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DSM and has
Critics, such as psychiatrist Niall McLaren, argue that the DSM lacks validity because it has no relation to an agreed scientific model of mental disorder and therefore the decisions taken about its categories ( or even the question of categories versus dimensions ) were not scientific ones ; and that it lacks reliability partly because different diagnoses share many criteria, and what appear to be different criteria are often just rewordings of the same idea, meaning that the decision to allocate one diagnosis or another to a patient is to some extent a matter of personal prejudice.
Despite caveats in the introduction to the DSM, it has long been argued that its system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and uses arbitrary cut-offs between normal and abnormal.
It has also been alleged that the way the categories of the DSM are structured, as well as the substantial expansion of the number of categories, are representative of an increasing medicalization of human nature, which may be attributed to disease mongering by psychiatrists and pharmaceutical companies, the power and influence of the latter having grown dramatically in recent decades.
In addition, the publishing of the DSM, with tightly guarded copyrights, has in itself earned over $ 100 million for the American Psychiatric Association.
It has been noted that the DSM often uses definitions and terminology that are inconsistent with a recovery model, and that can erroneously imply excess psychopathology ( e. g. multiple " comorbid " diagnoses ) or chronicity.
Former DSM psychiatrist Allen Frances has expressed concern regarding what he calls ' commercialism and heavy handed censorship ' in the DSM-V process.
In 2011, psychologist Brent Robbins co-authored a national letter for the Society for Humanistic Psychology that has brought thousands into the public debate about the DSM.
The Distinguished Service Medal ( DSM ) is a military award of the United States Army that is presented to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the United States military, has distinguished himself or herself by exceptionally meritorious service to the Government in a duty of great responsibility.
This has developed alongside the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) and the two manuals seek to use the same codes.
It has long been argued that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and between normal and abnormal.
" Except for the removal of homosexuality from the DSM-III onwards, this definition provided a general standard that has guided specific definitions of paraphilias in subsequent DSM editions, up to DSM-IV-TR.
The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) has eliminated the category of " neurosis ", reflecting a decision by the editors to provide descriptions of behavior as opposed to hidden psychological mechanisms as diagnostic criteria, and, according to The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, it is " no longer used in psychiatric diagnosis ".
Of those with fragile X syndrome, prevalence of concurrent autism spectrum disorder ( ASD ) has been estimated to be between 15 and 60 %, with the variation due to differences in diagnostic methods and the high frequency of autistic features in individuals with fragile X syndrome not meeting the DSM criteria for an ASD.
There has been controversy over various editions of the DSM including the latest edition, DSM-V, due in May 2013.
The term algolagnia has since fallen into rare usage, and there is no entry for it in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM IV-TR, however inflicting pain on others has been termed " active algolagnia " and equated to the pathological form of sadism in Mosby's Medical Dictionary, which also equates the pathological form of masochism to " passive algolagnia ", however it cannot be a pathological ( dangerous ) paraphilia form of sadism or masochism unless it involves pain inflicted on " non-consenting " persons or animals, or " cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulty.
The construct has been described as a hybrid of the impulsive and borderline subtypes of the ICD-10's Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder, and also incorporates six of the nine DSM BPD criteria.
If a sexual fetish causes significant psychosocial distress for the person or has detrimental effects on important areas of their life, it is diagnosable as a paraphilia in the DSM and the ICD.
The American Psychiatric Association has formed working committees to revise by 2011 its Diagnostic and Statistic Manual ( DSM ), the definitive resource on the Diagnostic Criteria for all mental disorders.
Statements currently within the DSM Paraphilias criteria are contradicted by scientific evidence, therefore NCSF must conclude that the interpretation of the Paraphilias criteria has been politically – not scientifically – based.
Due to its artifactual nature, psychiatric comorbidity has been considered as a Kuhnian anomaly leading the DSM to a scientific crisis and a comprehensive review on the matter considers comorbidity as an epistemological challenge to modern psychiatry.
A proposal to add Sexual Addiction to the DSM system has been rejected by the APA, as not enough evidence suggested to them that the condition is analogous to substance addictions, as that name would imply.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) defines six subtypes of the disorder characterized as erotomanic ( believes that someone is in love with him / her ), grandiose ( believes that he / she is the greatest, strongest, fastest, richest, and / or most intelligent person ever ), jealous ( believes that the love partner is cheating on him / her ), persecutory ( believes that someone is following him / her to do some harm in some way ), somatic ( believes that he / she has a disease or medical condition ), and mixed, i. e., having features of more than one subtype.
HSDD, as currently defined by the DSM has come under criticism of the social function of the diagnosis.

