The Egyptians made great efforts to ensure the survival of their souls after death, providing tombs, grave goods, and offerings to preserve the bodies and spirits of the deceased.

He therefore believed that, in order to maintain his army, plans must be made for the possibility of a further retreat whilst maintaining morale and retaining the support and co-operation of the Egyptians.

John made peace with Damascus and attempted to regain Ascalon ; the Egyptians, now ruled by the Mamluk sultanate, besieged Jaffa in 1256 in response.

The Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a " Cleopatra ", which did not provide any practical protection for the foot.

The Egyptians called the circumpolar star ' the star that cannot perish ' and, although they made no known formal star catalogues, they nonetheless created extensive star charts of the night sky which adorn the coffins and ceilings of tomb chambers.

The Egyptians also made use of birds in their hieroglyphic scripts, many of which, though stylized, are still identifiable to species.

The Egyptians seem to have known little about the function of the kidneys and made the heart the meeting point of a number of vessels which carried all the fluids of the body – blood, tears, urine and sperm, but the fluid of saliva and sweat they did not know where that came from.

The Ancient Egyptians used the fruits to be made into date wine, and ate them at harvest.

The ancient Egyptians believed that a human soul was made up of five parts: the Ren, the Ba, the Ka, the Sheut, and the Ib.

As a part of the soul, a person's ren ( rn ' name ') was given to them at birth and the Egyptians believed that it would live for as long as that name was spoken, which explains why efforts were made to protect it and the practice of placing it in numerous writings.

Depending on the region, Egyptians believed that Heket or Meskhenet was the creator of each person's Ka, breathing it into them at the instant of their birth as the part of their soul that made them be alive.

Papyrus sedge ( and its close relatives ) has a very long history of use by humans, notably by the Ancient Egyptians — it is the source of papyrus paper, parts of it can be eaten, and the highly buoyant stems can be made into boats.

Although much of their artistic effort was centered on preserving life after death, Egyptians also surrounded themselves with objects to enhance their lives in this world, producing elegant jewelry, finely carved and inlaid furniture, and cosmetic vessels and implements made from a wide range of materials.

Because of a lack of written records, estimates of Cretan chronology are based on well-established Aegean and Ancient Near Eastern pottery styles, so that Cretan timelines have been made by seeking Cretan artifacts traded with other civilizations ( such as the Egyptians )-a well established occurrence.

The final group where a transaction is made, is amongst the Egyptians in the same verse.

He also claims that Egyptians suddenly started making pyramids out of nowhere, but there are several pyramids that show the progress made by Egyptian architects while they were perfecting the technique from simple mastabas to later pyramids.

The Egyptians, most of whom were farmers, did not accept the reform, as it was the agricultural seasons that made up their year.

Styli were first used by the ancient Mesopotamians in order to write in cuneiform, Egyptians ( Middle Kingdom ), and the Minoans of Crete ( Linear A and Cretan Hieroglyphic ) made styli in various materials: reeds that grew on the sides of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and in marshes and down to Egypt where the Egyptians used styli from sliced reeds with sharp points ; bone and metal styli were also used.

Ali Hassan Kuban's efforts had made him a regular on the world music scene, while Mohamed Mounir's social criticism and sophisticated pop have made him a star among Nubians, Egyptians, and other people worldwide.

On 7 November, UN inspectors visited the scene of the village to investigate accusations of a massacre, the accusation being made by the Egyptians and refugees from the village.

However, some Egyptian forces made it through to Kadesh, and the arrival of the last of the Egyptians provided enough military cover to allow the pharaoh to escape and his army to withdraw in defeat ; leaving Kadesh in Hittite hands.

Operation Ten Plagues ( after the punishment God sent to the Egyptians for holding the Israelis captive in the Hebrew Bible ) was made and approved at a Cabinet Session 6 October 1948.

The Assyrians had better success than the Egyptians, annexing much Hittite ( and also Hurrian ) territories in these regions.

And the second course of action led to my going to Pakistan a month or so after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, for the purpose of coordinating with the Pakistanis a joint response, the purpose of which would be to make the Soviets bleed for as much and as long as is possible ; and we engaged in that effort in a collaborative sense with the Saudis, the Egyptians, the British, the Chinese, and we started providing weapons to the Mujaheddin, from various sources again – for example, some Soviet arms from the Egyptians and the Chinese.

Modern engineering as it is understood today took form during the scientific revolution, though much of the mathematics and science was built on the work of the Greeks, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Chinese, Indians and Muslims.

The metal used by the Egyptians for woodworking tools was originally copper and eventually, after 2000 BC bronze as ironworking was unknown until much later.

Although particularly associated with the Romans, aqueducts were devised much earlier in Greece and the Near East and Indian subcontinent, where peoples such as the Egyptians and Harappans built sophisticated irrigation systems.

Additionally, unlike the Egyptians and Romans, the Babylonians had a true place-value system, where digits written in the left column represented larger values ( much as in our base-ten system: 734 = 7 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 4 × 1 ).

And the second course of action led to my going to Pakistan a month or so after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, for the purpose of coordinating with the Pakistanis a joint response, the purpose of which would be to make the Soviets bleed for as much and as long as is possible ; and we engaged in that effort in a collaborative sense with the Saudis, the Egyptians, the British, the Chinese, and we started providing weapons to the Mujaheddin, from various sources again – for example, some Soviet arms from the Egyptians and the Chinese.

The Ptolemies were much interested in the work of the ancient Egyptians, and many of the Egyptian monuments, including the pyramids, were restored by them ( although they built many new temples in the Egyptian style ).

The arming of Egyptians in this campaign had a disturbing effect upon the native population of Egypt, leading to the secession of Upper Egypt under pharaohs Harmachis ( also known as Hugronaphor ) and Ankmachis ( also known as Chaonnophris ), thus creating a kingdom that occupied much of the country and lasted nearly twenty years.

It is estimated that as much as 30 percent of the population of Faiyum was Greek during the Ptolemaic period, with the rest being native Egyptians.

By the Roman period, much of the " Greek " population of Faiyum was made-up of either Hellenized Egyptians or people of mixed Egyptian-Greek origins.

The dental morphology of the Roman-period Faiyum mummies was also compared with that of earlier Egyptian populations, and was found to be " much more closely akin " to that of ancient Egyptians than to Greeks or other European populations.

Egyptian Geese were considered sacred by the ancient Egyptians, and appeared in much of their artwork.

For formerly he despised us, and, placing his hopes further off, admired the Egyptians, hearing much of their elephants, fleets, and palaces.

The wall paintings found in the palace of Knossos are similar to those of the Egyptians but much more free in style.

The descriptions of these disorders suggest that Egyptians conceived of mental and physical diseases in much the same way.

For Sadat and many Egyptians the war was much more a victory than a draw, as the initial Egyptian successes restored Egyptian national spirit and is considered among the factors, which eventually led to peace talks with the Israelis.

This atrocity angered the Coptic Egyptians, who had seen the Crusaders as deliverers but had suffered as much as the Muslim inhabitants of Bilbeis.

The destruction of the Egyptians in the Red Sea is narrated in much the same way as a formulaic battle scene from other Old English poems, including a ' Beast of Battle ' motif very common in the poetry.

When paired with another deity, she became the wife of Apep, the devouring serpent god much feared by the Egyptians.

Maadi is the least densely populated neighbourhood in Greater Cairo, and much of the town is inhabited by well-to-do Egyptians, as well as expatriates, many of whom are connected with embassies, ambassadorial residences and international corporations located in Maadi.