowa galloped ahead of his regiment toward the Southern lines, followed in turn by his own regiment and then the rest of Benteen's brigade.

This was followed by a reduction of the Confederate fleet to a single vessel, ironclad CSS Tennessee.

On May 7, 2007, while speaking on the floor of the house, Poe used a quote from Civil War Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest when describing the military strategy that Poe felt the United States should have followed in Iraq.

White's Virginians and Marylanders had followed the railroad to Hanover from nearby Gettysburg, and taken horses, food, supplies, clothing, shoes, and other desired items from the townspeople, often paying with valueless Confederate money or drafts on the Confederate government.