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Page "W. T. Cosgrave" ¶ 34
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Fianna and Fáil
Coalitions are typically formed of two or more parties always consisting of one of the two biggest parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, and one or more smaller parties or independent members of parliament.
Ireland has had consecutive coalition governments since the 1989 general election, excluding two brief Fianna Fáil minority administrations in 1994 and 2011 that followed the withdrawal of their coalition partners from government.
Before 1989, Fianna Fáil had opposed participation in coalition governments, preferring single-party minority government instead.
Irish coalition governments have traditionally been based on one of two large blocs in Dáil Éireann: either Fianna Fáil in coalition with smaller parties or independents, or Fine Gael and the Labour Party in coalition, sometimes with smaller parties.
The only exception to these traditional alliances was the first Government of the 27th Dáil, comprising Fianna Fáil and the Labour Party, which ruled between 1993 and 1994.
The Government of the 31st Dáil, though a traditional Fine Gael – Labour coalition, resembles a grand coalition, due to the collapse of Fianna Fáil to third place among parties in Dáil Éireann.
Canada, Ireland, and Portugal had right-wing political parties that defied categorization: the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ; Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and Progressive Democrats in Ireland ; and the Social Democratic Party of Portugal.
In the past Dublin city was regarded as a stronghold for Fianna Fáil, however following the Irish local elections, 2004 the party was eclipsed by the centre-left Labour Party.
* Dick Roche ( Fianna Fáil, Ireland )
* Máire Geoghegan-Quinn ( Fianna Fáil, Ireland ): European Commissioner for Science and Research
Fine Gael is generally considered to be more on the political right in comparison to its more centrist rival, Fianna Fáil, but Fine Gael has never governed Ireland without the Labour Party, a social-democratic party on the centre-left of Irish politics.
This strategy was criticised by Fianna Fáil Minister for Children, Barry Andrews.
At the 2009 Local elections held on 5 June 2009, Fine Gael won 556 seats, surpassing Fianna Fáil which won 407 seats, and making Fine Gael the largest party of local government nationally.
Lowry, currently an independent TD, supported the Fianna Fáil – Green Party government in Dáil Éireann until March 2011.
Fianna FáilThe Republican Party, more commonly known as Fianna Fáil () is a centrist to centre-right Irish republican and conservative political party in Ireland, founded on 23 March 1926.
Historically, Fianna Fáil has been seen as to the left of Fine Gael and to the right of the Labour Party and is generally seen as a classic " catch all " populist party-representing a broad range of people from all social classes with the belief in the coincidence of economic growth and social progress.
Fianna Fáil has led governments including parties of the centre-left ( Labour and the Green Party ) and of the centre-right ( the now-defunct Progressive Democrats ) and is often seen as a pragmatic party of the establishment.
Since the formation of the first Fianna Fáil government on 9 March 1932, the party has been in power for 61 of the last 79 years.
Fianna Fáil joined the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party on 16 April 2009, and has sat in its associated Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group in the European Parliament since the 2009 European elections.
Although the posts of leader and party president of Fianna Fáil are separate, with the former elected by the Parliamentary Party and the latter elected by the Ardfheis ( thus allowing for the posts to be held by different people, in theory ), in practice they have always been held by the one person.
The chart below shows a timeline of Fianna Fáil leaders and the Presidents of the Executive Council and Taoiseach.
The left bar shows all the leaders of Fianna Fáil, and the right bar shows the corresponding make-up of the Irish government at that time.

Fianna and government
* 2011 – In the Irish general election, the Fianna Fáil-led government suffers the worst defeat of a sitting government since the formation of the Irish state in 1921.
The Greens became part of the Irish government for the first time following the Irish general election, 2007, having agreed upon a programme for government in coalition with Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats.
With further postponements threatened by Fianna Fáil, and increasingly dissatisfied with their larger coalition partner, the party announced its withdrawal from government on 23 January 2011.
Party Chairman Dan Boyle and Déirdre de Búrca were nominated by the Taoiseach to Seanad Éireann after the formation of the Fianna Fáil – PD – Green Party government in 2007 and Niall Ó Brolcháin elected in December 2009.
In 1926, he founded Fianna Fáil, and was head of government ( President of the Executive Council, later Taoiseach ) from 1932 to 1948, 1951 to 1954, and 1957 to 1959, when he resigned after being elected as President of Ireland.
On 13 June 2007, the Irish Green Party / Comhaontas Glas agreed to a coalition with Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats, going into government for the first time in their history.
On 13 June 2007, the Irish Green Party represented by 6 members of parliament or TDs agreed to go into a coalition government for the first time in their history, with Fianna Fáil.
Unable to compete with this Cosgrave and his party lost the election, and a minority Fianna Fáil government came to power.
Fianna Fáil were expected to have a short tenure in government, however, this turned out to be a sixteen year period of rule by the new party.
The remark was a small part of a much longer speech whose main point was that the bill was an unconstitutional overreaction by the Fianna Fáil government and an unfair scapegoating of the Blueshirts movement.
While it looked as if Fianna Fáil were heading for a seventh consecutive victory all the other parties in the Dáil joined to form the first inter-party government in the history of the Irish state.
While it looked as if co-operation between these parties would not be feasible a shared opposition to Fianna Fáil and Éamon de Valera overcame all other difficulties and the coalition government was formed.
After the provisional government abandoned the GPO, and set up HQ at Moore Street, James Connolly gave command of the GPO to Seán McLoughlin, a Fianna officer.
The Free State government brought in new legislation in 1931 to counter the popularity of the resurgent Fianna.
In 1934 the Fianna Fáil government set up a version of the Free State CID, when they enticed members of the Dublin Brigade IRA to join the Special Branch of An Garda Siochana.
It now appears that the first Chief Scout of Na Fianna after the reorganisation was Tomas Óg MacCurtain of Cork ( United Irishman newspaper, November 1948 ) who emerged from Portlaoise Prison after a general amnesty given by the Fianna Fáil government in 1946.

