However, subsequent case law ( Durant vs. FSA ) has limited the scope of the protection provided by this law, and not all CCTV systems are currently regulated.

William Stukeley FRS, FRCP, FSA ( 7 November 1687 – 3 March 1765 ) was an English antiquarian who pioneered the archaeological investigation of the prehistoric monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury, work for which he has been remembered as " probably ... the most important of the early forerunners of the discipline of archaeology ".

This type of analysis has become increasingly widespread, and has been taken up by various governmental bodies ( such as the FSA in the UK ) or inter-governmental bodies such as the European Banking Authority and the International Monetary Fund ) as a regulatory requirement on certain financial institutions to ensure adequate capital allocation levels to cover potential losses incurred during extreme, but plausible, events.

The FSA has the legal form of a company limited by guarantee ( number 01920623 ).

In addition to regulating banks, insurance companies and financial advisers, the FSA has regulated mortgage business from 31 October 2004 and general insurance ( excluding travel insurance ) intermediaries from 14 January 2005.

The FSA has a priority of making retail markets for financial products and services work more effectively, and so help retail consumers to get a fair deal.

Over several years, the FSA has developed work to raise levels of confidence and capability among consumers.

However, despite determining that there was a problem in the selling of PPI, the FSA has taken effective action against very few firms in the case of PPI and it was the Office of Fair Trading ( OFT ) that finally took on the wider implications role in the case of bank charges.

The FSA has been criticised by some within the IFA community for increasing fees charged to firms and for the perceived retroactive application of current standards to historic business practices.

The perceived lack of action by the FSA in many cases, and allegations of regulatory capture has led to it being nicknamed the Fundamentally Supine Authority by Private Eye magazine.

Although one of the prime responsibilities of the FSA is to protect consumers, The FSA has been active in trying to ensure companies ' anonymity when they have been involved in misselling activity, preferring to side with the companies that have been found guilty rather than consumers.

The FSA has steadfastly refused to publicly name the miscreant companies and has spent £ 100, 000s on legal fees to baulk the efforts of the Information Commissioner who had concluded that naming the companies would be in the public interest.

The FSA has denied the claims-" This is not whistleblowing, it is green ink " a spokesman said.

The Prime Minister's criticisms were viewed as particularly surprising since the FSA's brand of light-touch financial regulation has typically been popular with banks and financial institutions in comparison with the more prescriptive rules-based regulation employed by the US Securities and Exchange Commission and by other European regulators ; by contrast, most critiques of the FSA accuse it of instigating a regulatory " race to the bottom " aimed at attracting foreign companies at the expense of consumer protection.

The FSA has been criticised for its supposedly weak enforcement program.

For example, while FSMA prohibits insider trading, the FSA has only successfully prosecuted two insider dealing cases, both involving defendants who did not contest the charges.

Likewise, since 2001, the FSA has only sought insider trading fines eight times against individuals and companies it regulates, despite the FSA's own studies indicating that unexplained price movements occurs prior to around 25 percent of all UK corporate merger announcements.

For example, it has been reported that Australia's Commonwealth Bank is measured as having 7. 6 % Tier 1 capital under the rules of the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, but this would be measured as 10. 1 % if the bank was under the jurisdiction of the FSA.

The review broadly acknowledges that ' light touch ' regulation has failed and that the FSA should concentrate on macroeconomic regulation as well as scrutinising individual companies.

It has an " FSA store " containing items that are likely to be eligible for purchase using a medical flexible spending account, and by extension a health reimbursement account or health savings account as well.

Since 14 January 2005 The FSA ( Financial Services Authority ) have also been regulating the Motor Industry, applicable when insurance products have been sold in conjunction with the vehicle purchase.

There have also been some questions raised about the competence of FSA staff.

On 11 February 2009, FSA deputy chairman, Sir James Crosby resigned after it was revealed that he had fired a whistleblower, Paul Moore, who had warned of dangerous lending practices at HBOS when he had been in charge of risk regulation.

