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The Congo Free State was a corporate state privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians through the Association Internationale Africaine, a non-governmental organization.
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Congo and Free
The French consolidated their legal claim to the area through an 1887 convention with Congo Free State, which granted France possession of the right bank of the Oubangui River.
Roger Casement, writing to a consular colleague in Lisbon on August 3, 1903 from Lake Mantumba in the Congo Free State, said: " The people round here are all cannibals.
During the 1892 – 1894 war between the Congo Free State and the Swahili-Arab city-states of Nyangwe and Kasongo in Eastern Congo, there were reports of widespread cannibalization of the bodies of defeated Arab combatants by the Batetela allies of Belgian commander Francis Dhanis.
During its history the area has also been known as Congo, Congo Free State, Belgian Congo and Zaire.
Under Leopold II's administration, the Congo Free State became the site of one of the most infamous international scandals of the turn of the twentieth century.
The European and U. S. press agencies exposed the conditions in the Congo Free State to the public in 1900.
On 15 November 1908 King Léopold II of Belgium formally relinquished personal control of the Congo Free State.
* Congo Free State ( 1885 – 1908 )
The first organized Congolese troops, known as the ( FP ), were created in 1888 when King Leopold II of Belgium, who held the Congo Free State as his private property, ordered his Secretary of the Interior to create military and police forces for the state.
Some examples of democide cited by Rummel include the Great Purges carried out by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, the deaths from the colonial policy in the Congo Free State, and Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward, which resulted in a famine killing millions of people.
* Congo Free State and Belgian Congo ( today's Democratic Republic of the Congo )
* Congo Free State-Democratic Republic of the Congo
** Heads of state of the Congo Free State
* 1885 – The Congo Free State is established by King Léopold II of Belgium.
This resulted in the creation of the Congo Free State, the private empire of Leopold II.
Both stations were founded in the name of the Comite D ' Etudes Du Haut Congo, a predecessor organization of the Congo Free State.
The Congo Free State was eventually to give up its claim on Kigoma ( its oldest station in Central Africa ) and on any territory to the east of Lake Tanganyika, to Germany.
Congo and State
It is situated at the watershed of the Congo and Zambesi rivers, part of the district lay in Northern Rhodesia and part in the Belgian Congo State.
* 1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Congo and was
The Congo should have been mandated, because it was not ready for independence.
The Congo, in whose cause he died, was the scene of one of his greatest triumphs.
A Bureau De La Demographie ( A. Romaniuk, Director ) was formed under AIMO in the Congo, to work in close rapport with the Section Statistique of the Secretariat General.
Eventually responsibility for demographic inquiries in the Congo was transferred to the demographic division of the Central Statistical Office.
We will deal first with the program in the Congo though this was put into operation later than the other.
The radical nature of the innovation in the Congo was not emphasized in the official announcements.
Russian tanks and artillery parading through the streets of Havana, Russian intrigue in the Congo, and Russian arms drops in Laos ( using the same Ilyushin transports that were used to carry Communist agents to the Congo ) made it plain once more that the cold war was all of a piece in space and time.
A final factor which contributed greatly to the fragmentation of the Congo, immediately after independence, was the provincial structure that had been established by the Belgians for convenience in administration.
The Belgian Congo was granted its independence with what seemed a workable Western-style form of government: there were to be a president and a premier, and a bicameral legislature elected by universal suffrage in the provinces.
More than 20, 000 people were forced to leave the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2009, an action the DR Congo said was in retaliation for regular expulsion of Congolese diamond miners who were in Angola illegally.
ARIN formerly covered Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe until AfriNIC was formed.
In the group was an emcee named Ya Kid K from the Democratic Republic of the Congo who later led the group into international fame with hits like " Pump up the Jam " and " Shake That Body ".
After a referendum on territorial autonomy on 28 September 1958, French Equatorial Africa was dissolved, and its four constituent states – Gabon, Congo ( Brazzaville ), the Central African Republic, and Chad became autonomous members of the French Community from 28 November 1958.
In 1906, the Oubangui-Chari territory was united with the Chad colony ; in 1910, it became one of the four territories of the Federation of French Equatorial Africa ( AEF ), along with Chad, Middle Congo, and Gabon.
In May 2001, there was an unsuccessful coup attempt by Kolingba and once again Patassé had to turn to friends abroad for support, this time Libya and DR Congo were helpful.
When former President Kolingba attempted a coup d ’ état in 2001 ( which was, according to Patassé, supported by France ), the Movement for the Liberation of Congo ( MLC ) of Jean-Pierre Bemba in DR Congo came to his rescue.
The area now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo was populated as early as 80, 000 years ago, as shown by the 1988 discovery of the Semliki harpoon at Katanda, one of the oldest barbed harpoons ever found, and which is believed to have been used to catch giant river catfish.
Congo was settled in the 7th and 8th centuries A. D. by Bantus from present-day Nigeria.
The renamed Belgian Congo came under the administration of the Belgian parliament, which lasted until independence was granted in 1960.
At the end of the Conference on 27 January 1960 it was announced that elections would be held in the Congo on 22 May 1960, and full independence granted on 30 June 1960.
Congo and corporate
Ethical questions have been raised about responsible corporate behavior, human rights, and endangering wildlife, due to the exploitation of resources such as coltan in the armed conflict regions of the Congo Basin.
Congo and state
The state included the entire area of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo.
From the day of the arguably ill-prepared independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the tensions between the powerful leaders of the political elite, such as Joseph Kasa Vubu, Patrice Lumumba, Moise Tshombe, Joseph Mobutu and others, jeopardize the political stability of the new state.
The Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo () is the state military organisation responsible for defending the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
** Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
** Heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
* List of heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
Politics of the Republic of the Congo takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system.
The World Bank and other international financial institutions pressured Congo to institute sweeping civil service reforms in order to reduce the size of the state bureaucracy and pare back a civil service payroll that amounted to more than 20 % of GDP in 1993.
Once in power, President Ngouabi changed the country's name to the People's Republic of the Congo, declaring it to be Africa's first Marxist-Leninist state, and founded the Congolese Workers ' Party ( Parti Congolais du Travail, PCT ) as the country's sole legal political party.
Following Belgian Congo's independence as the Republic of the Congo ( Léopoldville ) in 1960, Belgian interests supported the short-lived breakaway state of Katanga ( 1960 – 1963 ).
In November 2008, the Bolivian U. N. contingent of peacekeeping troops in Congo DR was relocated to safety, as at least one other regional state was also reviewing its own mission's security.
The state included the entire area of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo and existed from 1885 to 1908.
A reduction of the population of the Congo is noted by all who have compared the country at the beginning of Leopold's control with the beginning of Belgian state rule in 1908, but estimates of the deaths toll vary considerably.
From this evidence, he inferred that the Congo was a slave state, and devoted the rest of his life to destroying it.
He renamed it the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but he could not erase the ruinous effects of the Belgian and Mobutu legacies, and the country is now in a state of chronic civil war.
Category: Heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
The 2002 peace agreement signed at the Inter-Congolese Dialogue in Sun City, South Africa, which nominally ended the Second Congo War, maintained Joseph Kabila as President and head of state of the Congo.
* Republic of the Congo ( ISO country code ), a state in Central Africa
# redirect List of heads of state of the Republic of the Congo
** List of heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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