Opinion is divided as to whether the Estampie was actually a dance or simply early instrumental music.

While homophony can be heard in nearly all European musical traditions, the first notated examples appeared during the Medieval period in dance music, such as the Estampie.

* C. Schima: " Die Estampie " ( 1995 )-ISBN 90-5170-363-5

* L. Hibberd: " Estampie and Stantipes " ( 1944 )-in: Speculum XIX, 1944, 222 ff.

* 2000: The Sisters of Mercy, HIM, And One, The Mission, Marc Almond, Faith and the Muse, Tiamat, Anathema, Haggard, Umbra et Imago, L ' Âme Immortelle, The Cassandra Complex, Die Krupps, The Godfathers, Suicide Commando, Lithium, Letzte Instanz, The 69 Eyes, The House of Usher, Unknown, Zeromancer, Fields of the Nephilim, Project Pitchfork, Phillip Boa & The Voodooclub, Anne Clark, VNV Nation, Oomph !, Rosenfels, Velvet Acid Christ, Funker Vogt, Evil's Toy, Aenima, Estampie, Diary of Dreams, Illuminate, Stromkern, Mila Mar, Merlons, Near Dark.

The Garonne (, ; in Occitan, Catalan and Spanish: Garona ; or Garunna ) is a river in southwest France and northern Spain, with a length of.

Aquitaine (, ; ; ), archaic Guyenne / Guienne ( Occitan: Guiana ), is one of the 27 regions of France, in the south-western part of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain.

A troubadour (, ;,, ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages ( 1100 – 1350 ).

Cannes (, in Occitan Canas ) is a city located in the French Riviera.

Clermont-Ferrand (, Auvergnat Occitan: Clarmont-Ferrand / Clarmont d ' Auvèrnhe ) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne region, with a population of 140, 700 ( 2006 ).

Charente (, Saintongeais: Chérente, Occitan: Charanta ) is a department in southwestern France, in the Poitou-Charentes region, named after the Charente River, the most important river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited.

Gascon (, ) is usually considered as a dialect of Occitan, even though some specialists regularly consider it a separate language.

Limoges (, Lemòtges or Limòtges in the Limousin dialect of Occitan ) is a city and commune, the capital of the Haute-Vienne department and the administrative capital of the Limousin région in west-central France.

Antibes (, ; Provençal Occitan: Antíbol in classical norm or Antibo in Mistralian norm ) is a resort town in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

Cassoulet (, from Occitan caçolet ) is a rich, slow-cooked casserole originating in the south of France, containing meat ( typically pork sausages, goose, duck and sometimes mutton ), pork skin ( couennes ) and white haricot beans.

Comte (,, ) is a title of Catalan, Occitan and French nobility.

Occitania (,,,, ), also sometimes lo País d ' Òc, " the Oc Country "), is the historical region in southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken, and where it is sometimes still used, for the most part as a second language.

The Laguiole knife (, locally ) is a high-quality traditional Occitan pocket-knife, originally produced in the town of Laguiole in the Aveyron region of southern France.

Issoire (, archaic Occitan: Issoire, Ussoire ) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.

In Japanese, the abacus is called soroban (, lit.

Adobe (, ; Arabic: الطوب ) is a natural building material made from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material ( sticks, straw, and / or manure ), which the builders shape into bricks ( using frames ) and dry in the sun.

Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov (, Anatolij Evgen ' evič Karpov ; born May 23, 1951 ) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion.

Casa Milà (), better known as La Pedrera (, meaning the ' The Quarry '), is a building designed by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí and built during the years 1905 – 1910, being considered officially completed in 1912.

Alfheim (, " elf home ") is one of the Nine Worlds and home of the Light Elves in Norse mythology and appears also in Anglo-Scottish ballads under the form Elfhame ( Elphame, Elfame ) as a fairyland, sometimes modernized as Elfland ( Elfinland, Elvenland ).

Aachen (, also known as Bad Aachen ) is a spa town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Alexius is the Latinized form of the given name Alexios (, polytonic, " defender ", cf.

Abadan (, Arabic: عبادان, also Romanized as Ābādān ) is a city in and the capital of Abadan County, Khuzestan Province, Iran.

The Achaeans (, Akhaioí ) is one of the collective names used for the Greeks in Homer's Iliad ( used 598 times ) and Odyssey.

The Acts of the Apostles (, Práxeis tōn Apostólōn ; ), usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament ; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age.

Asterix or The Adventures of Asterix (, ) is a series of French comic books written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo ( Uderzo also took over the job of writing the series after the death of Goscinny in 1977 ).

Associazione Sportiva Roma (, ), commonly referred to as simply Roma, is a professional Italian football club based in Rome.

In that paper Faraday explained that when an electrolytic cell is oriented so that electric current traverses the " decomposing body " ( electrolyte ) in a direction " from East to West, or, which will strengthen this help to the memory, that in which the sun appears to move ", the anode is where the current enters the electrolyte, on the East side: " ano upwards, odos a way ; the way which the sun rises " (, reprinted in ).

Aarau (, locally ) is the capital of the northern Swiss canton of Aargau.

Abadeh (, also Romanized as Ābādeh ) is a city in and the capital of Abadeh County, in Fars Province, Iran.

Abae (, Abai ) is an ancient town in the northeastern corner of Phocis, in Greece.

Adenylate cyclase (, also known as adenylyl cyclase, adenyl cyclase or AC ) is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in nearly all cells.

Afyonkarahisar (, " poppy, opium ", ' kara ' " black ", ' hisar ' " fortress ") is a city in western Turkey, the capital of Afyon Province.

Non-violence is seen as the most essential religious duty for everyone (, a statement often inscribed on Jain temples ).

Amphisbaena (, plural: amphisbaenae ), amphisbaina, amphisbene, amphisboena, amphisbona, amphista, amphivena, or anphivena ( the last two being feminine ), a Greek word, from amphis, meaning " both ways ", and bainein, meaning " to go ", also called the Mother of Ants, is a mythological, ant-eating serpent with a head at each end.

According to the Bible, Amnon (, " faithful ") was the oldest son of David, King of Israel, with his wife, Ahinoam, who is described as " the Jezreelitess ".

In Chinese, the asterism consisting of α, β, and γ Aquilae is known as (, ).

Altair is thus known as (,, or more literally, Riverdrum 2 ).

Consequently, ε Ursae Majoris itself is known as (, ) and (, ).