The word Angst has existed since the 8th century, from the Proto-Indo-European root * anghu -, " restraint " from which Old High German angust developed.

The Aar ( German Aare ), a tributary of the High Rhine, is the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.

The German spoken today over the range of the former Alemanni is termed Alemannic German, and is recognised among the subgroups of the High German languages.

Alemannic runic inscriptions such as those on the Pforzen buckle are among the earliest testimonies of Old High German.

The High German consonant shift is thought to have originated around the 5th century either in Alemannia or among the Lombards ; before that the dialect spoken by Alemannic tribes was little different from that of other West Germanic peoples.

Aachen is at the western end of the Benrath line that divides High German to the south from the rest of the West Germanic speech area to the north.

The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word * anguz meaning " narrow " ( modern High German " eng ") or " angular " ( of the shape of the Jutland peninsula ).

The Suebian language developed into Old High German, while the Angles and Jutes were among the speakers of Old Saxon.

* 1945 – World War II: Soviet Union forces south of Berlin at Zossen attack the German High Command headquarters.

The first known use of the word ball in English in the sense of a globular body that is played with was in 1205 in in the phrase, "" The word came from the Middle English bal ( inflected as ball-e ,-es, in turn from Old Norse böllr ( pronounced ; compare Old Swedish baller, and Swedish boll ) from Proto-Germanic ballu-z, ( whence probably Middle High German bal, ball-es, Middle Dutch bal ), a cognate with Old High German ballo, pallo, Middle High German balle from Proto-Germanic * ballon ( weak masculine ), and Old High German ballâ, pallâ, Middle High German balle, Proto-Germanic * ballôn ( weak feminine ).

When the German motorized forces were met with a counterattack at Arras, British tanks with heavy armour ( Matilda I & IIs ) created a brief panic in the German High Command.

In the latter part of the war, Germany was practically a military dictatorship, with the Supreme High Command ( German: OHL, " Oberste Heeresleitung ") and General Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg as commander-in-chief advising the Kaiser.

At the British Bomber Command, Dyson and colleagues proposed ripping out two gun turrets from the RAF Lancaster bombers, to cut the catastrophic losses to German fighters in the Battle of Berlin.

He reported to the German High Command that his three German divisions numbered just 1, 200 – 1, 500 men each and resupply was proving highly problematic because of enemy interference from the air.

These groups — the Nazi party and government leadership, the German General Staff and High Command ( OKW ); the Sturmabteilung ( SA ); the Schutzstaffel ( SS ), including the Sicherheitsdienst ( SD ); and the Gestapo — had an aggregate membership exceeding two million, making a large number of their members liable to trial if the organisations were convicted.

In 1899, the Imperial Naval High Command was replaced by the German Imperial Admiralty Staff ( Admiralstab ) responsible for planning, the training of officers, and naval intelligence.

Meanwhile, the Luftwaffe continued to defend German – occupied Europe against the growing offensive power of RAF Bomber Command and the United States Army Air Forces.

Inevitably, both the Bomber B and Amerika Bomber programs were victims of the continued emphasis of the Wehrmacht's insistence for the Luftwaffe to support the Army as its primary mission, as well as the increasingly devastating results of the RAF Bomber Command at night, and by 1943 the USAAF's Eighth and Fifteenth Air Forces ' heavy bomber raids by daylight on the German aviation industry, which catastrophically diminished the Third Reich's overall aviation production capacity later in World War II.

* 1942 – The Bombing of Lübeck in World War II is the first major success for the RAF Bomber Command against Germany and a German city.

The German Army High Command (, OKH ) originally planned an invasion on a vast scale, extending from Dorset to Kent.

On 18 December, Hitler signed War Directive No. 21 to the German High Command for an operation now codenamed " Operation Barbarossa " stating: " The German Wehrmacht must be prepared to crush Soviet Russia in a quick campaign.

However, Bethmann-Hollweg was forced to resign and the German High Command, hoping for a military victory, delayed the German reply until 20 September.

The forces at the disposal of the German Command may never be accurately known.

However, Ultra also encompassed decrypts of the German Lorenz SZ 40 / 42 machines that were used by the German High Command, and the Hagelin machine and other Italian and Japanese ciphers and codes such as PURPLE and JN-25.

