It is certain that the Venetians and others were active traders in Constantinople, making a living out of shipping goods between the Crusader Kingdoms of Outremer and the West, while also trading extensively with Byzantium and Egypt.

A series of religiously-motivated military expeditions originally intended to liberate the Levant from Muslims, several Crusader States were founded in the eastern Mediterranean.

Crusader settlement in the Levant resembled the types of colonization and settlement that were already being practised in Europe, a mixture of urban and rural civilization centred around fortresses.

When the rest of the Crusader army did not follow, the Templars, including their Grand Master, were surrounded and beheaded.

Other orders were established in the Iberian peninsula, under the influence of the orders in the Holy Land and the Crusader movement of the Reconquista:

Although Saladin eliminated Christian control of the Holy Land around 1190, the Crusader states in Lebanon and Syria were better defended.

Knowing that Crusader forces were massed upon the frontier to intercept him, he took the desert route across the Sinai Peninsula to Ailah at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba.

* Crusader was one of the GWR 3031 Class locomotives that were built for and run on the Great Western Railway between 1891 and 1915

On the southern face are the Hulda Gates — the triple gate ( which has three arches ) and the double gate ( which has two arches, and is partly obscured by a Crusader building ); these were the entrance and exit ( respectively ) to the Temple Mount from Ophel ( the oldest part of Jerusalem ), and the main access to the Mount for ordinary Jews.

In an effort to demonstrate the Byzantine ideal of the emperor's role as the leader of the Christian world, John marched into Muslim Syria at the head of the combined forces of Byzantium and the Crusader states ; yet despite the great vigour with which he pressed the campaign, John's hopes were disappointed by the treachery of his Crusader allies, who deliberately failed to fight against their common Muslim enemies at the crucial moment.

In the Crusader states of the Levant it was generally admitted that the Byzantine claims over Antioch were legally valid, though it was pragmatically viewed that only when the Byzantine emperor was in a position to enforce them militarily were they likely to be recognised in practice.

Alternatively these paintings may be of a Masonic motivation as in the 18th century it was believed that the Crusader Military orders, such as The Poor Knights of the Temple of Solomon ( Knights Templar ) and the Knights of St John ( Hospitallers ), were in some way inexplicably linked.

Like the earlier Crusader Rabbit, the Rocky and Bullwinkle adventures were multi-part serials.

Alexios accompanied Boniface back to the Crusader fleet, which had moved on to Corcyra, and the Venetians were in favour of the plan when they learned of it.

The Crusader armies were made up of many different nationalities bound only by faith in the same God.

Although a residual Byzantine state known as the Empire of Nicaea survived the Crusader onslaught and eventually recovered Constantinople ( 1261 ), many of the original Byzantine territories, including Paros, were lost permanently to the crusading powers.

NBC and Fairbanks were unimpressed with all but Crusader Rabbit ( though Dudley would make his appearance, finally, 10 years later ).

It became the headquarters of the dwindling Kingdom of Jerusalem, and the base of operations for any future military attempts by the Crusaders against the Egyptian Mamluks, who for their part were systematically conquering any last Crusader strongholds on the mainland.

The " Chinon Parchment suggests that the Templars did indeed spit on the cross ," says Sean Martin, and that these acts were intended to simulate the kind of humiliation and torture that a Crusader might be subjected to if captured by the Saracens, where they were taught how to commit apostasy " with the mind only and not with the heart ".

No further video releases of Crusader Rabbit were produced.

* There were two Dell Publishing comic books featuring Crusader Rabbit and Rags.

Instead of three classes, Hexen II features four: Paladin, Crusader, Assassin, and Necromancer, each with their own unique weapons and play style.

Unlike earlier " Christie cruisers "( A13, Marks III and IV and the Mark V Covenanter ) that were built with 4 road wheels, Crusader had five road wheels each side to improve weight distribution in a tank that weighed almost 20 tons instead of the 14 tons of the previous cruisers.

In Operation Crusader the two British Corps were disposed such that they could not support each other, but it was expected that as the British outnumbered the German and Italian forces in tanks, the tank against tank battles would be decided in their favour.