DSM and for
`` He recommended both of them for the DSM and the Detroit fellow for the Purple Heart, too, for a combat-inflicted wound.
To be diagnosed with mania according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ), a person must experience this state of elevated or irritable mood, as well as other symptoms, for at least one week, less if hospitalization is required.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ), the widely used psychiatric manual that defines all mental disorders, uses the term general medical condition to refer to all diseases, illnesses, and injuries except for mental disorders.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) published by the American Psychiatric Association provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
The DSM can be used clinically in this way, and also to categorize patients using diagnostic criteria for research purposes.
Studies done on specific disorders often recruit patients whose symptoms match the criteria listed in the DSM for that disorder.
Further, a shared diagnosis or label may have different causes or require different treatments ; for this reason the DSM contains no information regarding treatment or cause.
These are long-standing criticisms of the DSM, originally highlighted by the Rosenhan experiment in the 1970s, and continuing despite some improved reliability since the introduction of more specific rule-based criteria for each condition.
Proponents argue that the inter-rater reliability of DSM diagnoses ( via a specialized Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( SCID ) rather than usual psychiatric assessment ) is reasonable, and that there is good evidence of distinct patterns of mental, behavioral or neurological dysfunction to which the DSM disorders correspond well.
The DSM does include a step (" Axis IV ") for outlining " Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder " once someone is diagnosed with that particular disorder.
Indeed, Robert Spitzer, a past editor and leading proponent of scientific impartiality in the DSM, conceded that a significant reason that certain diagnoses ( the paraphilias ) would not, in his opinion, be removed from the DSM is because " it would be a public relations disaster for psychiatry ".
The ICD is actually the official system for the US, although many mental health professionals do not realize this due to the dominance of the DSM.
DSM displays could be operated in transmissive and in reflective mode but they required a considerable current to flow for their operation.
DSM-11 was superseded by VAX / DSM for the VAX / VMS platform, and that was ported to the Alpha in two variants: DSM for OpenVMS, and as DSM for Ultrix.

DSM and standardizing
In the mental health discourse, for example, has been demonstrated the metageneric function of the American Psychiatric Association's ( DSM ) for standardizing and mediating the localized epistemological communicative practices of psychiatrists.

DSM and psychiatric
The range of the DSM represents an extensive scope of psychiatric and psychological issues or conditions, and it is not exclusive to what may be considered " illnesses ".
The lack of a causative or explanatory basis, however, is not specific to the DSM, but rather reflects a general lack of pathophysiological understanding of psychiatric disorders.
A 2009 psychiatric review noted that attempts to demonstrate natural boundaries between related DSM syndromes, or between a common DSM syndrome and normality, have failed.
Brief reactive psychosis, referred to in the DSM IV-TR as " brief psychotic disorder with marked stressor ( s )", is the psychiatric term for psychosis which can be triggered by an extremely stressful event in the life of an individual.
The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used worldwide as a key guide for diagnosing disorders.
The psychiatric handbook, the DSM ( see below ), used to call this sexual disorder by the name frottage until the second edition ( DSM II ).
According to DSM IV ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, IV edition ), where all psychiatric illnesses are represented as numerals to avoid confusion, frotteurism is classified as 302. 89.
Though the psychiatric establishment once medicalized same-sex desire, homosexuality was later removed in 1974 as a mental disorder from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) because it wasn't supported by sound scientific evidence and didn't meet the criteria for a mental disorder.
The American Psychiatric Association ( APA ) considered and rejected a proposal to add sexual addiction to its list of psychiatric disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ).
In 1986 all references to homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder were removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) of the American Psychiatric Association.
Soldiers received increased psychiatric attention, and World War II saw the development in the US of a new psychiatric manual for categorizing mental disorders, which along with existing systems for collecting census and hospital statistics led to the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ).
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ( DSM ) is the psychiatric profession ’ s official classification manual of mental disorders since its first published version DSM-I in by the APA, 1952.

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