Source and victim are usually electronic hardware devices, though the source may be a natural phenomenon such as a lightning strike, electrostatic discharge ( ESD ) or, in one famous case, the Big Bang at the origin of the Universe.

ESD problems first arose with accidental electric spark discharges in hazardous environments such as coal mines and when refuelling aircraft or motor cars.

; Electrostatic discharge ( ESD ) immunity: Electrostatic discharges with various properties ( rise time, peak voltage, fall time, and half time ) are applied to the areas on the device that are likely to be discharged too, such as the faces, near user accessible buttons, etc.

ESD can cause a range of harmful effects, including methane gas and coal dust explosions, as well as failure of solid state electronics components such as integrated circuits.

They are also suitable for electrostatic discharge ( ESD ) protection of sensitive devices such as III-V-semiconductor devices, laser diodes and, to a lesser extent, exposed lines of CMOS circuitry.

Some cleanroom HVAC systems control the humidity to low levels, such that extra equipment (" ionizers ") is necessary to prevent electrostatic discharge ( ESD ) problems.

Digital distribution ( also called content delivery, online distribution, or electronic software distribution ( ESD ), among others ) describes the delivery of media content such as audio, video, software and video games, without the use of physical media usually over online delivery mediums, such as the Internet.

As such, an application that supports ESD can output audio over the network, to any connected computer that is running an ESD server.

The low-voltage integrated circuit inside the cartridge is extremely ESD sensitive, and can be destroyed by an event of only a few dozen volts which cannot even be felt by the person, delivering a fatal shock to the game unit.

An ESD event may occur when the object comes into contact with a conductive path.

The most spectacular form of ESD is the spark, which occurs when a heavy electric field creates an ionized conductive channel in air.

In addition, it is important to prevent ESD when an electrostatic discharge sensitive component is connected with other conductive parts of the product itself.

A Charged Device Model ( CDM ) test is used to define the ESD a device can withstand when the device itself has an electrostatic charge and discharges due to metal contact.

For example, the shock sometimes felt when a doorknob is touched is an ESD.

His efforts to develop the IBM PC began when he took control of the IBM Entry Level Systems in 1980 ( and later named President of the newly formed IBM Entry Systems Division ( ESD ) in August 1983 ), with the goal of developing a low-cost personal computer to compete against increasingly popular offerings from the likes of Apple Computer, Commodore International, and other perceived IBM competitors.

In all these cases, the friction between two materials results in tribocharging, thus creating a difference of electrical potential that can lead to an ESD event.

The advanced planning study was well received both at MITRE and ESD and it was decided to pursue a practical design to see if these ideas could be translated into a usable system.

ESD effects can be reduced by careful design of the mechanical package around the hot-swap component, perhaps by coating it with a thin film of conductive material.

* Electron Stimulated Desorption ( ESD ) is noted by peaks observed at 12, 16, 19 and 35 u rather than by electron-impact ionization of gaseous species, with the effects similar to outgassing effects.

For example, charged regions on the surfaces of styrofoam cups or bags can induce potential on nearby ESD sensitive components via electrostatic induction and an ESD event may occur if the component is touched with a metallic tool.

However, many ESD events occur without a visible or audible spark.

Manufacturers and users of integrated circuits must take precautions to avoid ESD.

Materials in automated manufacturing which will touch on conductive areas of ESD sensitive electronic should be made of dissipative material, and the dissipative material must be grounded.

While it is generally agreed on that sustainability education must be customized for individual learners, according to Tilbury and Wortman, the following skills are essential to ESD:

ESD support must be specifically written and added into applications, as ESD does not emulate normal audio hardware APIs.

ESD prevention within an EPA may include using appropriate ESD-safe packing material, the use of conductive filaments on garments worn by assembly workers, conducting wrist straps and foot-straps to prevent high voltages from accumulating on workers ' bodies, anti-static mats or conductive flooring materials to conduct harmful electric charges away from the work area, and humidity control.

Those that are still in existence are susceptible to three main problems: " screen rot ," ESD damage, and keypad destruction.

A major design problem involves the fact that the microprocessor ( which is inside the top of each cartridge ) lacks ESD protection and is directly connected to the copper pins which normally connect the cartridge to the Microvision unit.

** Electrostatic Discharge ( ESD ), as a result of two charged objects coming into close proximity or even contact.

Low-voltage digital circuits, especially CMOS transistors, became more susceptible to ESD damage as they were miniaturised, and a new ESD regulatory regime had to be developed.

( for relative ESD sensitivity of TTL and CMOS.

Ricoeur e Derrida a " margine " della fenomenologia, ESD, Bologna 2006.

Discharges are also applied to a vertical and horizontal ground plane to simulate an ESD event on a nearby surface.

Electrostatic discharge ( ESD ) is the sudden flow of electricity between two objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown.

ESD can be caused by a buildup of static electricity by tribocharging, or by electrostatic induction.

ESD includes spectacular electric sparks, but also less dramatic forms which may be neither seen nor heard, yet still be large enough to cause damage to sensitive electronic devices.

Other forms of ESD include corona discharge from sharp electrodes and brush discharge from blunt electrodes.

ESD simulators may be used to test electronic devices, for example with a human body model or a charged device model.

One of the causes of ESD events is static electricity.

Another cause of ESD damage is through electrostatic induction.

The position of the point relative to the foundations on which a body lies determines its stability in response to external forces.

The external character encoding is chosen by the author of the document ( or the software the author uses to create the document ) and determines how the bytes used to store and / or transmit the document map to characters from the document character set.

Ideally, the internal quality determines the external quality and

external quality determines quality in use.

The degree of prenatal androgen effect ( virilization ) on the external genitalia in the third month of gestation is the principal known determinant of extent of closure of the fetal urethral groove, which in turn determines the location of the opening.

** Take the point of view of an external observer who looks at the way a process has been performed and determines the improvements that must be made to make it perform more effectively or efficiently.

Furthermore, unlike conventional radar, detection range is also a function of the deployment geometry, as the distance of the receiver from the transmitter determines the level of external noise against which the targets must be detected.

Employing the Schrödinger equation as its starting point, the Runge-Gross theorem shows that at any time, the density uniquely determines the external potential.

For a given interaction potential, the RG theorem shows that the external potential uniquely determines the density.

In a particularly controversial ruling, Waldenberg ruled that sex reassignment surgery for transsexuals effects a change in a person's halachic gender, and that, in his words, " The external anatomy which is visible is what determines the halakha ".