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European and Robin
While popular in cinema and art for depictions of medieval European characters ( such as Robin Hood ), this style of quiver originated with Native American tribes of North America, and was never used in medieval Europe or Asia.
However, the majority of birds do not migrate — the cardinal and European Robin, for example.
The European Robin was one of the many species originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th century work, Systema Naturae, under the name of Motacilla rubecula.
In it they concluded that Gran Canaria's Robin diverged genetically from their European relatives as far back as 2. 3 million years, while the Tenerife ones took half a million years to make this leap, 1. 8 million years ago.
The larger American Robin ( Turdus migratorius ) is named for its similarity to the European Robin, but the two birds are not closely related.
The Australian " robin redbreast ", more correctly the Scarlet Robin ( Petroica multicolor ), is more closely related to the crows and jays than it is to the European Robin.
The adult European Robin is 12. 5 – 14. 0 cm ( 5. 0 – 5. 5 in ) long and weighs 16 – 22 g ( 9 / 16 – 13 / 16 oz ), with a wingspan of 20 – 22 cm ( 8 – 9 in ).
The European Robin prefers spruce woods in northern Europe, contrasting with its preference for parks and gardens in the British Isles.
Attempts to introduce the European Robin into Australia and New Zealand in the latter part of the 19th century were unsuccessful.
* European Robin videos, photos & sounds on Internet Bird Collection.
* Sonatura: Song of the European Robin
* Sveriges Radio P2: Song of the European Robin ( Real Audio soundfile )
The Siberian Rubythroat is slightly larger than the European Robin.
At 13 – 14 cm long and 10 – 18 g weight, the Red-flanked Bluetail is similar in size and weight to the Common Redstart and slightly smaller ( particularly with a slimmer build ) than the European Robin.
The Thrush Nightingale is similar in size to the European Robin.
The Common Nightingale is slightly larger than the European Robin, at length.
The Bluethroat is similar in size to the European Robin at 13 – 14 cm.
* European Robin ( Erithacus rubecula )
Robin Richardson, an original member of the Commission on British Muslims and Islamophobia, at a 2009 symposium on " Islamophobia and Religious Discrimination ", said that " the disadvantages of the term Islamophobia are significant " on seven different grounds, including that it implies it is merely a " severe mental illness " affecting " only a tiny minority of people "; that use of the term makes those to whom it is applied " defensive and defiant " and absolves the user of " the responsibility of trying to understand them " or trying to change their views ; that it implies that hostility to Muslims is divorced from factors such as skin color, immigrant status, fear of fundamentalism, or political or economic conflicts ; that it conflates prejudice against Muslims in one's own country with dislike of Muslims in countries with which the West is in conflict ; that it fails to distinguish between people who are against all religion from people who dislike Islam specifically ; and that the actual issue being described is hostility to Muslims, " an ethno-religious identity within European countries ", rather than hostility to Islam.
File: European Robin aka. jpg | European Robin

European and Erithacus
Thus the Tenerife robin may be treated as a different species from the European robin, in which case its name is Erithacus superbus, or as only a subspecies, in which case its name is Erithacus rubecula superbus.
Biogeography and mtDNA cytochrome b sequence data indicate that these might better be classified with some Far Eastern " nightingales ", leaving only the European species in Erithacus.
Christian Dietzen, Hans-Hinrich Witt and Michael Wink published in 2003 in Avian Science a study called " The phylogeographic differentiation of the European robin Erithacus rubecula on the Canary Islands revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence data and morphometrics: evidence for a new robin taxon on Gran Canaria ?".
Robins from the western Canary Islands: El Hierro, La Palma and La Gomera ( E. ( r .) microrhynchus ) are similar to the European ( Erithacus rubecula ).
The Whinchat is similar in size to its relative the European Robin ( Erithacus rubecula ), 12 – 14 cm long and 13 – 26 g weight.
* Erithacus rubecula European Robin
* European robin ( Erithacus rubecula ): whitish-grey eggs speckled with bright red.

