During the Algerian War of Independence, the FLN adopted an organizational system divided by 6 numbered wilayas:

During 1956 and 1957, the FLN successfully applied hit-and-run tactics in accordance with guerrilla warfare theory, which was at the time being formalized ( in particular by Mao Zedong ) as " people's war ".

Armed with shotguns and using guerrilla tactics similar to those of the FLN, the harkis, who eventually numbered about 180, 000 volunteers, more than the FLN effectives, were an ideal instrument of counterinsurgency warfare.

The French Army shifted its tactics at the end of 1958 from dependence on quadrillage to the use of mobile forces deployed on massive search-and-destroy missions against FLN strongholds.

After the collapse of the MTLD, Messali Hadj formed the leftist Mouvement National Algérien ( MNA ), which advocated a policy of violent revolution and total independence similar to that of the FLN.

* Algérie ( Algeria ), once similar to Tunis, but incorporated directly into the French Republic, got its only High commissioner on 19 March 1962: Christian Fouchet ( b. 1911 – d. 1974 ), until its 3 July 1962 independence from France ( Algerian State ; 25 September 1962 People's Democratic Algerian Republic ruled by the FLN, the former armed revolt )

Corpses of purported FLN members displayed by the unit were in fact those of dissidents and members of other Algerian groups killed by the FLN.

It was a recurring claim by the French authorities that more Algerian Muslims were serving with their forces than with those of the nationalist Front de Libération Nationale ( FLN ).

However, according to Algerian historian Mohammed Harbi, a former FLN member, comparison between harkis and traitors or " collaborators " is not pertinent as, according to him, fighters during the Algerian War and those who opposed the French resistance to collaborators cannot be compared.

An attack by the FLN in 1955 during the war of Independence left around 123 civilians dead, mainly French and those suspected of collaboration.

The violence provoked international condemnation of those responsible ; US State Department spokesman Nicholas Burns declared that " these Islamic terrorists ... deserve special criticism and condemnation by the world community for these despicable acts ", while the Algerian FLN stated that " This barbarity is condemned by all religions, laws and morals of humanity.

Taking advantage of liberalization by the unpopular ruling leftist / nationalist FLN regime, it used its preaching to advocate the establishment of a legal system following Sharia law, education in Arabic rather than French, and gender segregation, with women staying home to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men.

The FLN uprising presented nationalist groups with the question of whether to adopt armed revolt as the main course of action.

They planted incriminating forged documents, spread false rumors of treachery and fomented distrust .... As a frenzy of throat-cutting and disemboweling broke out among confused and suspicious FLN cadres, nationalist slaughtered nationalist from April to September 1957 and did France's work for her.

The platform also envisioned the FLN as a mass organization broad enough to encompass all nationalist groups.

The Pieds-Noirs are known in reference to the Algerian War that opposed Algerian nationalist groups such as the Front de Libération Nationale ( FLN ) and Mouvement national algérien ( MNA ) against the colonial French rule massively supported by the Pieds-Noirs.

By 1956-two years into the war-nearly all the nationalist organizations in Algeria had joined the FLN, which had established itself as the main nationalist group through both co-opting and coercing smaller organizations.

A statist-socialist and anticolonial nationalist, Boumédiène ruled through decree and " revolutionary legitimacy ", marginalizing the FLN in favour of his personal decision-making and the military establishment, even while retaining the one-party system.

Also strongly present as an ideological influence on the FLN was Algerian Islam, especially of the reformist-nationalist variety espoused by Ben Badis and his group of nationalist ulema.

The FLN targeted both collaborators and rival nationalist groups and some Algerians enrolled in the Harkis to avenge the deaths of relatives.

An advocate of the Non-Aligned Movement, Modibo defended the nationalist movements like the Algerian National Liberation Front ( FLN ).

He was a nationalist leader in the FLN during Algeria's struggle for independence from France.

Two months before, FLN had decided to increase the bombing in France and to resume the campaign against the pro-France Algerians and against the rival Algerian nationalist organization called MNA in France.

