The construct has been described as a hybrid of the impulsive and borderline subtypes of the ICD-10's Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder, and also incorporates six of the nine DSM BPD criteria.

Critics, such as psychiatrist Niall McLaren, argue that the DSM lacks validity because it has no relation to an agreed scientific model of mental disorder and therefore the decisions taken about its categories ( or even the question of categories versus dimensions ) were not scientific ones ; and that it lacks reliability partly because different diagnoses share many criteria, and what appear to be different criteria are often just rewordings of the same idea, meaning that the decision to allocate one diagnosis or another to a patient is to some extent a matter of personal prejudice.

Another example is a strong operationalist viewpoint, which contends that reliance on operational definitions, as purported by the DSM, necessitates that intuitive concepts such as depression be replaced by specific measurable concepts before they are scientifically meaningful.

There are significant differences, however, such as the ICD including personality disorders in the same way as other mental disorders, while the DSM lists them on a separate ' axis '.

Popularist labels such as psychopath ( or sociopath ) do not appear in the DSM or ICD but are linked by some to these diagnoses.

There is scientific and political controversy regarding the continued inclusion of sex-related diagnoses such as the paraphilias in the DSM.

Researcher Anil Aggrawal writes that the 1952 first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) specified " the type of the pathological behavior, such as homosexuality, transvestism, pedophilia, fetishism, and sexual sadism, including rape, sexual assault, mutilation ).

A majority of those diagnosed with DID meet the criteria for DSM axis II personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder ; a significant minority meet the criteria for avoidant personality disorder and other personality disorders.

They assert that DID cannot be accurately diagnosed because of vague and unclear diagnostic criteria in the DSM and undefined concepts such as " personality state " and " identities ", and question the evidence for childhood abuse beyond self-reports, the lack of definition of what would indicate a threshold of abuse sufficient to induce DID and the extremely small number of cases of children diagnosed with DID despite an average age of appearance of the first alter of three years.

The APA wrote in the second edition of the DSM: " In the dissociative type, alterations may occur in the patient's state of consciousness or in his identity, to produce such symptoms as amnesia, somnambulism, fugue, and multiple personality.

Some, such as Johns Hopkins psychologist John Gartner, argue that hypomania is better understood as a stable non-pathological temperament rather than an episode of mental illness The DSM however clearly defines hypomania as an aberrant state, not a stable trait.

As a result of such accumulated research, professionals in medicine, mental health, and the behavioral and social sciences, opposing the classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder, claimed the conclusion that it was inaccurate, and that the DSM classification reflected untested assumptions that were based on once-prevalent social norms and clinical impressions from unrepresentative samples which consisted of patients seeking therapy and individuals whose conduct brought them into the criminal justice system.

Modern diagnostic systems used in psychiatry ( such as the DSM ) maintain this categorical view.

DSM Nutritional Products is the world's largest supplier of nutritional ingredients, such as vitamins, carotenoids ( antioxidants and pigments ), enzymes, other biochemicals and fine chemicals and premixes for humans and animals.

DSM Sinochem Pharmaceuticals produces penicillin G and penicillin intermediates ( 6-APA and 7-ADCA ), active pharmaceutical ingredients such as semisynthetic penicillins and semi-synthetic cefalosporins ( beta-lactams ) and other active pharmaceutical ingredients such as Nystatin and Atorvastatin.

DSM Resins manufactures products used in a wide variety of applications such as paints, wind mills and automotive.

Energy demand management, also known as demand side management ( DSM ), is the modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and education.

Domain-specific modeling ( DSM ) is a software engineering methodology for designing and developing systems, such as computer software.

For example, a DSM language for mobile phones could allow users to specify high-level abstractions for the user interface, as well as lower-level abstractions for storing data such as phone numbers or settings.

Using a DSM environment can significantly lower the cost of obtaining tool support for a DSM language, since a well-designed DSM environment will automate the creation of program parts that are costly to build from scratch, such as domain-specific editors, browsers and components.

Most existing DSM takes place with DSM environments, either commercial such as MetaEdit + or Actifsource, open source such as GEMS, or academic such as GME.

