The Deuteronomistic Historians, writing in Judah, saw northern Israel as a sinful kingdom, divinely punished for its idolatry and iniquity by being destroyed by the Assyrians in 720 BCE.

Coogan suggests that Saul ’ s birth narrative was transferred to Samuel by the Deuteronomistic Historians.

In 1 Samuel 9: 6-20, Samuel is seen as a local “ seer .” The Deuteronomistic Historians preserved this view of Samuel while contributing him as “ the first of prophets to articulate the failure of Israel to live up to its covenant with God .” For the Deuteronomistic Historians, Samuel was extension of Moses and continuing Moses ’ function as a prophet, judge, and a priest which made historical Samuel uncertain.

He suggests that for the Deuteronomistic Historians who were the compilers of the text, while the compassion of Yahweh may be called into question, “ God will be merciful come what may .”

The first was the late 7th century Deuteronomistic reform of official Judean religion under king Josiah, who banned many elements of the old polytheistic cult from the Temple, and the sudden collapse of Assyria and the rise of Babylon to take its place ; the second was exile of the royal court, the priests and other members of the ruling elite following the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 BCE.

The " supplementary " approach is exemplified in the work of John Van Seters, who places the composition of J ( which he, unlike the " fragmentists ", sees as a complete document ) in the 6th century as an introduction to the Deuteronomistic history ( the history of Israel that takes up the series of books from Joshua to Kings ).

The " supplementary " approach is exemplified in the work of John Van Seters, who places the composition of J ( which he, unlike the " fragmentists ", sees as a complete document ) in the 6th century BCE as an introduction to the Deuteronomistic history ( the history of Israel that takes up the series of books from Joshua to Kings ).

Additionally, though the Chronicler's principal source is the Deuteronomistic History, coming primarily, as stated above, from the books of 2 Samuel and 1 – 2 Kings and other public records and sources ( see above ), the Chronicler also uses other biblical sources, particularly from the Pentateuch, as redacted and put together by P ( the Priestly Source ).

Modern scholarly thinking is that the books originated by combining a number of independent texts of various ages when the larger Deuteronomistic history ( the Former Prophets plus Deuteronomy ) was being composed in the period c. 630-540 BCE.

Rather than being written as history, the Deuteronomistic history – Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings – was intended to illustrate a theological scheme in which Israel and her leaders are judged by their obedience to the teachings and laws ( the covenant ) set down in the book of Deuteronomy.

The earliest parts of the book are possibly chapters 2 – 11, the story of the conquest ; more certain is that this section was then incorporated into an early form of Joshua that was part of then original Deuteronomistic history, written late in the reign of king Josiah ( reigned 640 – 609 BCE ); it seems clear that the book was not completed until after the fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians in 586, and possibly not until after the return from the Babylonian exile late in the 6th century.

There is now general agreement that Joshua was composed as part of a larger work, the Deuteronomistic history, stretching from Deuteronomy to Kings.

In Deuteronomistic theology, " rest " meant Israel's unthreatened possession of the land, the achievement of which began with the conquests of Joshua.

Joshua thus illustrates the central Deuteronomistic message, that obedience leads to success and disobedience to ruin.

The Deuteronomistic history draws parallels in proper leadership between Moses, Joshua and Josiah.

The answers were recorded in the works of the prophets Ezekiel, Jeremiah and Second Isaiah, and in the Deuteronomistic history, the collection of historical works from Joshua to Kings: God had not abandoned Israel ; Israel had abandoned God, and the Babylonian exile was God's punishment for Israel's lack of faith.

Although details remain disputed, the vast majority of recent studies agree with Martin Noth's thesis, published in 1943, that the book of Samuel was composed as part of the Deuteronomistic history, the books of Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings.

They are mentioned over 250 times, the majority in the Deuteronomistic history ( the series of " history " books from Joshua to 2 Kings ), and are depicted as the archenemies of the Israelites, a serious and recurring threat before being subdued by David.

Because many of the passages involved appear in works associated with either Deuteronomy, the Deuteronomistic History ( Joshua through Kings ) or in Jeremiah, most recent scholarly treatments have suggested that a Deuteronomistic movement of this period developed the idea of monotheism as a response to the religious issues of the time.

Historical-critical biblical scholarship generally accepts that this scroll — an early predecessor of the Torah — was written by the priests driven by ideological interest to centralize power under Josiah in the Temple in Jerusalem, and that the core narrative from Joshua to 2 Kings up to Josiah's reign comprises a " Deuteronomistic History " ( DtrH ) written during Josiah's reign.

It is found in the book of Deuteronomy, in the books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings ( the Deuteronomistic history, or DtrH ) and also in the book of Jeremiah.

This hypothesis has lost almost all its supporters as it has become apparent that Joshua is thoroughly Deuteronomistic.

Special attention was given to a critical literary analysis of the so-called Deuteronomistic history from Joshua to 2 Kings.

Judges forms part of Deuteronomistic history, a theologically-oriented history of Israel from the entry into Canaan to the destruction of the Temple.

The later Historical books ( see Deuteronomistic history ) include most of the biblical references, almost 200 of which are in the Book of Judges and the Books of Samuel, where the term is used to denote the southern coastal region to the west of the ancient Kingdom of Judah.

As the version in Exodus and 1 Kings are written by Deuteronomistic historians based in the southern kingdom of Judah, there is a proclivity to expose the Israelites as unfaithful.

The most common view today accepts Martin Noth's thesis that Kings concludes a unified series of books which reflect the language and theology of the Book of Deuteronomy, and which biblical scholars therefore call the Deuteronomistic history.