Fianna and under
* Fianna Fáil under Éamon de Valera ( 1932 – 37 )
In an era when democratic governments formed in the aftermath of the First World War were moving away from democracy and towards dictatorships, the Free State under Cosgrave remained unambiguously democratic, a fact shown by his handing over of power to his one-time friend, then rival, Éamon de Valera, when de Valera's Fianna Fáil won the 1932 general election, in the process killing off talk within the Irish Army of staging a coup to keep Cosgrave in power and de Valera out of it.
" Fianna na hEireann " is currently on the list of terrorist groups proscribed in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act ( 2000 ).
Volunteers under the command of Fianna officer Paddy Houlihan captured and burned down the Linenhall Barracks.
Fianna, under their new Brigadier, Seán Harling, took over 35 North Great Georges Street as a barracks.
There was a general reorganisation of the Republican Movement when the prisoners were all released by 1947. The IRA took Na Fianna under its wing.
A graduate of University College Dublin, Ó Dálaigh was a committed Fianna Fáil supporter who served on the party's National Executive in the 1930s, he became Ireland's youngest Attorney General in 1946 under Taoiseach Éamon de Valera, serving until 1948.
Hillery, though not himself political, agreed under pressure from Clare's senior Fianna Fáil TD, party leader and former Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera, to become his running mate at the 1951 general election.
Instead of re-entering coalition with Fianna Fáil under Ahern, however, Spring led Labour into successful coalition negotiations with Fine Gael and the Democratic Left.
Similar laws were passed for Limerick in 1934 and Waterford in 1939 under the Fianna Fáil Government.
The party was founded in 1985 by Desmond O ' Malley, a former senior minister in Fianna Fáil governments under Jack Lynch and Charles Haughey.
In the 1997 general election, it endorsed Fianna Fáil under a front page editorial, entitled " It's Payback Time ".
His then Attorney-General, Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh had been working on the various options when de Valera's Fianna Fáil administration was replaced by the First Inter-Party Government under Costello.
Fianna Fáil's founder and longtime leader, Taoiseach Éamon de Valera ( under pressure from members of his party ) decided to leave active party politics and seek the presidency.
The outgoing president Éamon de Valera reluctantly agreed under Fianna Fáil party pressure to seek a second term.
Instead Fianna Fáil proposed Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh, a former Chief Justice and an Attorney-General under Éamon de Valera.
When Lenihan's campaign manager, Bertie Ahern, named Duffy on radio as someone who had interviewed Lenihan back in May, a political storm erupted in which the journalist was put under siege by the media and Fianna Fáil, leading to his reluctant decision, after consulting with lawyers, to release the portion of the tape in which Lenihan talked about the events of January 1982.
O ' Kennedy's return was seen as an attempt to assert his claim to the future leadership of Fianna Fáil, something that had been a contentious issude under Haughey and his failure to secure an overall majority in two elections.
In opposition, and under new Fianna Fáil leader Bertie Ahern, McCreevy was named to the Front Bench as Spokesman for Finance.
Cowen was also leader of Fianna Fáil from 7 May 2008 until 22 January 2011, when he resigned under political pressure after a failed and highly controversial attempt at a cabinet reshuffle.
These claims were echoed by opposition TDs including Fine Gael politician Leo Varadkar who called for a " full and Public " explanation, requesting an investigation as to whether O ' Donoghue's expense claims were standard under Fianna Fáil leadership during his tenure as Minister for Arts, Sport and Tourism.
The flats were built in the 1960s under the authority of Neil Blaney, the then Fianna Fáil Minister for Local Government.
Fianna Fáil's campaign involved the refusal to make any definite commitments, however, they attempted to convince the electorate that the country would be better under Fianna Fáil.

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