During planning for the Normandy beach invasion, it was decided that it was vitally important that the German High Command be misled that the landing would happen at the Pas de Calais.

On 9 June ( 3 days after D-day ), sent a message to German High Command that reached Adolf Hitler saying that he had conferred with his agents and developed an order of battle showing 75 divisions in England – in reality, there were only about 50.

The world is stunned by the rapidity of the German advance and the Polish High Command is effectively isolated, but lack of infantry support and effective civilian resistance cause Hoeppner to halt outside the city itself.

Eisenhower used Patton's " furlough " as a trick to mislead the Germans as to where the next attack would be, since Patton was the general that the German High Command believed would lead the attack.

Lewin ( 2001 ) reports that "... consumption of fresh, warm camel feces has been recommended by Bedouins as a remedy for bacterial dysentery ; its efficacy ( probably attributable to the antibiotic subtilisin from Bacillus subtilis ) was confirmed by German soldiers in Africa during World War II ".

He noted that the German society was " far more scientific, far more interested in life histories and breeding bird species, as well as in reports on recent literature.

The German Karl Adolph von Basedow also independently reported the same constellation of symptoms in 1840, while earlier reports of the disease were also published by the Italians Giuseppe Flajani and Antonio Giuseppe Testa, in 1802 and 1810 respectively, and by the English physician Caleb Hillier Parry ( a friend of Edward Jenner ) in the late 18th century.

Although the Australian Official History of 24th Brigade's 2 / 32 battalion describes the counterattack force as " German ", the Australian historian Mark Johnston reports that German records indicate that it was the Trento Division that overran the Australian battalion.

Shortly afterwards, false reports spread in mid-March 1939 by the Romanian minister in London, Virgil Tilea, that his country was on the verge of an immediate German attack, led to a dramatic U-turn in British policy of resisting commitments in Eastern Europe.

* Politicians who favored the United States entering World War II on the German side asserted that the international media were controlled by Jews, and that reports of German mistreatment of Jews were biased and without foundation.

Another traveler, the German pharmacist Reinhold Lubenau, was in Constantinople in November 1588 and reports on a Greek wedding in these terms:

Der Spiegel said it obtained secret reports by authorities, embassy cables, and minutes of cabinet meetings that demonstrate the lack of professionalism of the German officials in handling the massacre.

Although Pius XII received frequent reports about atrocities committed by and / or against Catholics, his knowledge was incomplete ; for example, he wept after the war on learning that Cardinal Hlond had banned German liturgical services in Poland.

The only pictures of SMGs used in combat and reports of captured SMGs refer to MP18 captured in France after the German Spring Offensive.

", i. e. killed ), as it was often quoted throughout the 1920s in mass media reports regarding violent acts of vengeance among the German Right.

German intelligence used the agent reports to construct an order of battle for the Allied forces that placed the centre of gravity of the invasion force opposite Pas de Calais, the point on the French coast closest to England and therefore a likely invasion site.

However, early battle reports of insignia on Allied units that the German armies encountered only confirmed the information the double agents had sent, increasing the Germans ' trust in their network.

A German message to Madrid sent two days later said " all reports received in the last week from German code-name undertaking < nowiki >< nowiki ></ nowiki > have been confirmed without exception and are to be described as exceptionally valuable.

" A post-war examination of German records found that during Operation Fortitude no fewer than sixty-two of Pujol's reports were included in German military high command intelligence summaries.

The German public also became fascinated with reports of homicides, especially " lust murders " or Lustmord.

In his report of the Falangist attack on Guernica, British journalist George Steer reports finding German bomb casings, connecting Luftwaffe planes with the attack.

Although it has been argued that the Abbey was being used as a refuge from the battle by the women and children and was occupied by German troops only after the bombing, many reports from troops on the ground suggest that in fact Germans were occupying the monastery, and it was considered a key observational post by all those who were fighting in the field.

False reports reached the German princes that the hostilities against the Huguenots in France had ceased and no embassy was sent to the court of France.

In 1791 Archenholz lived in France with his family, publishing German language reports about the French Revolution in his journal Minerva.