The editors / authors of the Deuteronomistic history cite a number of sources, including ( for example ) a " Book of the Acts of Solomon " and, frequently, the " Annals of the Kings of Judah " and a separate book, " Chronicles of the Kings of Israel ".

The introduction to the code ( chapters 4: 44-11-32 ) was added during Josiah's time, thus creating the earliest version of Deuteronomy as a book, and the historical prologue ( chapters 1-4: 43 ) was added still later to turn Deuteronomy into an introduction to the entire Deuteronomistic history ( Deuteronomy to Kings ).

The overarching theological theme of the Deuteronomistic history is faithfulness ( and its obverse, faithlessness ) and God's mercy ( and its obverse, his anger ).

The essence of Deuteronomistic theology is that Israel has entered into a covenant ( a treaty, a binding agreement ) with the god Yahweh, under which they agree to accept Yahweh as their god ( hence the phrase " god of Israel ") and Yahweh promises them a land where they can live in peace and prosperity.

The Deuteronomistic historians “ incorporated a variety of previously existing sources into their narrative of life in early Israel ” and the story of Ehud is one such example of a “ previously existing source ”, that has been edited to include “ the cyclical pattern ” typical of the stories of the major judges.

Scholars differ over how much of the book is from Jeremiah himself and how much from later disciples, but the French scholar Thomas Romer has recently identified two Deuteronomistic " redactions " ( editings ) of the book of Jeremiah some time before the end of the Exile ( pre-539 BCE ) – a process which also involved the prophetic books of Amos and Hosea.

It is interesting to note, in reference to the " authors " of the Deuteronomistic works, how Jeremiah the prophet uses scribes such as Baruch to accomplish his ends.

According to Coogan, this episode is part of the Deuteronomistic history, written in the southern kingdom of Judah, after the fall of the Northern kingdom, which was biased against the northern kingdom.

The episodes belong to the story of David's ascent to power, which is commonly regarded as one of the sources of the Deuteronomistic history, and to its later additions.

The Chronicler appears to use other works that we no longer possess from the Deuteronomistic historians.

It was in this period that the Pentateuch ( or Torah, to give the Hebrew name ) was composed, by detaching the book of Deuteronomy from the Deuteronomistic history and adding it to the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers.

This original " book of saviours ," made up of the stories of Ehud, Jael and parts of Gideon, had already been enlarged and transformed into " wars of Yahweh " before being given the final Deuteronomistic revision.

Second Zechariah, in the opinion of some scholars, appears to make use of the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, the Deuteronomistic History, and the themes from First Zechariah.

Category: Historians who accompanied Alexander the Great

Historians generally credit João Faras-astronomer and physician of King Manuel I of Portugal who accompanied Pedro Álvares Cabral in the discovery of Brazil in 1500-for being the first European to depict it correctly.

Historians working after the Soviet Union's dissolution have estimated victim totals ranging from approximately 4 million to nearly 10 million, not including those who died in famines.

This film was financed by Archibald MacLeish, Fredric March, Florence Eldridge, Lillian Hellman, Luise Rainer, Dudley Nichols, Franchot Tone and other Hollywood movie stars, moguls, and writers who composed a group known as the Contemporary Historians.

Historians therefore disagree on what qualifies as membership of the Lunar Society, who can be considered to have been members, and even when the society can be said to have existed.

Historians praised him as a statesman of moderation and balance who kept the peace in Europe and was primarily responsible for the unification of modern Germany.

Historians differ in their assessments as to who was the principal player in the purchase ; the Jefferson biographer Peterson notes a range of opinion among those who credit Napoleon, or others who credit Jefferson, his secretary of state James Madison, and his negotiator James Monroe.

Historians portray Conservative prime Minister Lord Salisbury ( 1830 – 1903 ) as a talented leader who was an icon of traditional, aristocratic conservatism.

Historians of European witchcraft have found the anthropological definition difficult to apply to European and British witchcraft, where " witches " could equally use ( or be accused of using ) physical techniques, as well as some who really had attempted to cause harm by thought alone.

Historians have disagreed over the identity of the doctor who pronounced Beiderbecke dead.

Historians have described Raeder as someone who " supported the Nazi regime unflinchingly and proved merciless against malingerers, deserters and those who questioned the authority of the Führer ".

Historians estimate the total number who died due to Mao's persecution in all base areas to be approximately one hundred thousand.

Harris says that, " Historians have depicted this ruler as one of the weakest of the Bourbons, a do-nothing king who left affairs of state to ministers while indulging in his hobbies of hunting and womanizing.

Historians do not know who wrote the only extant example of the fabula praetexta ( tragedies based on Roman subjects ), Octavia, but in former times it was mistakenly attributed to Seneca due to his appearance as a character in the tragedy.

Historians believe that Patel's speech was instrumental in electrifying nationalists, who had been sceptical of the proposed rebellion.

Historians have been struck by the correspondence with names in Fagrskinna, which says that two of the kings who died with Eirik in his final battle against Olaf were called Harékr and Ragnvald, although they are not identified as relatives.

The New Historians (, HaHistoryonim HaHadashim ) are a loosely-defined group of Israeli historians who have challenged traditional versions of Israeli history, including Israel's role in the Palestinian Exodus in 1948 and Arab willingness to discuss peace.

Historians have searched for superlatives to describe him, as in the case of Professor Donald Detwiler, who wrote:

Historians have christened her " Lemonade Lucy " due to her staunch support of the temperance movement ; however, contrary to popular belief, she was never referred to by that nickname while living, and it was her husband who banned alcohol from the White House.

Historians have suggested that the name Pharaon comes from Louis XIV's royal gamblers who called the game pharaon because of the motif that commonly adorned one of the French-made court cards.