The first French confederation of workers, Confédération Générale du Travail ( CGT ) ( General Confederation of Labour ), was created in Limoges in 1895.

Category: Members of the French CGT

While Communist sympathisers were highly present among their ranks ( which explains their history of engagement in the Résistance, and according to some due to a desire to practice entryism ), a purge limited their number after the French Communist Party ( PCF ) took on the role of opposition to postwar governments – following a demonstration in Marseille ( 12 November 1947 ) called by the CGT union and the PCF that the CRS, a majority of whom were Communists, refused to repress, several companies were dissolved and the CRS were reorganised so as to remove Communist influence among their ranks.

The General Confederation of Labour (, CGT ) is a national trade union center, the first of the five major French confederations of trade unions.

According to the historian M. Dreyfus, the direction of the CGT is slowly evolving, since the 1990s, during which it cut all organic links with the French Communist Party ( PCF ), to a more moderate stance, and concentrating its attention, in particular since the 1995 general strikes, to trade-unionism in private sectors.

While Jouhaux tried to associate the CGT with the authorities, his opponents criticized the pervading air of nationalism and the preference for struggle with the German proletarians rather than the French employers.

Following the 1920 Tours Congress during which the majority of French Section of the Workers ' International ( SFIO ) members voted to accept Vladimir Ilyich Lenin's 21 Conditions, leading to the creation of the French Section of the Communist International ( SFIC ), the CGT also split.

Although the CGT was dominant in French trade unionism, it was isolated until 1966.

Thus, during the 1990s, under the leadership of Louis Viannet and Bernard Thibault, the CGT cut its organic links with the French Communist Party.

In 1937 CGT began organizing workers in French West Africa.

A leader of CGT in French West Africa, Bassirou Guèye, promoted this idea.

At a meeting of the Territorial Union of Trade Unions in Senegal and Mauritania, held in Dakar November 11 – November 12, 1955, the majority of delegates voted for separation from the French CGT.

A conference was held in Saint-Louis on January 14 – January 15, 1956 which formed the Confédération générale des travailleurs africains ( CGTA ), separating the parts of the West African CGT organizations from the French CGT.

Force Ouvrière was founded in 1948 by former members of the General Confederation of Labor ( CGT ) who denounced the dominance of the French Communist Party over that federation.

After World War II, members of the French Communist Party attained considerable influence within the CGT, controlling 21 of its 30 federations.

The hostility to the CGT and to the French Communist Party is the cement of the confederation.

It is the largest French trade union confederation by number of members ( 875, 000 ) but comes only second after the Confédération générale du travail ( CGT ) in voting results for representative bodies.

Among the larger national centers in the world are the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations and the Change to Win Federation in the USA ; the Canadian Labour Congress ; the Trades Union Congress ( TUC ) in Britain ; the Irish Congress of Trade Unions ; the Australian Council of Trade Unions ( ACTU ); the Congress of South African Trade Unions ; the Dutch FNV ; the Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish LO ; the German DGB ; the French CGT and CFDT ; the Italian CISL, CGIL and UIL ; the Japan Trade Union Confederation RENGO ; the Argentinian CGT and CTA ; the Brazilian CUT, and so on.

Category: Members of the French CGT

Category: Members of the French CGT

This lofty disregard for others was not shared by such men as Pierre Flotte and his associates, that `` brilliant group of mediocre men '', as Powicke calls them, who provided the brains for the French embassy that came to Rome under the nominal leadership of the archbishop of Narbonne, the duke of Burgundy, and the count of St.-Pol.

So it was that when Mr. Brown and Mr. Sharpe first saw the French tool on exhibition in Paris in 1868, they brought a sample with them to the United States and started Brown & Sharpe in yet another field where it retains its leadership to this day.

The Second French Empire, his Western European model, had been defeated in the Franco-Prussian War by the North German Confederation under the leadership of the Kingdom of Prussia.

It has been argued by John Mosier that, while the French soldiers in 1940 were better trained than German soldiers, as were the Americans later, and the German army was the least mechanised of the major armies, its leadership cadres were both larger and superior and their high standards of leadership were the primary reason for the successes of the German army in World War Two as it had been in World War One.

Anne further honoured Churchill, after his leadership in the victories against the French of 13 August 1704 near the village of Blenheim ( German Blindheim ) on the river Danube ( Battle of Blenheim ), by granting him the royal manor of Woodstock, and building him a house at her own expense to be called Blenheim.

Before 1750 the German upper classes looked to France for intellectual, cultural and architectural leadership ; French was the language of high society.

The French National Convention, the first elected Assembly of the First Republic ( 1792 – 1804 ), on the 4th of February 1794, under the leadership of Maximilien Robespierre, abolished slavery by law in France and all its colonies.

Because the royal leadership essentially abandoned the city, the mobs soon had the support of the French Guard, including arms and trained soldiers.

* 1429 – French forces under the leadership of Joan of Arc defeat the main English army under Sir John Fastolf at the Battle of Patay.

* The German senior level ( naval and national ) leadership requested the Vichy French to send warships from Dakar and / or Côte d ' Ivoire to pick up the survivors.

The Faculty of Education offers two-year post-degree bachelor degrees with specializations in international and Aboriginal education, French immersion and human resources development, as well as a Master of Education ( MEd ) in leadership in learning.

In 1708, Marlborough's army clashed with the French, who were beset by leadership problems: their commanders, the Duke of Burgundy ( Louis XIV's grandson ) and the duc de Vendôme were frequently at variance, the former often making unwise military decisions.