* Algerian War: Algerian nationalist leader Ferhat Abbas announced in Rabat, Morocco, that the FLN had agreed to French President Charles de Gaulle's proposal to begin peace talks on Algerian independence.

The OAS was formed out of existing networks, calling themselves " counter-terrorists ", " self-defence groups ", or " resistance ", which had carried out attacks on the FLN and their perceived supporters since early in the war.

But it seemed that, as in Indochina, " the French focused on developing native guerrilla groups that would fight against the FLN ", one of whom fought in the Southern Atlas Mountains, equipped by the French Army.

Paramilitary groups such as the Front de Libération nationale ( FLN ) appeared, claiming an Arabo-Islamic brotherhood and state.

Messali's brand of Algerian nationalism gained its most important following among Algerian workers in France, while the FLN and other grass-roots groups took hold in Algeria.

The OS had around 1500-2000 members at its peak, and spawned the groups that would later form the FLN ; this group, in turn, became the leading force in the Algerian War of Independence ( 1954 – 1962 ), and later Algeria's single ruling party until 1992.

** The OAS signs a truce with the FLN in Algeria, but a day later announces that it will continue the fight on behalf of French Algerians.

As a result the OAS eventually found itself in violent clandestine conflict with not only the FLN but also French secret services and with a Gaullist paramilitary, the Mouvement pour la Communauté ( the MPC ).

Effectively started by members of the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) on November 1, 1954, during the Toussaint Rouge (" Red All Saints ' Day "), the conflict shook the foundations of the French Fourth Republic ( 1946 – 58 ) and led to its eventual collapse.

The war involved a large number of rival movements which fought against each other at different moments, such as on the independence side, when the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) fought viciously against the Algerian National Movement ( MNA ) in Algeria and in the Café Wars on the French mainland ; on the pro-French side, during its final months, when the conflict evolved into a civil war between pro-French hardliners in Algeria and supporters of General Charles de Gaulle.

The French Army split during two attempted coups, while the right-wing Organisation de l ' armée secrète ( OAS ) fought against both the FLN and the French government's forces.

Founded in 1954, the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) succeeded Messali Hadj's Algerian People's Party ( PPA ), while its leaders created an armed wing, the Armée de Libération Nationale ( National Liberation Army ) to engage in an armed struggle against French authority.

In the early morning hours of November 1, 1954, FLN maquisards ( guerrillas ) or " terrorists ", as they were called by the French, launched attacks in various parts of Algeria against military and civilian targets in what became known as the Toussaint Rouge ( Red All-Saints ' Day ).

The killing by the FLN and its supporters of 123 people, including 71 French, including old women and babies, shocked Jacques Soustelle into calling for more repressive measures against the rebels.

France took a more openly hostile view of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's material and political assistance to the FLN, which some French analysts believed was the most important element in sustaining continued rebel activity in Algeria.

To increase international and domestic French attention to their struggle, the FLN decided to bring the conflict to the cities and to call a nationwide general strike and also to plant bombs in public places.

But the FLN had succeeded in showing its ability to strike at the heart of French Algeria and to rally and force a mass response to its demands among urban Muslims.

From its origins in 1954 as ragtag maquisards numbering in the hundreds and armed with a motley assortment of hunting rifles and discarded French, German, and American light weapons, the FLN had evolved by 1957 into a disciplined fighting force of 40, 000.

In addition to service as a flying ambulance and cargo carrier, French forces utilized the helicopter for the first time in a ground attack role in order to pursue and destroy fleeing FLN guerrilla units.

" Persuaded " to work for the French forces included by the use of torture and threats against their family ; these agents " mingled with FLN cadres.

The FLN also used pseudo-guerrilla strategies against the French Army on one occasion, with Force K, a group of 1, 000 Algerians who volunteered to serve in Force K as guerrillas for the French.

In one episode, FLN guerrillas, who refused to surrender and withdraw from a cave complex, were dealt with by French Foreign Legion Pioneer troops, who, lacking flamethrowers or explosives, simply bricked up each cave, leaving the residents to die of suffocation.