The most ancient mathematical texts available are Plimpton 322 ( Babylonian mathematics c. 1900 BC ), the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 2000-1800 BC ) and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus ( Egyptian mathematics c. 1890 BC ).

These documents provide important information on ancient writings ; they give us the only extant copy of Menander, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Egyptian treatises on medicine ( the Ebers Papyrus ) and on surgery ( the Edwin Smith papyrus ), Egyptian mathematical treatises ( the Rhind papyrus ), and Egyptian folk tales ( the Westcar papyrus ).

The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: An Ancient Egyptian Text.

A later text, the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, introduced improved ways of writing Egyptian fractions.

The Rhind papyrus was written by Ahmes and dates from the Second Intermediate Period ; it includes a table of Egyptian fraction expansions for rational numbers 2 / n, as well as 84 word problems.

He wrote the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a work of Ancient Egyptian mathematics that dates to approximately 1650 BC ; he is the earliest contributor to mathematics whose name is known.

He published in 1887 his Hibbert lectures on Babylonian religion ; in 1902 his Gifford lectures on Egyptian and Babylonian religion ; and in 1907 his Rhind lectures.

c. mid-17th century BC ), an ancient Egyptian scribe who lived during the Second Intermediate Period and at the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty, who wrote the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a work of Ancient Egyptian mathematics

In Ancient Egyptian most fractions were written as the sum of two or more unit fractions ( a fraction with 1 as the numerator ), with scribes possessing tables of answers ( see Rhind Mathematical Papyrus 2 / n table ).

* " Aha ", an Egyptian phrase found on the Rhind Papyrus:

Orders of ArchitectureScribes had been using unit fractions for their calculations at least since the time of the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll and Rhind Mathematical Papyrus in Egypt and the Epic of Gilgamesh in Mesopotamia.

Ancient Egyptian papyrus depicting the journey into the afterlife.

Fragments of some other plays have survived in quotes and more continue to be discovered on Egyptian papyrus, often giving us surprising insights into his work.

There is reference on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE to the procedure being conducted on girls in Memphis, the ancient Egyptian capital, and Strabo ( c. 64 BCE – c. 23 CE ), the Greek geographer, reported it when he visited Egypt in 25 BCE.

A section of the Egyptian Book of the Dead written on papyrus

Egyptians may have referred to papyrus as pa-per-aa pr-ˁ3 ( that which is of Pharaoh ), apparently denoting the Egyptian crown as owning a monopoly on papyrus production.

In the Egyptian language, papyrus was known by the terms wadj, tjufy, and djet.

The modern technique of papyrus production used in Egypt for the tourist trade was developed in 1962 by the Egyptian engineer Hassan Ragab using plants that had been reintroduced into Egypt in 1872 from France.

* The papyrus plant in Egyptian art

Ancient Egyptian sandals were made from papyrus and palm leaves.

Based on drawings and models from ancient Egypt, the first boat, named Ra ( after the Egyptian Sun god ), was constructed by boat builders from Lake Chad using papyrus reed obtained from Lake Tana in Ethiopia and launched into the Atlantic Ocean from the coast of Morocco.

In Egyptian accounts, the pregnant Isis hides from Set, to whom the unborn child is a threat, in a thicket of papyrus in the Nile Delta.

This place is called Akh-bity, meaning " papyrus thicket of the king of Lower Egypt " in Egyptian.

Egyptian Literature 1800BC: Questions and Readings, London, 58-70 ISBN 0-9547218-6-1 ( translation and transcription )

* Stephen Quirke: Egyptian Literature 1800BC: Questions and Readings, London 2004, 140-150 ISBN 0-9547218-6-1 ( translation and transcription )

* Stephen Quirke: Egyptian Literature 1800BC: Questions and Readings, London 2004, 112-120 ISBN 0-9547218-6-1 ( translation and transcription )

* Stephen Quirke: Egyptian Literature 1800BC: Questions and Readings, London 2004, 135-139 ISBN 0-9547218-6-1 ( translation and transcription )

The Egyptian military is one of the strongest in the region, and gives Egypt regional military supremacy rivaled only by Israel, besides being one of the strongest in Africa.

* 1948 – Arab – Israeli War: Egypt captures the Israeli kibbutz of Yad Mordechai, but the five-day effort gives Israeli forces time to prepare enough to stop the Egyptian advance a week later.

Yet no Egyptian source gives a full account of the myth, and the sources vary widely in their versions of events.

The most complete ancient Egyptian account of the myth is the Great Hymn to Osiris, an inscription from the Eighteenth Dynasty ( c. 1550 – 1292 BC ) that gives the general outline of the entire story but includes little detail.

This episode, which is not known from Egyptian sources, gives an etiological explanation for a cult of Isis and Osiris that existed in Byblos in Plutarch's time and possibly as early as the New Kingdom.

The name of this deity is noted for its Egyptian suffix-hotep, which gives its name an Egyptian tone.

The Book of Chronicles gives a lengthier account and 2 Chronicles 35: 20 states that when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of Egypt came up to fight against the Babylonians at Carchemish on the Euphrates River and that King Josiah was fatally wounded by an Egyptian archer.

In Ancient Egyptian creation myths, she gives birth to the sun at the beginning of time, and in art she is portrayed as a cow with a sun disk between her horns.

When resting, the larva usually holds the legs off the surface and tucks its head underneath, which, resembling the Egyptian Sphinx, gives rise to the name ' sphinx moth '.

But a papyrus buried with her proves that she was Egyptian and gives her identity as Nesi-hensu, the wife of Paher-hensu, a tailor from Thebes.

A contemporary document, the Megillah of the gaon Abiathar from the land of Israel, gives an authentic account of this episode of the Egyptian exilarchate, which ended with the downfall of David ben Daniel in 1094 Q. R ." xv.

It gives the Copts a claim to a deep heritage in Egyptian history and culture.

The ' Passover letter ' of 419 BCE ( discovered in 1907 ), which gives detailed instructions for properly keeping Passover is in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin.

() The Book of gives a lengthier account and states that Josiah was fatally wounded by Egyptian archers and was brought back to Jerusalem to die.

The ancient Egyptian account gives the date of the battle as the 21st day of the first month of the third season, of Year 23 of the reign of Thutmose III.

It is built at the same shallow 43 degree angle as the upper section of the Bent Pyramid, which gives it a noticeably squat appearance compared to other Egyptian pyramids of comparable scale.

She becomes wedded to an Egyptian merchant and gives birth to her child, Arsalan.

Fibonacci does not formally define practical numbers, but he gives a table of Egyptian fraction expansions for fractions with practical denominators.

* 3100 BCE: King Narmer unifies the Upper and Lower Egyptian Kingdoms, and gives birth to the world's first nation. The Narmer Palette is believed to be the historical record of this event: Egypt.

His book The Leisure of an Egyptian Official, published posthumously in 1921, gives a detailed account of his role and interactions with the Egyptian politicians in nominal control of the country.

Feeling bad that she has to toss out the Ultrahouse ( since he was charming and witty before being driven mad by love ), Marge gives the CPU to her sisters Patty and Selma, whose mundane stories about their day at work drives the CPU to suicide ( but since the CPU is not willing to reach inside Selma's cleavage to get his self-destruct button, the Ultrahouse CPU is reduced to banging himself with Patty and Selma's Egyptian pyramid lamp ).