European and ),
Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.
* and ( previously ), defining the abstract-related requirements in a European patent application
According to a research report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Oran was decimated by the plague in 1556 and 1678, but outbreaks after European colonization, in 1921 ( 185 cases ), 1931 ( 76 cases ), and 1944 ( 95 cases ), were very far from the scale of the epidemic described in the novel.
abate ), as commonly used in the Catholic Church on the European continent, is the equivalent of the English " Father " ( parallel etymology ), being loosely applied to all who have received the tonsure.
NASA's planned Space Interferometry Mission ( SIM PlanetQuest ) ( now cancelled ) was to utilize astrometric techniques to detect terrestrial planets orbiting 200 or so of the nearest solar-type stars, and the European Space Agency's GAIA ( due to launch in 2012 ), which will be applying astrometric techniques in its stellar census.
Eastern European theorists include Pyotr Stolypin ( 1862 – 1911 ) and Alexander Chayanov ( 1888 – 1939 ) in Russia ; Adolph Wagner ( 1835 – 1917 ), and Karl Oldenberg in Germany, and Bolesław Limanowski ( 1835 – 1935 ) in Poland.
Essays in European Economic History, 1500 – 1800, ( 1974 ), translated articles from Annales
* Adrian Severin ( born 1954 ), Romanian politician and Member of the European Parliament
The early translators included Mashallah, who helped to elect the time for the foundation of Baghdad, and Sahl ibn Bishr, ( a. k. a. Zael ), whose texts were directly influential upon later European astrologers such as Guido Bonatti in the 13th century, and William Lilly in the 17th century.
On the European stage Roma won an Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960 – 61, coming close to European Cup victory in 1983 – 84 ( lost the one-legged final played at home against Liverpool after a penalty shootout ), and finishing as runners-up in the UEFA Cup for 1990 – 91 ( two-legged aggregate defeat against Internazionale ).
It is also the first known European record ( in chapter 38 ) that mentions Vinland ( Winland ) island ( insula ), a land centuries later possibly identified as Newfoundland, Canada, North America, as well as dog-headed people in Scandinavia.
The Community acquis or acquis communautaire (; ), sometimes called the EU acquis, and often shortened to acquis, is the accumulated legislation, legal acts, and court decisions which constitute the body of European Union law.
European segmental arch bridges date back to at least the Alconétar Bridge ( approximately 2nd century AD ), while the enormous Roman era Trajan's Bridge ( 105 AD ) featured open-spandrel segmental arches in wooden construction.
Bay leaves are a fixture in the cooking of many European cuisines ( particularly those of the Mediterranean ), as well as in the Americas.
The Bahamas is a beneficiary of the U. S .- Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act ( CBTPA ), Canada's CARIBCAN program, and the European Union's Lome IV Agreement.
The Bahamas has a few notable industrial firms: the Freeport pharmaceutical firm, PFC Bahamas ( formerly Syntex ), which recently streamlined its production and was purchased by the Swiss pharmaceutical firm Roche ; the BORCO oil facility, also in Freeport, which transships oil in the region ; the Commonwealth Brewery in Nassau, which produces Heineken, Guinness, and Kalik beers ; and Bacardi Corp., which distills rum in Nassau for shipment to the U. S. and European markets.
The U. S. Agency for International Development ( USAID ) and Support for Eastern European Democracies ( SEED ) has played a large role in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, including programs in economic development and reform, democratic reform ( media, elections ), infrastructure development, and training programs for Bosnian professionals, among others.
Bank for International Settlements, Council of Europe, Central European Initiative, EBRD, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, FAO, Group of 77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, International Criminal Court, International Development Association, IFAD, International Finance Corporation, IFRCS, ILO, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Interpol, IOC, International Organization for Migration ( observer ), ISO, ITU, Non-Aligned Movement ( guest ), Organization of American States ( observer ), OIC ( observer ), OPCW, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Southeast European Cooperative Initiative, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ( observer )

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