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Court and Emperor
At the top were the Emperor and Court nobles ( kuge ), together with the Shogun and daimyo.
While Oath of the Horatii and Oath of the Tennis Court stress the importance of masculine self-sacrifice for one's country and patriotism, the Distribution of Eagles would ask for self-sacrifice for one's Emperor ( Napoleon ) and the importance of battlefield glory.
Although Emperor Kōgon ruled as cloistered Emperor, the rivalry between Ashikaga Takauji and Ashikaga Tadayoshi began, and in 1351, Takauji returned to the allegiance of the Southern Court, forcing Emperor Sukō to abdicate.
On this occasion, the Southern Court abducted Retired ( Northern ) Emperors Emperor Kōgon and Emperor Kōmyō as well as Emperor Sukō and the Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naohito, the son of Emperor Kōgon, from Kyoto to Yoshino, producing a state of affairs in which there was no Emperor in Kyoto.
Though he had a happy childhood surrounded by his many siblings, his family knew Francis was likely to be a future Emperor ( his uncle Joseph had no surviving issue from either of his two marriages ), and so in 1784 the young Archduke was sent to the Imperial Court in Vienna to educate and prepare him for his future role.
File: Shenzong of Song. jpg | Court portrait of Emperor Shenzong of Song ( r. 1067-1085 ), Chinese
Dutch ambassador Isaac Titsingh did not refuse to kowtow during the course of his 1794-1795 mission to the Imperial Court of Emperor Qianlong.
Beginning with Emperor Temmu ( 672 – 686 ), continuing through Empress Jito ( 686 – 697 ) and Emperor Mommu ( 697 – 707 ) Court Shinto rites are strengthened and made parallel to Buddhist beliefs in court life.
On March 29, 1368 ( Shōhei 23, 11th day of the 3rd month ), following the death of Emperor Go-Murakami, he was enthroned in the house of the Chief Priest at the Sumiyoshi Grand Shrine in Sumiyoshi, Osaka, where the Southern Court had made its capital.
He ruled from 1383 to October 21, 1392, becoming the last Emperor of the Southern Court.
However, this was thrown out in 1412, and all subsequent emperors came from the family of the former Northern Court rival, the ultimately successful Emperor Go-Komatsu.
In 1409, Emperor Ruprecht extended the de non Evocando privilege to include the royal High Court as well.
The Qing Court at the time was divided between progressives under the leadership of the Guangxu Emperor, and conservatives under the Empress Dowager Cixi, who had temporarily retreated to the Summer Palace as a place of " retirement ".
The Emperor Maximilian I ( 1493-1519 ) in 1498 attempted to counter the spiritual power of the Reichserzkanzler, a title associated with the Archbishopric of Mainz with a more secular position of Court Chancellor ( Hofkanzlei ), but the two became merged.
In the late period of the Roman Empire, after the adoption of the oriental royal court model by the Emperors Diocletian and Constantine, Emperors were surrounded by eunuchs for such functions as bathing, hair cutting, dressing, and bureaucratic functions, in effect acting as a shield between the Emperor and his administrators from physical contact, enjoyed great influence in the Imperial Court ( see Eusebius and Eutropius ).
Hofballmusikdirektor ( Director of Music for the Imperial and Royal Court Balls ) by Emperor Ferdinand I.
In June 1858, shortly after the Qing Court agreed to the disadvantageous treaties, more hawkish ministers prevailed upon the Xianfeng Emperor to resist encroachment by the West.