The range of the DSM represents an extensive scope of psychiatric and psychological issues or conditions, and it is not exclusive to what may be considered " illnesses ".

Other researchers disagree and argue that the existence of the condition and its inclusion in the DSM is supported by multiple lines of reliable evidence, with diagnostic criteria allowing it to be clearly discriminated from conditions it is often mistaken for ( schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, and seizure disorder ).

In the opinion of McGill University psychiatrist Joel Paris, this inadvertently legitimized them by forcing textbooks, which mimicked the structure of the DSM, to include a separate chapter on them and resulted in an increase in diagnosis of dissociative conditions.

The fifth version of the DSM ( DSM-5 ), due out in May 2013, is likely to reclassify Tourette's as a neurodevelopmental disorder, and to include additional diagnoses to account for tic disorders due to substance abuse or other general medical conditions.

The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used worldwide as a key guide for diagnosing disorders.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) of the American Psychiatric Association ( APA ) includes an entry called Sexual Disorder Not Otherwise Specified ( Sexual Disorder NOS ) to apply to, among other conditions, “ distress about a pattern of repeated sexual relationships involving a succession of lovers who are experienced by the individual only as things to be used .” A proposal to add Hypersexual Disorder to the appendix ( but not the main list of official diagnoses ) of the DSM is currently under consideration by the APA.

The DSM IV-TR is very specific in its definition of Intermittent Explosive Disorder which is defined, essentially, by exclusion of other conditions.

* Autism spectrum – a range of conditions classified as pervasive developmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ).

The language of the DSM was described as " simultaneously precise and vague " in order to provide an aura of scientific objectivity yet not limit psychiatrists in a semantic or financial sense, and the manual itself compared to " a militia's Web page, insofar as it constitutes an alternative reality under siege " by critics.

Hansen, or produced by Kluyveromyces lactis and commercialized under the trademark MAXIREN ® by the Dutch company DSM.

It should also be noted that the DSM categories do not comprise a complete list of all communication disorders, for example, Auditory Processing Disorders ( APD ) are not classified under the DSM or ICD-10

A proposed change in the next revision of the DSM ( DSM-5 ), scheduled for publication in May 2013, would combine hypochondriasis with somatization disorder, pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatoform disorder under a single classification known as complex somatic symptom disorder.

A proposal to include a diagnosis called hypersexual disorder, simply describing the symptom without implying any specific theory, is under consideration for inclusion in the appendix of the DSM, but not in the main list of official diagnoses.

It is usually classed as a paraphilia from a medical viewpoint, in the DSM under the heading " Paraphilias Not Otherwise Specified ", although from the viewpoint of the recipient of the calls, it is generally considered to be both a form of sexual harassment and a form of stalking.

However, the preference can sometimes be diagnosed as a disorder if it results in dysfunction or exploitative behavior, under the DSM specification 309. 2, " Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified.

HSDD, as currently defined by the DSM has come under criticism of the social function of the diagnosis.

The diagnosis can be made under the DSM or ICD criteria for persons age 16 and older.

Disrupted attachment is not covered under ICD-10 and DSM criteria, and results from an abrupt separation or loss of a familiar caregiver to whom attachment has developed .< ref name =" Boris & Zeanah ( 1999 )"> This form of categorisation may demonstrate more clinical accuracy overall than the current DSM-IV-TR classification, but further research is required.

The definition of skoptic syndrome is a gender dysphoria found under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) IV section 302. 6: Gender Identity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.

Ganser syndrome is currently classified under dissociative disorders, to which it moved in the DSM IV from the factitious disorders.

Two additional zones can be created, besides the advanced medical ( PMA ) post but under the responsibility of the director of medical rescue ( DSM ):

In case of a red plan, the PMA is under the responsibility of a physician chosen by the director of medical rescue ( DSM ), and he is assisted by an firefighter officer chosen by the commander of rescue operation ( COS ).

' The problems associated with clinical false positives are described under ' Criticisms of DSM.

Medical-grade fibers for surgical applications are produced by DSM under the " Dyneema Purity " trade name.