The French Orientalist Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy, who had been discussing this work with Åkerblad, received in 1801 from Jean-Antoine Chaptal, French minister of the interior, one of the early lithographic prints of the Rosetta Stone, and realised that the middle text was in this same script.

Said was mainly concerned with literature in the widest sense, especially French literature, and did not cover visual art and Orientalist painting, though others, notably Linda Nochlin, have tried to extend his analysis to art, " with uneven results ".

French Orientalist painting was transformed by Napoleon's ultimately unsuccessful invasion of Egypt and Syria in 1798-1801, which stimulated great public interest in Egyptology, and was also recorded in subsequent years by Napoleon's court painters, especially Baron Gros, although the Middle Eastern campaign was not one on which he accompanied the army.

Delacroix followed up with Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi ( 1827 ), commemorating a siege of the previous year, and the Death of Sardanapalus, inspired by Lord Byron, which although set in antiquity has been credited with beginning the mixture of sex, violence, lassitude and exoticism which runs through much French Orientalist painting.

But Rana Kabbani believes that " French Orientalist painting, as exemplified by the works of Gérôme, may appear more sensual, gaudy, gory and sexually explicit than its British counterpart, but this is a difference of style not substance ...

* Benjamin, Roger Orientalist Aesthetics, Art, Colonialism and French North Africa: 1880-1930, U. of California Press, 2003

There are also recent signs of the reception of phenomenology ( and Heidegger's thought in particular ) within scholarly circles focused on studying the impetus of metaphysics in the history of ideas in Islam and Early Islamic philosophy ; perhaps under the indirect influence of the tradition of the French Orientalist and philosopher Henri Corbin.

The French Orientalist Évariste Lévi-Provençal on the other hand advocated Ibn Hayyān as the supreme Muslim historian of the era ( and the battle ).

* March 30 — David Léon Cahun, French Orientalist and writer ( born 1841 )

* Étienne Hubert ( Arabist ) ( 1567 – 1614 ), French physician, Orientalist and diplomat

Émile Jean-Horace Vernet ( 30 June 1789 – 17 January 1863 ) was a French painter of battles, portraits, and Orientalist Arab subjects.

Étienne Marc Quatremère ( July 12, 1782 – 1857 ) was a French Orientalist.

Eusèbe Renaudot ( July 20, 1646 – September 7, 1720 ) was a French theologian and Orientalist.

While still living in Mulhouse, he discovered the works of René Guénon, the French philosopher and Orientalist, which served to confirm his intellectual intuitions and which provided support for the metaphysical principles he had begun to discover.

Eugène-Melchior, vicomte de Vogüé ( 25 February 1848 – 29 March 1910 ) was a French diplomat, Orientalist, travel writer, archaeologist, philanthropist and literary critic.

* January 17-Horace Vernet, French painter of battles, portraits, and Orientalist Arab subjects ( b. 1789 )

Théodore Chassériau ( September 20, 1819 – October 8, 1856 ) was a French romantic painter noted for his portraits, historical and religious paintings, allegorical murals, and Orientalist images inspired by his travels to Algeria.

Charles Simon Clermont-Ganneau ( 19 February 1846 – 15 February 1923 ) was a noted French Orientalist and archaeologist.

* David Léon Cahun ( 1841 – 1900 ), a Jewish French traveler, Orientalist and writer

During the Victorian era, French Orientalist painters such as Jean-Léon Gérôme presented an idealized depiction of female toplessness in Muslim harem baths, while Eugène Delacroix, a French romantic artist, invoked images of liberty as a topless woman.

Herbert was in his own right a considerable Orientalist, and a linguist who spoke French, Italian, German, Turkish, Arabic, Greek and Albanian as well as English.

* Pierre Amédée Jaubert ( 1779-1847 ), French Orientalist and traveller

French composer and engineer Edgard Varèse created a variety of compositions using electronic horns, whistles, and tape.

** Edgard Varèse, French composer ( d. 1965 )

* Edgard de Larminat ( 1895 – 1962 ), French general

In this context the compositional method can be seen as a process of sound organisation: a term first used by the French composer Edgard Varèse.

* 1924 – Lloyd Hildebrand, French racing cyclist ( b. 1870 )

When this discovery was followed up in 1870, on the neighbouring Santorin ( Thera ), by representatives of the French School at Athens, much pottery of a class now known immediately to precede the typical late Aegean ware, and many stone and metal objects, were found.

The French government relocated from Paris to Bordeaux very briefly during World War II, when it became apparent that Paris would soon fall into German hands ( as in 1870 during war against Prussia and at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian war ).

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.

During the Franco-Prussian War, at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour in 1870, a Prussian cavalry brigade decisively smashed the centre of the French battle line, after skilfully concealing their approach.

* 1841 – Frédéric Bazille, French painter ( d. 1870 )

On hearing that the Dean of the faculty of medicine at the University of Sorbonne, Paris was in favour of admitting women as medical students, Elizabeth studied French so that she could apply for a medical degree, which she obtained in 1870.

Three wars led to military successes and helped to convince German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against the Second French Empire in 1870 – 71.

Albert took a leading part in the operations which preceded the battle of Sedan, the 4th army being the pivot on which the whole army wheeled round in pursuit of Mac-Mahon ; and the actions of Buzancy and Beaumont on 29 and 30 August 1870 were fought under his direction ; in the Battle of Sedan itself ( 1 September 1870 ), with the troops under his orders, Albert carried out the envelopment of the French on the east and north.

Jean Frédéric Bazille ( December 6, 1841 – November 28, 1870 ) was a French Impressionist painter.

Prior to the Gatling gun, the only weapons available to militaries capable of firing many projectiles in a short space of time were mass-firing volley weapons like the French Reffye mitrailleuse in 1870 – 71, or field cannons firing canister, much like a very large shotgun.

* 1870: Franco-Prussian War and the fall of the Second French Empire.

Henri Bordeaux ( 25 January 1870 in Thonon-les-Bains, Haute-Savoie-29 March 1963 ) was a French writer and lawyer.

Following Napoleon's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars France went through several further regime changes, being ruled as a monarchy, then briefly as a Second Republic, and then as a Second Empire, until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870.

Indeed, Emperor Louis Napoleon III surrendered himself and 100, 000 French troops to the German troops at Sedan on 1 – 2 September 1870.

Metz remained under siege until 27 October 1870, when 173, 000 French troops were located there finally surrendered.

The seemingly timeless world of the French peasantry swiftly changed from 1870 to 1914.

* Echard, William E. Historical Dictionary of the French Second Empire, 1852 – 1870 ( 1985 ) online edition

* 1870 – Edouard Le Roy, French philosopher and mathematician ( d. 1954 )

* 1805 – Jérôme Napoleon Bonaparte, French prince ( d. 1870 )

* 1802 – Alexandre Dumas, French writer ( d. 1870 )

During the Second French Empire, between 1852 and 1870, the French economy grew ; by 1870 the museum had added 20, 000 new pieces to its collections, and the Pavillon de Flore and the Grande Galérie were remodelled under architects Louis Visconti and Hector Lefuel.