In response as to why Sir James Crosby had been appointed deputy chairman when his bank HBOS had been highlighted by the FSA as using risky lending practises, Lord Turner said that they had files on almost every financial institution indicating a degree of risk.

The review found that-with hindsight-there had been some " deficiencies " on the part of FSA in the discharge of their regulatory responsibilities, but also stated that " the die had been cast " by the time the FSA had assumed regulatory responsibility for the Society in relation to those who had already invested in Equitable.

Her 2, 819-page report accused the regulators, i. e. the DTI, GAD, and FSA of " comprehensive failure ", found the Government guilty of ten counts of maladminstration and called for a compensation scheme " to put those people who have suffered a relative loss back into the position that they would have been in, had maladministration not occurred ".

In response as to why Sir James Crosby had been appointed deputy chairman when his bank HBOS had been highlighted by the FSA as using risky lending practises, Lord Turner said that they had files on almost every financial institution indicating a degree of risk.

A member of the society is eligible to vote in board elections if they have the title of FSA, or if they have held the title of ASA for at least 5 years, and only FSAs can be elected to the board.

The Roy Stryker Papers, including manuscripts, correspondence, and vintage prints from the Stryker-directed projects — Farm Security Administration ( FSA ), the Standard Oil ( New Jersey ) Co. and Jones & Laughlin Steel — are held in Photographic Archives, Special Collections, William F. Ekstrom Library, University of Louisville.

FSA ’ s main events are its sacred sexuality Beltane Festival ( held over five days at Beltane in May ) and the Free Spirit Gathering, held in June.

In the United Kingdom, where 80 % of Europe's hedge funds are based, hedge fund managers are required to be authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority ( FSA ), the national regulator.

In October 2009, the UK Financial Services Authority ( FSA ) commenced six-monthly surveys of the risks posed by hedge funds and their counterparties.

Later work led by Edgar Kingsley Tratman ( 1899 – 1978 ) OBE DSc MD FSA explored the human occupation of the Rhinoceros hole, and showed that the fourth chamber of the great cave was a Romano-British cemetery.

In May 2009, a trader at the firm was suspended by the FSA for a series of unauthorized commodities trades entered after becoming intoxicated during a three and half hour lunch.

It is regulated by the Financial Services Authority ( FSA ) under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

All members are approved by the FSA.

Appointed by the Corporation, the committee consisted on twelve advisors under the chairmanship of Charles Reed FSA ( son of the Congregational philanthropist Dr Andrew Reed ) who rose to prominence as the first MP for Hackney and Chairman of the first School Board for London before being knighted.

The transition is expected to be completed by 2012 and existing FSA chief executive Hector Sants will continue in this role and will oversee the process.

Companies involved in any of the following activities must be regulated by the FSA.

The Financial Services Act 2010, which was passed by Parliament on 8 April 2010, gave the FSA the additional statutory objective of " Contributing to the protection and enhancement of the stability of the UK financial system " and removed the public awareness objective.

The statutory objectives are supported by a set of principles of good regulation which the FSA must have regard to when discharging its functions.

This principle is designed to guard against unnecessary intrusion by the FSA into firms ’ business and requires it to hold senior management responsible for risk management and controls within firms.

The primary delivery mechanism of financial services to retail customers is via apprioximately 30, 000 Independent Financial Advisers ( IFAs ) who are authorised and regulated by the FSA.

The FSA said " It is for the bank, building society or credit card company to show that the transaction was made by you, and there was no breakdown in procedures or technical difficulty " before refusing liability.

The FSA is not accountable to Treasury Ministers or to Parliament, as confirmed by Hector Sants at a Treasury Select Committee meeting on 9 March 2011.

This was further confirmed by Mark Garnier MP who, when commenting on the FSA's negative reaction to a Treasury Select Committee ( TSC ) report on the RDR, stated that if the FSA chose to ignore the TSC there was nothing they could do about it.

The FSA is also provided with advice on the interests and concerns of consumers by the Financial Services Consumer Panel.

Members of the panel are appointed and can be dismissed by the FSA and emails to them are directed to FSA staff.

The FSA is governed by a Board appointed by HM Treasury.