In what historian Robert R. Russell calls the " Calhoun Doctrine ," Calhoun argued that the Federal Government's role in the territories was only that of the trustee or agent of the several sovereign states: it was obliged not to discriminate among the states and hence was incapable of forbidding the bringing into any territory of anything that was legal property in any state.

" Some analysts have argued that the implementation of the Carter Doctrine and the Reagan Corollary also played a role in the outbreak of the 2003 Iraq War.

Following these victories, Johns and the Heritage Foundation urged further expanding the Reagan Doctrine to Ethiopia, where they argued that the Ethiopian famine was a product of the military and agricultural policies of Ethiopia's Soviet-supported Mengistu Haile Mariam government.

Reagan and other conservative advocates of the Reagan Doctrine advocates also argued that the doctrine served U. S. foreign policy and strategic objectives and was a moral imperative against the former Soviet Union, which Reagan, his advisers, and supporters labeled an " evil empire.

Especially since the September 11 attacks, some Reagan Doctrine critics have argued that, by facilitating the transfer of large amounts of weapons to various areas of the world and by training military leaders in these regions, the Reagan Doctrine actually contributed to " blowback " by strengthening some political and military movements that ultimately developed hostility toward the United States, such as al-Qaeda in Afghanistan.

" Some have argued that the true French occupation was a response to growing U. S. power and to the Monroe Doctrine ( America for the Americans ).

Critics, such as Noam Chomsky, have argued that the Roosevelt Corollary was merely a more explicit imperialist threat, building on the Monroe Doctrine, and indicating that the U. S. would intervene not only in defense of South American states in the face of European imperialism, but would also use its muscle to obtain concessions and privileges for American corporations.

The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies.

Reagan Doctrine advocates argued that this offered the best opportunity to inspire the emergence of global democracies, or at least non-hostile governments, and end the Cold War without a need for direct U. S. engagement.

In one landmark case, the FCC argued that teletext was a new technology that created soaring demand for a limited resource, and thus could be exempt from the Fairness Doctrine.

The Telecommunications Research and Action Center ( TRAC ) and Media Access Project ( MAP ) argued that teletext transmissions should be regulated like any other airwave technology, hence the Fairness Doctrine was applicable ( and must be enforced by the FCC ).

The conservative Media Research Center's Culture & Media Institute argued that the three main points supporting the Fairness Doctrine — media scarcity, liberal viewpoints being censored at a corporate level, and public interest — are all myths.

Critics argued that the Reagan Doctrine led to so-called blowback and an unnecessary intensification of Third World conflict.

As Lodge argued, the corollary reaffirmed the basic right of nations to provide for their safety, extending the principles behind the Monroe Doctrine beyond colonialism to include corporate territorial acquisitions as well.

* Hanson, R. P. C., The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: The Arian Controversy, 318-381 ( T .& T.

Calling on congressional approval for the United States to " support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures ," or in short a policy of " containment ", Truman articulated a presentation of the ideological struggle that became known as the " Truman Doctrine.

* Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, religious education programs of the Catholic Church normally designed for children, originated in Italy

Superpowers, such as the European great powers, had always felt no compunction in intervening in civil wars that affected their interests, while distant regional powers such as the United States could declare the interventionist Monroe Doctrine of 1821 for events in its Central American " backyard ".

In recent times, its teaching has been most notably expressed in the Vatican II council documents Unitatis Redintegratio ( 1964 ), Lumen Gentium ( 1964 ), Nostra aetate ( 1965 ), an encyclical issued by Pope John Paul II: Ut Unum Sint ( 1995 ), and in a document issued by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Dominus Iesus in 2000.

The effort to support the contras was one component of the Reagan Doctrine, which called for providing military support to movements opposing Soviet-supported, communist governments.

Organised worship in England for those whose beliefs anticipated those of Christadelphians only truly became possible in 1779 when the Act of Toleration 1689 was amended to permit denial of the Trinity, and only fully when property penalties were removed in the Doctrine of the Trinity Act 1813.

It made the same statement with regard also to later ordinations by those bishops, saying that, " as for those who have already thus unlawfully received ordination or any who may yet accept ordination from these, whatever may be the validity of the orders ( quidquid sit de ordinum validitate ), the Church does not and will not recognise their ordination ( ipsorum ordinationem ), and will consider them, for all legal effects, as still in the state in which they were before, except that the ... penalties remain until they repent " ( Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Decree Episcopi qui alios of 17 September 1976-Acta Apostolicae Sedis 1976, page 623 ).

