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Founding and Fathers
Once again, as in the days of the Founding Fathers, America faces a stern test.
Incapable of self-delusion, the Founding Fathers found the crisis of their time to be equally grave, and yet they had confidence that America would surmount it and that a republic of free peoples would prosper and serve as an example to a world aching for liberty.
Less dazzling than Hamilton, less eloquent than Jefferson, John Jay commands an equally high rank among the Founding Fathers.
The North and the South were in greater agreement on sovereignty, through all their dispute about it, than were the Founding Fathers.
Foner argues that Lincoln was a moderate in the middle, opposing slavery primarily because it violated the republicanism principles of the Founding Fathers, especially the equality of all men and democratic self-government as expressed in the Declaration of Independence.
Lincoln warned that " The Slave Power " was threatening the values of republicanism, and accused Douglas of distorting the values of the Founding Fathers that all men are created equal, while Douglas emphasized his Freeport Doctrine, that local settlers were free to choose whether to allow slavery or not, and accused Lincoln of having joined the abolitionists.
Lincoln argued that the Founding Fathers had little use for popular sovereignty and had repeatedly sought to restrict slavery.
Lincoln believed that curtailing slavery in these ways would economically expunge it, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers, under the constitution.
Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790 ) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
His colorful life and legacy of scientific and political achievement, and status as one of America's most influential Founding Fathers, have seen Franklin honored on coinage and money ; warships ; the names of many towns, counties, educational institutions, namesakes, and companies ; and more than two centuries after his death, countless cultural references.
A 1824 landmark U. S. Supreme Court ruling overturned a New York State-granted monopoly (" a veritable model of state munificence " facilitated by one of the Founding Fathers, Robert R. Livingston ) for the then-revolutionary technology of steamboats.
Many Enlightenment thinkers ( such as Adam Smith and the American Founding Fathers ) subscribed to this view to some extent, and it remains influential among so-called classical liberals and libertarians.
Attendees of King's College, Columbia's predecessor, included five Founding Fathers.
American Founding Fathers, or Framers of the Constitution, who were especially noted for being influenced by such philosophy include Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Cornelius Harnett, Gouverneur Morris, and Hugh Williamson.
Other notable Founding Fathers may have been more directly deist.
In the United States there is controversy over whether the Founding Fathers were Christians, deists, or something in between.
For his part, Thomas Jefferson is perhaps one of the Founding Fathers with the most outspoken of Deist tendencies, though he is not known to have called himself a deist, generally referring to himself as a Unitarian.
George Washington ( –, 1799 ), was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, serving as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War and later as the new republic's first President.
As Fourth of July celebrations commemorating the Founding Fathers and the heroes of the Revolutionary War became increasingly popular, however, the pursuit of ' antiquarianism ,' which focused on local history, became acceptable as a way to honor the achievements of early Americans.
Thus, it has been suggested that Adams is the only major figure in American history who knew both the Founding Fathers and Abraham Lincoln, though Martin Van Buren knew Founding Fathers Thomas Jefferson and his mentor Aaron Burr and met the young Lincoln while on a campaign trip through Illinois.
His death came 55 years after the U. S. Declaration of Independence was proclaimed and 5 years after the death of two other Founding Fathers who became Presidents: John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
* Holmes, David L. The Faiths of the Founding Fathers, May 2006, online version

Founding and United
Image: Alexander Hamilton portrait by John Trumbull 1806. jpg | Alexander Hamilton, Founding Father and the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, Columbia College
* 1745 – Benjamin Rush, doctor and Founding Father of the United States ( d. 1813 )
Founding a Wiccan group known as the Bricket Wood coven, he introduced a string of High Priestesses into the religion, including Doreen Valiente, Lois Bourne, Patricia Crowther and Eleanor Bone, through which the Gardnerian community spread throughout Britain and subsequently into Australia and the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
* 1755 – Alexander Hamilton, Nevis born American Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher ; 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury ( d. 1804 )
Monroe was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States, the third of them to die on Independence Day, and the last president from the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation.
Scholars have argued that Machiavelli was a major indirect and direct influence upon the political thinking of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
However, the Founding Father who perhaps most studied and valued Machiavelli as a political philosopher was John Adams, who profusely commented on the Italian's thought in his work, A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America.
* 1945 – Founding of the United Nations
Some devout Christian Americans have been disinclined to believe that there may have been non-religious ( or even non-Christian ) presidents, especially amongst the Founding Fathers of the United States.
) – July 4, 1826 ) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence ( 1776 ) and the third President of the United States ( 1801 – 1809 ).
* Roger Sherman, a Founding Father of the United States of America.
As America's Founding Fathers shared a perfect horror at the concept of arbitrary courts of justice, such as those " of Philip in the Netherlands, in which life and property were daily confiscated without a jury, and which occasioned as much misery and a more rapid depopulation of the province ", they incorporated the right to trial by jury into the Bill of Rights, thereby restoring what soon-to-be United States Supreme Court Justice James Iredell described as that " noble palladium of liberty ", and protecting it from the reach of future legislators.
The United States Constitution has never formally addressed the issue of political parties, primarily because the Founding Fathers did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan.
** Founding negotiations for the United Nations begin in San Francisco.
* Howard Zinn, " The Founding Convention of the IWW " and " Self-help in Hard Times ", from A People's History of the United States.
During the American Revolution, Philadelphia played an instrumental role as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787.
He was also the grandson of Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America and Deborah Read.
Franklin often refers to Benjamin Franklin, a Founding Father of the United States.
* David Thompson ( less commonly Thomson ), founder ( 1623 ) of the first European settlement in New Hampshire, United States ( See: History of New Hampshire # Founding: 1600 – 1775 )
* Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ) polymath, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
However, George Washington was not the only Founding Father of the United States to advise neutrality in foreign affairs.

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