The Second French Empire, his Western European model, had been defeated in the Franco-Prussian War by the North German Confederation under the leadership of the Kingdom of Prussia.

With the dissolution of the German Confederation in 1866 and the founding of the German Empire ( Deutsches Reich ) in 1871, the Reichstag was established as the German parliament in Berlin.

The German Confederation or German Union ( Deutscher Bund ) was a loose confederation of thirty-five monarchical states and four republican ( but hardly democratic ) free cities, with a Federal Assembly in Frankfurt.

After the March Revolution of 1848, the German Confederation handed over its authority to the Frankfurt Parliament, and Eastern Prussia joined the Confederation.

During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later.

During these operations the Crown Prince won the reputation of a thorough soldier ; after peace was made and Saxony had entered the North German Confederation, he gained the command of the Saxon army, which had now become the XII army corps of the North German army, and in this position carried out the necessary re-organisation.

He also served as the first president of the German Confederation following its establishment in 1815.

The German Confederation, a loose association of Central European states was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to organize the surviving states of the Holy Roman Empire.

After 1806 he used the titles: " We, Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria ; King of Jerusalem, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia and Lodomeria ; Archduke of Austria ; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Würzburg, Franconia, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola ; Grand Duke of Cracow ; Grand Prince of Transylvania ; Margrave of Moravia ; Duke of Sandomir, Masovia, Lublin, Upper and Lower Silesia, Auschwitz and Zator, Teschen and Friule ; Prince of Berchtesgaden and Mergentheim ; Princely Count of Habsburg, Gorizia and Gradisca and of the Tirol ; and Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria ", President of the German Confederation.

The German Confederation was created by an act of the Congress of Vienna on 8 June 1815 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, after being alluded to in Article 6 of the 1814 Treaty of Paris.

The German Confederation ended as a result of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 between the constituent Confederation entities of the Austrian Empire and its allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia and its allies on the other.

The war resulted in the Confederation being partially replaced by a North German Confederation in 1867 which included Prussia but excluded Austria and the South German states.

During November 1870 the four southern states joined the North German Confederation by treaty.

On 10 December 1870 the North German Confederation Reichstag renamed the Confederation as the German Empire and gave the title of German Emperor to the King of Prussia as President of the Confederation.

All Quiet on the Western Front () is a novel by Erich Maria Remarque, a German veteran of World War I.

Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny () is a political-satirical opera composed by Kurt Weill to a German libretto by Bertolt Brecht.

The name " alkaloids " () was introduced in 1819 by the German chemist Carl F. W.

() is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, about east of Stuttgart and north of Ulm.

The House of Ascania () was a dynasty of German rulers.

Most of the population () speaks German ( 84. 5 %), with Italian being second most common ( 3. 3 %) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 2. 9 %).

Most of the population () speaks German ( 477, 093 or 87. 1 %) as their first language, Italian is the second most common ( 17, 847 or 3. 3 %) and Serbo-Croatian is the third ( 10, 645 or 1. 9 %).

Most of the population () speaks German ( 129, 592 or 77. 8 %), with Italian being second most common ( 9, 049 or 5. 4 %) and French being third ( 4, 280 or 2. 6 %).

The term " ecology " () is of a more recent origin and was first coined by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel in his book Generelle Morphologie der Organismen ( 1866 ).

Freikorps () are German volunteer military or paramilitary units.

The Day of German Unity () is the national day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday.

Alliance ' 90 / The Greens () is a green political party in Germany, formed from the merger of the German Green Party ( founded in West Germany in 1980 ) and Alliance 90 ( founded during the Revolution of 1989 – 1990 in East Germany ) in 1993.

Most Wurst is still made by German sausage butchers () with natural casings derived from pork, sheep or lamb intestine.

The German Empire () is the common name given to the state officially named the ( literally: " German Realm "), designating Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.

The Marine () is the navy of Germany and is part of the unified Bundeswehr ( the German Armed Forces ).

