The U. S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, initiated the WALRUS program in 2005, a technology development initiative focused on ultra heavy air lift technology explorations.

Concerning information processing, DARPA made great progress, initially through its support of the development of time-sharing ( all modern operating systems rely on concepts invented for the Multics system, developed by a cooperation among Bell Labs, General Electric and MIT, which DARPA supported by funding Project MAC at MIT with an initial two-million-dollar grant ).

* Outsourced support personnel: DARPA extensively leverages technical, contracting, and administrative services from other DoD agencies and branches of the military.

It was founded at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Computer Science ( MIT / LCS ) with support from the European Commission and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ), which had pioneered the Internet and its predecessor ARPANET.

Many people were involved in the production, most notably: Nicholas Negroponte, founder and director of the Architecture Machine Group, who found support for the project from the Cybernetics Technology Office of DARPA ; Andrew Lippman, principal investigator ; Bob Mohl, who designed the map overlay system and ran user studies of the efficacy of the system for his PhD thesis ; Richard Leacock ( Ricky ), who headed the MIT Film / Video section and shot along with MS student Marek Zalewski the Cinéma vérité interviews placed behind the facades of key buildings ; John Borden, of Peace River Films in Cambridge, MA, who designed the stabilization rig ; Kristina Hooper of UCSC ; Rebecca Allen ; Scott Fisher, who matched the photos of Aspen in the silver-mining days from the historical society to the same scenes in Aspen in 1978 and who experiment with anamorphic imaging of the city ( using a Volpe lens ); Walter Bender, who designed and built the interface, the client / server model, and the animation system ; Steve Gregory ; Stan Sasaki, who built much of the electronics ; Steve Yelick, who worked on the laserdisc interface and anamorphic rendering ; Eric " Smokehouse " Brown, who built the metadata encoder / decoder ; Paul Heckbert worked on the animation system ; Mark Shirley and Paul Trevithick, who also worked on the animation ; Ken Carson ; Howard Eglowstein ; and Michael Naimark, who was at the Center for Advanced Visual Studies and was responsible for the cinematography design and production.

Considerable support came from DARPA, the US defense agency, who wished to automate mundane tasks performed by government analysts, such as scanning newspapers for possible links to terrorism.

The proposal eventually gained the support of Vinton Cerf and DARPA.

A big boost in research support also came from the military, especially from DARPA ( Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ), for their interest in portable bio / chemical warfare agent detection systems.

The Johns Hopkins Center for Language and Speech Processing ( CLSP ) was established at Johns Hopkins University in 1992 with support from the U. S. government ( NSF, DARPA, DoD ).

* develop a small, low-cost, low-power radio that would support more sophisticated packet radio protocols than the DARPA Packet Radio project from the 1970s

The original version of the Handle System technology was developed with support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ).

Researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Georgia Institute of Technology, with the support of DARPA and NATO C3 Agency, have shown that it is possible to build a synthetic aperture image of an aircraft target using passive multistatic radar.

One feature that IBM and DARPA collaborated on is modifying the addressing and page table hardware to support global shared memory space for POWER7 clusters.

In recent years DARPA and NIST have reduced support for maskless lithography in the U. S.

MasPar along with NCUBE criticized the open government support, by DARPA, of competitors Intel for their hypercube Personal SuperComputers ( iPSC ) and the Thinking Machines Connection Machine on the pages of Datamation.

The original telesurgery robotic system that the da Vinci was based on was developed at SRI International in Menlo Park with grant support from DARPA and NASA.

Recently, the term disruption-tolerant networking has gained currency in the United States due to support from DARPA, which has funded many DTN projects.

In July 1996 DARPA went on to host the " Wearables in 2005 " workshop, bringing together industrial, university and military visionaries to work on the common theme of delivering computing to the individual.

Engelbart's research was funded by DARPA, and SRI's ARC became involved with the ARPANET, the precursor of the Internet.

BIND was written by Douglas Terry, Mark Painter, David Riggle and Songnian Zhou in the early 1980s at the University of California, Berkeley as a result of a DARPA grant.

DARPA has been responsible for funding the development of many technologies which have had a major effect on the world, including computer networking, as well as NLS, which was both the first hypertext system, and an important precursor to the contemporary ubiquitous graphical user interface.

