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Cray-1 and used
Older high-end mainframe computers, such as the Enterprise System / 9000 members of IBM's ESA / 390 computer family, used ECL as did the Cray-1 ; and first generation Amdahl mainframes.
A number of basic design features of the machine meant that its " real world " performance was much lower than expected when first used commercially in 1974, and was one of the primary reasons CDC was pushed from its former dominance in the supercomputer market when the Cray-1 was announced in 1975.
The original Cray-1 system used an Eclipse to act as a Maintenance and Control Unit ( MCU ).

Cray-1 and only
Instead of reading any sized vector several times as in the STAR, the Cray-1 would have to read only a portion of the vector at a time, but it could then run several operations on that data prior to writing the results back to memory.
The only patents issued for the Cray-1 computer concerned the cooling system design.
However only seven had been installed when the famous Cray-1 was announced in 1975.

Cray-1 and four
Instead the Cray-1 included four 6-channel controllers, each of which was given access to main memory once every four cycles.
After thorough testing and four years of NASA use, Illiac IV was connected to the ARPANet for distributed use in November 1975, becoming the first available supercomputer, beating Cray's Cray-1 by nearly 12 months.

Cray-1 and ECL
The Cray-1 had a CPU that was mostly constructed of SSI and MSI ECL ICs.

Cray-1 and one
The first Cray-1 system was installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1976, and it went on to become one of the best known and most successful supercomputers in history.
It was generally rated at 20 MFLOPS peak for double precision ( 64-bit ), and 40 MFLOPS peak for single precision ( 32-bit ), about one fifth the normal speed of the Cray-1.
The Cray-1 dedicated almost all of its design to sustained high-speed access to memory, including over one million 64-bit words of semiconductor memory and a cycle time that was one-fifth that of the ASC ( 12. 5 ns ).
The CPU was very similar to the Cray-1 CPU in architecture, but had better memory bandwidth ( with two read ports and one write port to the main memory instead of one ) and improved chaining support.
Memory bandwidth was significantly improved over the Cray-1 — instead of one port for both reads and writes, there were now two read ports, one write port, and one dedicated to I / O.

Cray-1 and with
Most early vector CPUs, such as the Cray-1, were associated almost exclusively with scientific research and cryptography applications.
Cray-1 with internals exposed at EPFL
The first Cray-1 was delayed six months due to problems in the cooling system ; lubricant that is normally mixed with the Freon to keep the compressor running would leak through the seals and eventually coat the boards with oil until they shorted out.
The Cray-1 normally had a performance of about 80 MFLOPS, but with up to three chains running it could peak at 240 MFLOPS – a respectable number even as of 2002.
The C1 was very similar to the Cray-1 in general design, but its CPU and main memory was implemented with slower but less expensive CMOS technology.
The system initially ran the proprietary Cray Operating System ( COS ) and was object-code compatible with the Cray-1.
For compatibility with existing software written for the Cray-1 and older X-MP models, 24-bit addressing was also supported.
Instead they continued with the CDC STAR-100 while Cray went off to build the Cray-1.
Some controversy existed at LASL with the first attempt to develop an operating system for the Cray-1 named DEIMOS, a message-passing, Unix-like operating system, by Forrest Basket.

Cray-1 and ),
* In 1976, Cray Research ( a company supported by Seymour Cray's former employer Control Data Corporation ), released the Cray-1 vector computer.

Cray-1 and another
In order to gain another 10-fold increase in performance over the Cray-1, the goal Cray aimed for, the machine would have to grow more complex.

Cray-1 and slower
According to Amdahl's Law computers tend to run at the speed of their slowest unit, and in this case unless the program spent most of its time in the vector units, the slower scalar performance would make it 1 / 2 the performance of a Cray-1 at the same speed.
The processor was similar in most ways to the famed Cray-1, but did not have vector chaining capabilities and was therefore somewhat slower.

Cray-1 and for
* DEIMOS, an early message passing OS for the Cray-1, replaced by the Cray Time Sharing System
The Cray-1 was built as a 64-bit system, a departure from the 7600 / 6600 which were 60-bit machines ( a change also planned for the 8600 ).
In 1978, the first standard software package for the Cray-1 was released, consisting of three main products:
CTSS was written in a dynamic memory Fortran first named LRLTRAN which ran on CDC 7600s and renamed CVC ( pronounced " Civic ") when vectorization for the Cray-1 was added.
They received $ 1. 5 million of trade-in credit for their Cray-1.
The Cray Operating System ( COS ) was Cray Research's proprietary operating system for its Cray-1 ( 1976 ) and Cray X-MP supercomputers, and those platforms ' main OS until replaced by UNICOS in the late 1980s.
The VP2000 was similar in many ways to their earlier designs, and in turn to the Cray-1, using a register-based vector processor for performance.
The Cray Time Sharing System, also known in the Cray user community as CTSS, was developed as an operating system for the Cray-1 or Cray X-MP line of supercomputers.
Also mentioned are feats such as the inventor of the Cray-1 supercomputer toggling in the first operating system for the CDC 7600 through the front panel without notes when it was first powered on.

Cray-1 and speed
So in 1983, he set up a spinoff company, ETA Systems, whose design goal was a machine processing data at 10 GFLOPs, about 40 times the speed of the Cray-1.
Although the ASC was in some ways a more expandable design, in the supercomputer world outright speed wins, and the Cray-1 was simply much faster.

Cray-1 and ns
Relentless improvements changed things by the mid-1970s, however, and the Cray-1 had been able to use newer ICs and still run at a respectable 12. 5 ns ( 80 MHz ).

Cray-1 and 1
The Cray-1S, announced in 1979, was an improved Cray-1 that supported a larger main memory of 1, 2, or 4 million words.
Image: Cray-1 ( 1 ). jpg | Cray-1 at Computer History Museum
The original algorithm as simulated in 1983 by Schroeder and Atal required 150 seconds to encode 1 second of speech when run on a Cray-1 supercomputer.
Carnivorous plants have an SQ of + 1, while the Cray-1 had an SQ of + 9.

0.227 seconds.