Court and Frederick
When Frederick III needed the dukes to finance war against Hungary in 1486 and at the same time had his son, later Maximilian I elected king, he was presented with the dukes ' united demand to participate in an Imperial Court.
The High Court of Cyprus had elected John of Ibelin as regent, but Henry's mother Alice of Champagne wished to appoint one of her supporters ; Alice and her party, members or supporters of the Lusignan dynasty, sided with Frederick, whose father had crowned Amalric of Lusignan king in 1197.
An initial appeal was rejected, but in a subsequent court proceeding in 1918, the birth control movement won a victory when Judge Frederick E. Crane of the New York Court of Appeals issued a ruling which allowed doctors to prescribe contraception.
More recently, in Morse v. Frederick, the Court ruled that schools could, consistent with the First Amendment, restrict student speech at school-sponsored events, even events away from school grounds, if students promote " illegal drug use.
On 13 August 1651 the Dutch Hoge Raad ( Supreme Court ) ruled that guardianship would be shared between his mother, his paternal grandmother and Frederick William, the Elector of Brandenburg, whose wife, Louise Henriette, was his father's eldest sister.
The first government was created, consisting of a County Court as well as the Anglican Frederick Parish ( for purposes of tax collection ).
* Park Court Sydenham, ( 1936 ), by Frederick Gibberd, pioneering modernist development of residential flats on the estate on Lawrie Park Road adjacent to the famous Crystal Palace Park.
* Roger Brooke Taney, the Chief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision was born and raised on a farm near Prince Frederick.
The United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia ordered Frederick County schools desegregated ( including those serving Stephens City ) in Brown v. County School Board ( 1964 ).
Frederick " Fred " A. Leuchter, Jr. is an American Federal Court qualified expert in execution technology and author of forensic Holocaust denial material.
Ståhlberg's appointment as the first President of the Supreme Administrative Court in 1918 meant that he relinquished his role as a member of Parliament, and was therefore not involved in the election by the Parliament of Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse as King of Finland in October of that year.
It was then published by Grove Press, with the complete opinion by U. S. Court of Appeals Judge Frederick van Pelt Bryan, which first established the standard of " redeeming social or literary value " as a defense against obscenity charges.
The birth of their first daughter, Princess Augusta, on 31 August 1737, took place at St James's after Princess Augusta was forced by Frederick to travel from Hampton Court Palace while in labour, simply to prevent his hated parents from being present at the birth.
* In the field of government, Rider graduates include: Nathaniel Barnes, Liberian Ambassador to the United Nations ; Frederick W. Donnelly, former Mayor of Trenton, New Jersey ; Robert E. Grossman, Judge on the U. S. Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of New York ; David Rousseau, MBA, former New Jersey State Treasurer ; and Mark S. Schweiker, MA, 44th Governor of Pennsylvania.
However, in November 1960 the business folded when Frederick and Douglas were made bankrupt at the High Court after their landlord seized the shop because they were in breach of the terms of the lease.
The College Chapel in Walnut Tree Court was designed by George Frederick Bodley and consecrated in 1891.
Gordon was more sympathetic to the Māori and had already been dismissed as a " gospel-grinding nigger lover " by retired Native Land Court judge Frederick Maning and a man of " wild democratic theories " by Premier Hall.
There were several thriving literary societies, including the Erosophic and the Phi Beta Kappa societies, which frequently had lectures by such distinguished politicians and literary figures as United States Supreme Court Justice John A. Campbell, novelist William Gilmore Simms, and Professor Frederick Barnard ( later president of Columbia University ).
John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, was named President in 1821 and a number of illustrious individuals like Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen, Johns Hopkins University President Daniel Coit Gilman and Edwin Francis Hyde, a former president of the Philharmonic Society of New York, headed up the organization over the years.
On December 1, 2006 the United States Supreme Court announced that they agreed to hear an appeal of the case ; it is Juneau School Board v. Frederick, 06-278.
* William Frederick Holmes à Court, 3rd Baron Heytesbury ( 1862 – 1903 )
In Morse v. Frederick, the Court held that schools may, consistent with the First Amendment, restrict student speech at a school-sponsored event, even those events occurring off school grounds, when that speech is reasonably viewed as promoting illegal drug use.
* In the field of law, Niagara alumni include: Jerome C. Gorski, Judge on the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division ; Frank D. O ' Connor, former Judge on the New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division ; Hugh B. Scott, Magistrate Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of New York and the first African American to become an Assistant United States Attorney ; and Frederick J. Scullin, Senior Judge on the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York.

Court and III
* 1775 – American Revolutionary War: King George III delivers his Proclamation of Rebellion to the Court of St. James's stating that the American colonies have proceeded to a state of open and avowed rebellion.
In the United States, the power of the federal judiciary to review and invalidate unconstitutional acts of the federal executive branch is stated in the constitution, Article III sections 1 and 2: " The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
* 2005 – US District Court Judge John E. Jones III rules against mandating the teaching of " intelligent design " in his ruling of Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District.
Before the entry into force of Protocol 11, Section II ( Article 19 ) set up the Commission and the Court, Sections III ( Articles 20 to 37 ) and IV ( Articles 38 to 59 ) included the high-level machinery for the operation of, respectively, the Commission and the Court, and Section V contained various concluding provisions.
Crain asserts that he " is not subject to the jurisdiction, taxation, nor regulation of the state ," that the " Internal Revenue Service, Incorporated " lacks authority to exercise the judicial power of the United States, that the Tax Court is unconstitutionally attempting to exercise Article III powers, and that jurisdiction over his person has never been affirmatively proven.
Image :' Chaucer at the Court of Edward III ', oil on canvas painting by Ford Madox Brown, 1847-1851, Art Gallery of New South Wales. jpg |' Chaucer at the Court of Edward III ', oil on canvas painting by Ford Madox Brown, 1847-1851, Art Gallery of New South Wales
Marbury v. Madison,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.
Nonetheless, the Court stopped short of compelling Madison ( by writ of mandamus ) to hand over Marbury's commission, instead holding that the provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that enabled Marbury to bring his claim to the Supreme Court was itself unconstitutional, since it purported to extend the Court's original jurisdiction beyond that which Article III established.
Furthermore, it has been argued that the Supreme Court should have been able to issue the writ on original jurisdiction based on the fact that Article III of the Constitution granted it the right to review on original jurisdiction " all cases affecting … public ministers and consuls ," and that James Madison, Secretary of State at the time and defendant of the suit, should have fallen into that category of a " public minister consul.
In 1801 the Upper House moved into the larger White Chamber, which had formerly housed the Court of Requests ; the expansion of the Peerage by King George III during the 18th century, along with the imminent Act of Union with Ireland, necessitated the move as the original chamber could not accommodate the increased number of peers.
Court accounts of Henry III of England record pears shipped from La Rochelle-Normande and presented to the King by the Sheriffs of the City of London.
" The Supreme Court holds " The judicial Power " according to Article III, and it established the implication of Judicial review in Marbury vs Madison.
According to former United States Assistant Attorney General Walter E. Dellinger III the Supreme Court and the Attorneys General have long interpreted the Take Care Clause as standing for the proposition that the President has no inherent constitutional authority to suspend the enforcement of the laws, particularly of statutes.
In the case of Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken Land & Improvement Co., the Supreme Court ruled that cases involving " a suit at the common law, or in equity, or admiralty " inherently involve judicial determination and must come before Article III courts.
In Chisholm v. Georgia,, the Supreme Court held that states were not immune from lawsuits by individuals due to the Supreme Court's Article III jurisdiction over them.
Article III of the Constitution refers to all members of the Supreme Court ( and of other federal courts ) simply as " Judges.
In 1692, Stefan Mikołaj Branicki, the son of Jan Klemens Branicki ( Marshal of the Crown Court ), obtained city rights for Białystok from King John III Sobieski.

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