Its original name was simply Advanced Research Projects Agency ( ARPA ), but it was renamed to " DARPA " ( for Defense ) in March 1972, then renamed " ARPA " again in February 1993, and then renamed " DARPA " again in March 1996.

DARPA was established during 1958 ( as ARPA ) in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik during 1957, with the mission of keeping U. S. military technology more sophisticated than that of the nation's potential enemies.

DARPA ’ s original mission, established in 1958, was to prevent technological surprise like the launch of Sputnik, which signaled that the Soviets had beaten the U. S. into space.

DARPA was created as the Advanced Research Projects Agency ( ARPA ) by the Supplemental Military Construction Authorization ( Air Force ) ( Public Law 85-325 ) and Department of Defense Directive 5105. 15, in February 1958.

The agency was renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) in 1972, and during the early 1970s, it emphasized direct energy programs, information processing, and tactical technologies.

DARPA also funded the development of the Douglas Engelbart's NLS computer system and The Mother of All Demos ; and the Aspen Movie Map, which was probably the first hypermedia system and an important precursor of virtual reality.

Some contend that the amendment devastated American science, since ARPA / DARPA was a major funding source for basic science projects of the time ; the National Science Foundation never made up the difference as expected.

developed in the early 1990s part of the DARPA knowledge Sharing Effort, which was aimed at developing techniques for building large-scale knowledge bases which are

In the early days, Cerf was a program manager for the United States Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) funding various groups to develop TCP / IP technology.

PARC's West Coast location proved to be advantageous in the mid-1970s, when the lab was able to hire many employees of the nearby SRI Augmentation Research Center as that facility's funding from DARPA, NASA, and the U. S. Air Force began to diminish.

The DARPA Agent Markup Language ( DAML ) was the name of a US funding program at the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) started in 1999 by then-Program Manager James Hendler, and later run by Murray Burke, Mark Greaves and Michael Pagels.

This language was then followed by an extension entitled DAML + OIL which included researchers outside of the DARPA program in the design.

Funding for the IAO was subsequently cut and Poindexter retired from DARPA on August 12, 2003.

In the 1960s, BBN was involved in a number of LISP-based artificial intelligence projects for DARPA, many of which had very large ( for the era ) memory requirements.

It was first developed as Project Orion by DARPA, after a suggestion by Stanislaw Ulam in 1947.

DARPA declared a winner on December 2, 2011 ( the winning entry was submitted 33 days after the challenge began )-the winner was " All Your Shreds Are Belong To U. S ." using a combination system that used automated sorting to pick the best fragment combinations to be reviewed by humans.

* The Dynamic Analysis and Replanning Tool ( DART ), which is said to alone have paid back during the years from 1991 to 1995 for all thirty years of DARPA investments in AI research.

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technologies for use by the military.

Today, DARPA ’ s mission is still to prevent technological surprise to the US, but also to create technological surprise for our enemies.

DARPA achievements for the past 50 years

The Mansfield Amendment of 1973 expressly limited appropriations for defense research ( through ARPA / DARPA ) to projects with direct military application.

In addition, DARPA began to pursue new concepts for small, lightweight satellites ( LIGHTSAT ) and directed new programs regarding defense manufacturing, submarine technology, and armor / anti-armor.

* Autonomy and freedom from bureaucratic impediments: DARPA has an exemption from Title V civilian personnel specifications, which provides for a direct authority to hire talents with the expediency not allowed by the standard civil service processes.

* Hiring continuity and change: DARPA ’ s technical staff is hired or assigned for four to six years.

This provides DARPA the flexibility to get into and out of an area without the burden of sustaining staff, while building cooperative alliances with its “ agents .” These outside agents help create a constituency in their respective organizations for adopting the technology.

* DARPA XG-technology for Dynamic Spectrum Access for assured military communications

* DARPA Silent Talk-A planned program attempting to identify EEG patterns for words and transmit these for covert communications.

DARPA also appears in three novels by Andy McDermott, The Search for Excalibur, The Covenant of Genesis and The Empire of Gold.

In 1985, the U. S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA ) and AeroVironment used Quetzalcoatlus northropi as the basis for an experimental ornithopter UAV.