I know that the GIA has been infiltrated and manipulated by the Government.

He has published three instructional books, " The Inner Game of Music " ( Doubleday, 1986-over 250, 000 copies sold ) and " The Mastery of Music: Ten Pathways to True Artistry " ( Broadway Books 2003 ) and ' Bringing Music to Life ' ( 2009 GIA Music ).

He has published a DVD on The Inner Game of Music ( U. of Wisconsin-Clinics on cassette ) and Bringing Music to Life ( 2009 GIA Music ).

In the case of organizations such as the GIA ( as mentioned above ), it has been used to legitimize attacks on any Muslim who is not actively fighting against their governments.

Since the 1930s, GIA has made numerous breakthroughs in the understanding of gems.

GIA has several competitors in providing diamond grading reports and gemology training:

The plane, hijacked by four GIA terrorists that wished to destroy the Eiffel Tower, had been completely mined, and three passengers had been executed during the negotiations with the Algerian government.

) Fouad Boulemia, a leading GIA member, was sentenced to death on August 1, 2004 ( for the second time ; he had also been found guilty of killing FIS leader Abdelkader Hachani ) for involvement in the massacre .< ref >.< 1 -- The link still works, but it points to an empty page, so its as good as dead --> The local GIA leader, Laazraoui, was shot dead in October 1997, as another GIA member, Rachid " Djeha " Ould Hamrane, had been earlier ; the latter's sister, Nacira, was imprisoned, and was quoted by Le Matin as saying that " At Bentalha, they cut the throats, I collected jewellery from the corpses ," adding that " To save the families of the ' terrorists ,' I pointed out the homes of sympathizers who should not be massacred.

Most notably, one survivor, Nesroullah Yous, eventually emigrated to France, where he published a book, Qui a tué à Bentalha ?, recounting his own experience and arguing that the GIA had been infiltrated and taken over by the Algerian government, possibly following the Tazoult prison escape.

The massacres were attributed to the GIA, and had been preceded some days before by the Wilaya of Relizane massacres of 30 December 1997.

GIA efforts to take revenge on him for his desertion have been advanced as a possible motive for the Si-Zerrouk massacre ( July 1997 ), the Djiboulo massacre ( December 1997 ), and the Larbaa market bombing ( July 2002 ) around Larbaa.

* 1997 – At least 98 villagers are killed by the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria GIA in the Rais massacre, Algeria.

Diamonds are graded using a system developed by the Gemological Institute of America ( GIA ) in the early 1950s.

Important leaders of the GIA in France fell afterward: Khaled Kelkal was killed in Lyon by the EPIGN and Rachid Ramda was arrested in London although it took ten years for the French justice to have him extradited.

As Islamists took up arms to overthrow the regime, the FIS's leaders were arrested and it became overshadowed by Islamist guerilla groups particularly the Islamic Salvation Army, MIA and Armed Islamic Group ( or GIA ).

The correct definition of a South Sea pearl – as described by CIBJO and GIA – is a pearl produced by the Pinctada maxima pearl oyster.

In late 1999, several GIA members were convicted by a French court for the 1995 bombing campaign.

International security analyst Nafeez Ahmed claims GIA atrocities were in fact perpetrated by the state.

GIA terrorism was ‘ orchestrated ’ by ‘ Mohammed Mediane, head of the Algerian secret service ’, and ‘ General Smain Lamari ’, head of ‘ the counter intelligence agency ’.

The Brotherhood condemned the coup, but refused to join the resulting violent uprising by FIS sympathizers and the Armed Islamic Groups ( GIA ) against the Algerian state and military.

There, he was probably recruited by one of the radical branches of the GIA, headed by Djamel Zitouni, whose aim was to " punish France.

Sahraoui was considered too moderate by the GIA, and might have attempted to steal money from them.

The 1995 bombings in France were carried out by the Armed Islamic Group ( GIA ), who were broadening the Algerian Civil War to France.

( Laazraoui, spelled as Al-Azraoui, is identified by Yous as the local GIA emir from 1995 to 1997, although he claims that none of the survivors recognized Azraoui's men among their attackers.

Responsibility was claimed for this, as for the Bentalha massacre, by the Armed Islamic Group ( GIA ).

La Tribune ( 21 September ) is quoted as claiming that the massacre was committed by the AIS to punish the village for supporting the GIA.

He claims ‘ Yussuf-Joseph ’, a career secret agent in Algeria ’ s sécurité militaire for 14 years, defected to Britain in 1997 and told the Guardian that civilian massacres in Algeria, blamed on the GIA, were ‘ the work of secret police and army death squads … not Islamic extremists ’.

The GIA adopted violent tactics in 1992 after the military government voided the victory of the Islamic Salvation Front, the largest Islamic opposition party, in the first round of legislative elections held in December 1991.

During the civil war, which began in 1992, the Islamist Armed Islamic Group ( GIA ) added his name to a hitlist of artists and intellectuals.

He joined the most radical of the Islamist guerrilla movements, the Armed Islamic Group ( GIA ), after the cancellation of the 1992 elections.

According to Ahmed ' Joseph ' says: ‘ The GIA is a pure product of Smain ’ s secret service.

The hijacking was a failure for the terrorist group, known as the GIA after an intervention from the GIGN in Marseille, where the plane was grounded.

Antar Zouabri alias “ Abou Talha Antar ” or “ Abou Talha ″ ( May 10, 1970, Boufarik, Blida Province-February 8, 2002 ) was the leader of the Armed Islamic Group ( GIA ), a neo-Khawarij Islamist group in Algeria, between 1996 and 2002.

In 1996, in Roubaix, the unit neutralized a 14-terrorists group tied to the GIA, suspected of several bloody bank robberies, murders and a missed attack against a G7 meeting in Lille.

No group claimed responsibility, but militant Islamist groups such as the GIA were blamed.

A splinter group of the GIA, the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat ( GSPC ), initially based on the fringes of Kabylie, formed in 1998 to dissociate itself from the massacres.

* Bell, John L., ( 2000 ) The Singing Thing: A Case for Congregational Song, GIA Publications, ISBN 1-57999-100-9

* September 23-George W. Bush ’ s Executive Order 13224 freezes assets of the GIA and GSPC as terrorist groups.

The Richard T. Liddicoat Gemological Library and Information Center, located at GIA ’ s headquarters in Carlsbad, California, is the premier resource for gemological knowledge.

Darkfield illumination, a lighting technique that makes gem inclusions easily visible in the microscope, was patented later that decade by Robert M. Shipley, Jr., the son of GIA ’ s founder and an important figure in gemological instrumentation.

In addition to basic jeweler ’ s tools such as loupes, tweezers, and gem cloths, the GIA Instruments product catalog includes sophisticated instruments ranging from microscopes to spectroscopes.