The prayer recited for the bread is found in the Book of Mormon and Doctrine and Covenants.

" ( Book of Moroni 5: 2, Doctrine and Covenants 20: 79 --* the word " water " is substituted for " wine ").

For the Roman Catholic Church, this issue was addressed in the 24 July 2003 letter of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which summarized and clarified earlier declarations.

This argument for intersubjectivity is central to the conception of selfhood developed in the Doctrine of Science ( aka ' Wissenschaftslehre ').

In 1820, an expedition intended for the colonies ( which, at the time, were on the verge of being lost themselves, to rebels and the Monroe Doctrine ) revolted in Cadiz.

Among the most active of the major Curial institutions are the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which oversees the Catholic Church's doctrine ; the Congregation for Bishops, which coordinates the appointment of bishops worldwide ; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, which oversees all missionary activities ; and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, which deals with international peace and social issues.

As Secretary of State, he negotiated the Adams – Onís Treaty ( which acquired Florida for the United States ), the Treaty of 1818, and wrote the Monroe Doctrine.

The Monroe Doctrine held that the United States considered the Western Hemisphere as no longer a place for European colonization ; that any future effort to gain further political control in the hemisphere or to violate the independence of existing states would be treated as an act of hostility ; and finally that there existed two different and incompatible political systems in the world.

In 2001, his book Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism led to Dupuis being investigated by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, a department of the Roman Curia, which noted ambiguities regarding agreement between what he called a " Christian theology of religious pluralism " and the teaching of the Second Vatican Council and the popes of the council and later.

* Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, " Dominus Iesus: On the Unicity and Salvific Universality of the Jesus Christ and the Church " ( 2000 )

* See Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, " Notification on the book Toward a Christian Theology of Religious Pluralism ( Orbis Books: Maryknoll, New York 1997 ) by Father Jacques Dupuis, S. J.

In its 1980 instruction on children's baptism the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith stated that " with regard to children who die without having received baptism, the Church can only entrust them to the mercy of God, as indeed she does in the funeral rite established for them ," leaving all theories as to their fate, including Limbo, as viable options.

The administration further refined its strategic ideas in July 1969 when the president issued a statement that came to be known as the " Nixon Doctrine ", stressing " pursuit of peace through partnership with our allies.

With the rise of the New Imperialism in the Western hemisphere at the end of the 19th century, debates arose between imperialist and isolationist factions in the U. S. Here, Pax Americana was used to connote the peace across the United States and, more widely, as a Pan-American peace under the aegis of the Monroe Doctrine.

The Reagan Doctrine was considered anti-Communist and in opposition to Soviet Union global influence, but later spoke of a peace dividend towards the end of the Cold War with economic benefits of a decrease in defense spending.

The Reagan Doctrine was strongly criticized by the neoconservatives, who also became disgruntled with the outcome of the Gulf War and United States foreign policy under Bill Clinton, sparking them to call for change towards global stability through their support for active intervention and the democratic peace theory.

Finally, application of the Nixon Doctrine provided military aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia so that these U. S. allies could ensure peace and stability in the region.

In his book The Doctrine of Fascism, Benito Mussolini declared that " fascism does not, generally speaking, believe in the possibility or utility of perpetual peace ".

In foreign affairs, Reagan initially rejected détente and directly confronted the Soviet Union through a policy of " peace through strength ", including increased military spending, firm foreign policies against the USSR and, in what came to be known as the Reagan Doctrine, support for anti-communist rebel movements in Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Nicaragua and elsewhere.

The Amau Doctrine ( the " Asian Monroe Doctrine ") stated that Japan assumed the total responsibility for peace in Asia.

In the 5th century, by which time a dove with an olive branch had become established as a Christian symbol of peace, St Augustine wrote in On Christian Doctrine that, " perpetual peace is indicated by the olive branch ( oleae ramusculo ) which the dove brought with it when it returned to the ark.

The United States intervened in Iraq in the 2003 invasion of Iraq citing concerns for national security and adhering to the evolving Bush Doctrine based on neoconservatism and the democratic peace theory.

These geopolitical ideals developed into the Amau Doctrine ( an Asian Monroe Doctrine ), stating that Japan assumed total responsibility for peace in Asia, and can be seen later when Prime Minister Kōki Hirota proclaimed justified Japanese expansion into northern China as the creation of " a special zone, anti-communist, pro-Japanese and pro-Manchukuo " that was a " fundamental part " of Japanese national existence.