* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

The word " Bohemian " was used to denote the Czech people as well as the Czech language before the word " Czech " became prevalent in English.

If the Czech ethnic origin was to be stressed, combinations like " Bohemian of Bohemian language "( Čech českého jazyka ), " a real Bohemian " ( pravý Čech ) etc.

Czech (; čeština ) is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers ; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide.

As given by appropriate laws, courts and authorities can enact and write out documents and judgements in the Czech language ( also, financial authorities in the Slovak language ).

Speakers of Czech and Slovak usually understand both languages in their written and spoken form, thus constituting a pluricentric language, though some dialects or heavily accented speech in either language might present difficulties to speakers of the other ( in particular, Czech speakers may find Eastern Slovak dialects difficult to comprehend ).

The Czech language developed from the Proto-Slavic language at the close of the 1st millennium.

Czech features a phoneme that is said to be unique to the language, the consonant ř.

In later centuries the number of letters drops dramatically, to fewer than 30 in modern Croatian and Czech recensions of the Church Slavic language.

The language of the Hattusa tablets was eventually deciphered by a Czech linguist, Bedřich Hrozný ( 1879 – 1952 ), who on 24 November 1915 announced his results in a lecture at the Near Eastern Society of Berlin.

However, the religious vocabulary ( words like baptism, sermon, prayer, church, apostle, bishop or confirmation ) were adopted from the Czech language and had to come from Dobrawa's entourage and the church elements that arrived with her.

# The Silesian language is spoken in the Upper Silesia region, mainly in the Silesian Voivodeship and Opole Voivodeship in Poland and also in the Moravian – Silesian Region in Czech Republic.

" Landsmål ", which is the foundation of modern Norwegian, was the first language to follow this program, and it was joined by modern Czech, Slovak, Finnish and later by Hebrew as nationalizing languages.

As the war advanced west, he fled to Norway, then was smuggled in a coffin by the Norwegian underground ( with his wife, Czech anthropologist Svatava Pirkova, disguised as a peasant woman ) over the border to Sweden, where he continued his work at the Karolinska Hospital ( with works on aphasia and language competence ).

Klement returned his bicycle to the manufacturers, Seidel and Naumann, with a letter, in Czech, asking them to carry out repairs, only to receive a reply, in German, stating: " If you would like an answer to your inquiry, you should try writing in a language we can understand ".

Others have bounced back considerably beyond that threshold however ( e. g., Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia ), and some, such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, underwent an economic boom ( see Baltic Tiger ), although all have suffered from the 2009 recession.

In 1017 with Czech and Wendish support Henry II once again invaded Poland, however, once again to very little effect.

Modern authors from the Czech territory who wrote in other languages ( e. g. German ) are however sometimes considered separately, thus Franz Kafka, for example, who wrote in German ( though he was also fluent in Czech ), is often considered part of Austrian or German literature.

Hus ' writings center on technical, theological questions ; however, he did publish a set of his Czech sermons and created rules of orthography and grammar that would be used to create the foundations of modern Czech in the 17th and 18th centuries.

After visiting the Czech Republic, however, he agreed that some form of castration might be of benefit to some sex offenders.

The strength or prominence of this policy within the Czech government may be uneven, however, and the state appears to have rebuffed dual citizenship overtures from ethnic Czechs living in the comparatively large diaspora of former Czechs in Western countries.

The Art Nouveau style however, was one that Mucha attempted to disassociate himself from throughout his life ; he always insisted that rather than maintaining any fashionable stylistic form, his paintings were entirely a product of himself and Czech art.

Marie's relation to Regensburg's Thurn and Taxis is rather distant, however ; she was married to Alexander Thurn and Taxis, a member of the family's branch that in the early 19th century settled in Bohemia ( now Czech Republic ) and became strongly connected to Czech national culture and history.

In mostly non-religious countries ( e. g. Czech Republic ), the cards are rather called New Year Cards, however they are sent before Christmas and the emphasis ( design, texts ) is mostly given to the New Year, omitting religious symbols.

Bruce Arena looked to match or surpass that feat in 2006 ; however, the U. S. team was drawn into a group of death with eventual Winners Italy and two other highly regarded teams in the Czech Republic and Ghana.

It is named after Mount Tabor, which is believed by many to be the place of the Transfiguration of Christ ; however, the name became popular and nowadays translates to " camp " or " encampment " in the Czech language.

Poland, as well as Bohemia ( modern Czech Republic ) however, possessed a white-and-red flag before the movement, which were based on early medieval influences ; and are unrelated to the Russian flag.

Czech Prime Minister of that time Jan Fischer, however, was confident that Klaus would eventually sign the Lisbon treaty, saying: " There is no reason for anxiety in Europe.