The German Confederation () was the loose association of 39 states created in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries.

The monastic state of the Teutonic Order () and its later German successor states of Prussia however never were part of the Holy Roman Empire.

The Charter of the German Expellees () of August 5, 1950, announced their belief in requiring that " the right to the homeland is recognized and carried out as one of the fundamental rights of mankind given by God ", while renouncing revenge and retaliation in the face of the " unending suffering " ( unendliche Leid ) of the previous decade, and supporting the unified effort to rebuild Germany and Europe.

Hedwig () is a German female given name.

Heckler & Koch GmbH ( HK ) () is a German defense manufacturing company that produces various small arms.

Karl Bernhardovic Radek () ( 31 October 1885 – 19 May 1939 ) was a socialist active in the Polish and German movements before World War I and an international Communist leader after the Russian Revolution.

He was disturbed by what had happened on the dive and by what he remembered of a conversation he had had the night before with the German, who had come out of the head while he was fixing himself a drink in the galley.

On his father's side he was of German descent, on his mother's he came of the old Swedish nobility.

At Stettin the university-educated artist, who had studied German, was chosen to serve as interpreter and clerk in the office of the Stalag commander.

He dabbled in verse, could get along well among most of the European languages, and was fluent in French and German.

His Italian journey was a poet's version of those perennial thrusts across the Alps of the German emperors of the Middle Ages.

A professor at the University of Constantinople, where his first course of lectures was on Nietzsche and the `` philosophy of action '', Vincent Berger becomes head of the propaganda department of the German Embassy in Turkey.

As an Alsatian before the first World War he was of course of German nationality ; ;

As was to be expected Kennedy's latest speech was greeted with enthusiasm by revenge-seeking circles in Bonn, where officials of the West German government praised it ''.

The weekly loss is partly counterbalanced by 500 arrivals each week from West Germany, but the hard truth, says Crossman, is that `` The closing off of East Berlin without interference from the West and with the use only of East German, as distinct from Russian, troops was a major Communist victory, which dealt West Berlin a deadly, possibly a fatal, blow.

Other brothers later joined them for instruction with Oldenburg, the wigmaker, and also arithmetic was added to Bible reading, German, and Danish in the informal curriculum.

In Berlin he published his views of the chemical laws of nature in German and this was issued in French translation ( Paris, 1813 ) under the title Recherches Sur l'identite Des Forces chimiques et electriques, a work held in very high esteem by the new generation of research chemists.

The moving of millions of the German master-race, from the very heart of Junkerdom, to make room for the Polish Slavs whom they had enslaved and openly planned to exterminate was a drastic operation, but there was little doubt that it was historically justified.

The injured German veteran was a former miner, twenty-four years old, who had been wounded by shrapnel in the back of the head.

It was getting on toward 7 o'clock and the German Me-210 plane had been and gone on its eighth straight visit.

He was almost positive it was not Assyrian nor Cassite, and imagined it must have been German or English.

The infamous Wansee Conference called by Heydrich in January 1942, to organize the material and technical means to put to death the eleven million Jews spread throughout the nations of Europe, was attended by representatives of major organs of the German state, including the Reich Minister of the Interior, the State Secretary in charge of the Four Year Plan, the Reich Minister of Justice, the Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs.

In other words, the promulgators of the murder plan made clear that physically exterminating the Jews was but an extension of the anti-Semitic measures already operating in every phase of German life, and that the new conspiracy counted on the general anti-Semitism that had made those measures effective, as a readiness for murder.

The trial will be held, probably the first week of March, in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs, the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s, was sentenced to 14 years in prison.

Seventeen years ago today, German scientist Willy Fiedler climbed into a makeshift cockpit installed in a V-1 rocket-bomb that was attached to the underbelly of a Heinkel bomber.

Last week, in the German city of Dusseldorf, G. David Thompson was making headlines that could well give Pittsburgh pause.