These were not solely Crusader regiments but mixed Crusader and Valentine tanks ; within each squadron two troops were Crusader IIIs and there were Crusader II CS attached to the Squadron HQ.

Strange administers it to Batman after the Giants capture him, saying it will work in 18 hrs, but despite being knocked out for over 17 hrs, the Caped Crusader saves himself by creating a drug that prevented any abnormal secretions from the pituitary gland with minutes to spare, after tricking two of the monsters into killing each other.

During his military career, he logged more than 3, 200 flight hours on the F-8 Crusader, more than any other pilot.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the other Crusader states, with Moslem states ( in shades of green ) in 1135 during the reign of Melisende.

Domestically, Henry appears to have a different character than many of the other Crusader nobles as seen in his even-handed and pragmatic treatment of the Greeks.

During the next several months the other Crusader armies arrived.

She left no similar portrait of any other Crusader prince.

The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the other Crusader states in 1135 AD, during the reign of Fulk.

Remaining as a truncated Crusader enclave, Latakia had lost its prominence and was already declining as other ports, such as Tripoli and Alexandria, developed.

The Samaritan synagogue, built in 362 CE by the high priest Akbon and converted into a church by the Crusaders, was converted into al-Khadra Mosque in 1244 ; and two other Crusader churches became the an-Nasr Mosque and al-Masakim Mosque during that century.

Unlike the other Crusader states, the County was landlocked ; it was remote from the other states and was not on particularly good terms with its closest neighbor, the Principality of Antioch.

Richard meanwhile began to resume his journey to Acre and, with much needed respite, new funds and reinforcements, set sail for the Holy Land accompanied by the King of Jerusalem, Guy of Lusignan, and various other high ranking nobles of the Western Crusader states.

Antioch and the other Crusader States were constantly at war with the Muslim states of Northern Syria and the Jazeerah, principally Aleppo and Mosul.

Much of the army was killed by the Hungarians ; the rest split up to join the other Crusader armies, and Emicho went back home to his family, where he was scorned for not fulfilling his vow to capture Jerusalem.

However, the other Crusader leaders, who saw the necessity for cooperation with the Byzantine Emperor and eastern Christians, were horrified and persuaded Dagobert to call off the blockade.

When referring to Kaloyan's realm and subjects, contemporary Crusader sources ( including the works of Geoffroy de Villehardouin, Henri de Valenciennes, Robert de Clari ) other contemporary sources ( like that of William de Rubruquis and Roger Bacon's " Opus Maius "), as well as the letters of the Latin Emperor Henry of Flanders ) represent Kaloyan as King of Wallachia, ruler of Wallachians and leader of Wallachian armies, and sometimes as ruler of Wallachians and Bulgarians.

That summer Hugh's army left France for Italy, where they would cross the Adriatic Sea into territory of the Byzantine Empire, unlike the other Crusader armies who were travelling by land.

The Principality also produced a unique set of laws, the " Assizes of Romania ", which combined aspects of Byzantine and French law, and became the basis for the laws of the other Crusader States.

Compared to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the other Crusader states had less land suitable for farming ; however, the limestone peaks of Tripoli were well-suited to defensive sites.

While other Crusader strongholds were under threat, Krak des Chevaliers and its garrison of 2, 000 soldiers dominated the surrounding area.

Their new Khan launched a daring strike at Coventry in the Lyran Alliance and managed to restore the Jade Falcons ' strength by winning possession of other Crusader units in the Harvest Trials.

Beginning her career as an author in the 1920s, Lady Listowel produced a volume of short stories about Hungarian society, as well as other works including: This I Have Seen ( 1943 ), which was an account of her early life, " Crusader In The Secret War " ( 1952 ), an account of the activities of Jan Kowalewski during WW2, Manual of Modern Manners ( 1959 ) The Modern Hostess ( 1961 ), which attracted widespread attention, The Making of Tanganyika ( 1965 ) and Dusk on the Danube ( 1969 ).

Bohemond had sent messengers to the other Crusader army and now struggled to hold on until help arrived, and his army was being forced back to the bank of the Thymbris river.

With no help from the other Crusader states, the city was again lost in November, as Joscelin's expedition was driven out by Zengi's son Nur ad-Din.