Earlier, it was thought that Bräslav was the person who gave the town Pressburg its German name Brezalauspurc ( see 907 ), later Pressburg, and maybe also its new Slovak name Bratislava ; nowadays, it is assumed that Pressburg / Brezalauspurc is a distortion of Predeslausburg, a name derived from Predslav, who was ( according to some historians ) the ruler of Bratislava around 900 and the 3rd son of the Great Moravian king Svätopluk ; the modern Slovak name Bratislava, however, is assumed to be derived ( by mistake ) from the name of the Czech ruler Bretislav I.

The Filharmonie served, however, as an important proving-ground for this budding circle of Czech modernists and their ideas ; by regulation, its only female member was Marie Prášková, who became Novák's wife in 1912.

In 1931, however, legendary Czech businessman Tomas Bata decided to acquire land in Chełmek, to built a shoe factory here, together with a settlement for workers.

Charles University, however, would become the nucleus of intense Czech particularism.

The pope, however, rejected the compact, thus preventing the reconciliation of Czech Catholics with the Utraquists.

These concessions, however, seemed insufficient to a newly developing Czech commercial and industrial bourgeoisie.

Work on the cathedral, however, proceeded rather slowly, due to the fact that in the meantime the Emperor commissioned Parler with many other projects, such as the construction of the new Charles bridge in Prague and many churches throughout the Czech realm.

The gusle should, however, not be confused with the Russian gusli, which is a psaltery-like instrument ; nor with the Czech term for violin, housle.

* 2008 – A EuroCity express train en-route from Kraków, Poland to Prague, Czech Republic strikes a part of a motorway bridge that had fallen onto the railroad track near Studénka railway station in the Czech Republic and derails, killing 8 people and injuring 64 others.

In 2006, the Czech Republic had a total 121 airports.

His mother, of Irish and German descent, had been a reviewer of film and theatre for the Akron Beacon Journal before marrying his father, a businessman of Czech and German descent who worked for the B. F. Goodrich Company.

In 1937, he had begun an intense affair with the Czech actress Lída Baarová, causing the break-up of her marriage.

The German occupation of the Czech area of Czecho-Slovakia on the Ides of March, in total contravention of the Munich Agreement that had been signed less than six months before, infuriated British and French public opinion and lost Germany all sympathy.

He went on to study law at Prague University ; during that time he also became involved in theatre ( as an actor he first appeared in Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek's play Czech and German in July 1832 in Benešov ), where he met Eleonora Šomková, with whom he had a son out of wedlock.

Beria was deeply disturbed by these charges, as large amounts of Czech arms had been sold to Israel on his direct orders.

Hypothetically, if the OH had been discovered earlier for Czech historians, it could have acted positive and surely combative activist role ( as A. Freund.

Heydrich was attacked in Prague on 27 May 1942 by a British-trained team of Czech and Slovak soldiers who had been sent by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to kill him in an operation code named Operation Anthropoid.

A Gestapo report stated that Lidice was suspected as the hiding place of the assailants as it was known that several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there.

In its original Czech, robota means forced labour of the kind that serfs had to perform on their masters ' lands, and is derived from rab, meaning " slave.

In 1890 Royal and Imperial Czech Charles Ferdinand University had 112 teachers and 2, 191 students and the Royal and Imperial German Charles Ferdinand University had 146 teachers and 1, 483 students.

It had numerous editions in different languages including Latin, French, Italian, English, and even Czech.

Despite the inspired nonviolent resistance of the Czech and Slovak population, the reformers had little hope of holding out against Soviet pressure and ultimately were forced to accede to Soviet demands, signing the Moscow protocols.

The film had " dazzling " debuts in Hungary, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and New Zealand.

One 419 scam that ended in murder occurred in February 2003, when Jiří Pasovský, a 72 year old scam victim from the Czech Republic, shot and killed 50 year old Michael Lekara Wayid, an official at the Nigerian embassy in Prague, and injured another person, after the Nigerian Consul General explained he could not return $ 600, 000 that Pasovský had lost to a Nigerian scammer.

These events had a wide impact on the cultural history of Czech lands, as they were consequently incorporated into the Roman Catholic and not into the Slavic-Orthodox world.

It also forms an important plot element when patrons of Rick's Café Américain, spontaneously led by Czech underground leader Victor Laszlo, sing the actual song to drown out Nazi officers who had started singing " Die Wacht am Rhein ", thus causing Rick's to be shut down.

His employer, a Czech studio, fired him, claiming that he had been out of the country illegally.

Czech writer Arnošt Lustig recounts in his book 3x18 that Joseph Heller told him that he would never have written Catch-22 had he not first read The Good Soldier Švejk by Jaroslav Hašek.

Another 11 men who were not in the village that day were arrested and murdered soon afterwards as were eight men and seven women already under arrest because they had relations serving with the Czech army in exile in the United Kingdom.

The Czech band Silent Stream of Godless Elegy had formed in 1995 as a doom metal band " laced with Pagan imagery and adventurous enough to include violins and cellos alongside the expected modern day arsenal.