Berengar of Tours ( c. 999 – January 6, 1088 ) was a French 11th century Christian theologian and Archdeacon of Angers, a scholar whose leadership of the cathedral school at Chartres set an example of intellectual inquiry through the revived tools of dialectic that was soon followed at cathedral schools of Laon and Paris, and who disputed with the Church leadership over the doctrine of transubstantiation in the Eucharist.

After his departure from the cabinet, Chirac wanted to gain the leadership of the political right, in order to gain the French presidency in the future.

A new theocratic state, subsequently called the " Lebou Republic " by the French, was established under the leadership of the Diop, a Muslim clerical family originally from Koki in Cayor.

France beat the first and second coalition during the French Revolutionary Wars, and defeated the third ( Victory of Austerlitz ), the fourth ( Victory de Jena, Eylau, Friedland ) and fifth coalition ( Victory of Wagram ) under the leadership of Napoleon.

This had led to a strategy amongst the French leadership of seeking to rebuild the French military in order to fight a war of revenge against Britain, in which it was hoped the lost colonies could be recovered.

In this, if the ecologist parties benefited from the electoral decline of the PS in the beginning of the 1990s, the Greens competed for the leadership of the French ecologist movement.

In the following presidential election of 1995, Dominique Voynet polled a modest 3. 8 % but, in due to the marginalisation of Ecology Generation, the Greens captured the leadership into the family of the French political ecology.

The VNQDD had previously attempted to engage in clandestine activities to undermine French rule, but increasing French scrutiny of their activities led to their leadership group taking the risk of staging a large scale military attack in the Red River Delta in northern Vietnam.

There was only one hitch: the small town of Kehl, on the other side of the Rhine, was still under French jurisdiction.

Though Catherine was vexed at the number of French officers streaming to the Turkish standard, there were several under her own, such as the Prince De Nassau ; ;

When the negotiations began, his quarrel with the king of France was temporarily in abeyance, and he had no intention of reviving it so long as there was hope that French money would come to pay the troops who, under Charles of Valois, the papal vicar of Tuscany, were so valuable in the crusade against the Colonna cardinals and their Sicilian allies.

he rose at half-past six every morning, made himself some French coffee, had his corn flakes and more coffee, smoked four cigarettes while reading last Sunday's Herald Tribune and yesterday's Pittsburgh Gazette, then put on his high-topped farmer's shoes and walked under a vine bower to his workshop.

In Berlin he published his views of the chemical laws of nature in German and this was issued in French translation ( Paris, 1813 ) under the title Recherches Sur l'identite Des Forces chimiques et electriques, a work held in very high esteem by the new generation of research chemists.

* 1808 – Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.

* 1813 – At the Battle of Grossbeeren, the Prussians under Von Bülow repulse the French army.

Three years afterwards, under Yusuf's son and successor, Ali ibn Yusuf, Sintra and Santarém were added, and Iberia was again invaded in 1119 and 1121, but the tide had turned, the French having assisted the Aragonese to recover Zaragoza.

* 1799 – The entire Dutch fleet is captured by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the Second Coalition of the French Revolutionary Wars.

Joan was the only surviving child and heiress of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, and Marquis of Provence, so under Provençal and French law, the lands should have gone to her nearest male relative.

He was saved by the new sulphonamide drug, Sulphapyridine, known at the time under the research code M & B 693, discovered and produced by May & Baker Ltd, Dagenham, Essex – a subsidiary of the French group Rhône-Poulenc.

During the same period a movement with similar aims had also developed in France under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc a French architect and theorist, famous for his " restorations " of medieval buildings.

Famous victory marches around or under the Arc have included the Germans in 1871, the French in 1919, the Germans in 1940, and the French and Allies in 1944 and 1945.

* A list of French victories is engraved under the great arches on the inside façades of the monument.

In 1835 the French Academy sent Antoine on a scientific mission to Brazil, the results being published at a later date ( 1873 ) under the title of Observations relatives à la physique du globe faites au Bresil et en Ethiopie.

The first authoritative knowledge of the earliest ballroom dances was recorded toward the end of the 16th century, when Jehan Tabourot, under the pen name " Thoinot-Arbeau ", published in 1588 his Orchésographie, a study of late 16th-century French renaissance social dance.

In 1897, the shoal became a French possession, later being placed under the administration of a commissioner residing in Réunion in 1968.

A French reconnaissance under the Marquis de Silly went forward to probe the enemy, but were driven off by Allied troops who had deployed to cover the pioneers of the advancing army, labouring to bridge the numerous streams in the area and improve the passage leading westwards to Höchstädt.

In the woods to the left of Lutzingen, seven French battalions under the Marquis de Rozel moved into place.

Despite heavy casualties the Prussians attempted to storm the great battery, whilst the Danes, under Count Scholten, attempted to drive the French infantry out of the copses beyond the village.

As these elite French cavalry attacked, they were faced by five English squadrons under Colonel Francis Palmes.

In February 1705, Queen Anne, who had made Marlborough a Duke in 1702, granted him the Park of Woodstock and promised a sum of £ 240, 000 to build a suitable house as a gift from a grateful crown in recognition of his victory – a victory which British historian Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy considered one of the pivotal battles in history, writing – " Had it not been for Blenheim, all Europe might at this day suffer under the effect of French conquests resembling those of Alexander in extent and those of the Romans in durability.