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Golden and Bull
He was obliged to issue the Golden Bull confirming the privileges of the noblemen of Hungary and later he was also obliged to confirm the special privileges of the clergy.
In the beginning of 1222, the discontent serviens ( nobles ) came to Andrew's court in large numbers, and they persuaded the king to issue the Golden Bull which confirmed their privileges, including the right to disobey the King if he acted not in line with the provisions of the Golden Bull ( ius resistendi ).
Finally, Andrew was obliged to confirm the Golden Bull and supplement it with a provision that prohibited the employment of non-Christians and also authorized the Archbishop of Esztergom to punish the king in case he ignored his promise.
In 1222, Hungarian King Andrew II issued the Golden Bull of 1222.
He obtained a charter by Emperor Frederick II issued in the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, whereby Chełmno Land would be the unshared possession of the Teutonic Knights, which was confirmed by Duke Konrad of Masovia in the 1230 Treaty of Kruszwica.
There were several of them because, according to the Golden Bull of 1356, each Holy Roman Emperor had to hold his first diet in Nuremberg after his election.
The Golden Bull of 1356 stipulated that in future the emperor was to be chosen by four secular electors and three spiritual electors.
In 1212, King Přemysl Otakar I ( bearing the title " king " since 1198 ) extracted a Golden Bull of Sicily ( a formal edict ) from the emperor Frederick II., confirming the royal title for Otakar and his descendants and the Duchy of Bohemia was raised to a kingdom.
The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed college of Prince-electors ( Kurfürsten ), whose composition and procedures were set forth in the Golden Bull of 1356.
Although some procedures and institutions had been fixed, for example by the Golden Bull of 1356, the rules of how the king, the electors, and the other dukes should cooperate in the Empire much depended on the personality of the respective king.
By the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, Frederick had assigned the military order of the Teutonic Knights to complete the conquest and conversion of the Prussian lands.
The Golden Bull of 1356 finally resolved the disputes among the electors.
The Golden Bull recognised certain additional rights belonging to the electors.
Each vicar, in the words of the Golden Bull, was " the administrator of the empire itself, with the power of passing judgments, of presenting to ecclesiastical benefices, of collecting returns and revenues and investing with fiefs, of receiving oaths of fealty for and in the name of the holy empire ".
Under the Golden Bull, a majority of electors sufficed to elect a king, and each elector could cast only one vote.
The agreement was formalised in the Bulla Aurea, or Golden Bull.
* Golden Bull, Hungary, 1222
As a result of the 14th century imperial reform of the Holy Roman Empire ( Golden Bull of 1356 ), the Landgraviates lost much of their power, and the Freigerichte disappeared, with the exception of Westphalia, where they retained their authority and transformed into the Vehmic court.
The Order waited until they received official authorisation by the empire, which Emperor Frederick II granted by issuing the Golden Bull of Rimini.
The grant was confirmed by the papal Golden Bull of Rieti from Pope Gregory IX in 1234, although Konrad of Masovia never recognized the rights of the Order to rule Prussia.
* 1222 — Andrew II of Hungary signs the Golden Bull which affirms the privileges of Hungarian nobility.

Golden and 1356
1356 Charles IV issued his Golden Bull-regulating the election of Holy Roman Emperors.
With the Golden Bull of 1356, Louis was invested with the electoral dignity.
Its rulers served as prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire from " time immemorial ", were noted as such in a papal letter of 1261, and were confirmed as electors by the Golden Bull of 1356.
In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was recognized as one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of archsteward (, ) of the Empire and imperial vicar ( Reichsverweser ) of Franconia, Swabia, the Rhine, and southern Germany.
The Golden Bull of 1356
On his return, Charles was occupied with the administration of the Empire, then just recovering from the Black Death, and in 1356 he promulgated the famous Golden Bull to regulate the election of the king.
He promulgated the Golden Bull of 1356 whereby the succession to the imperial title was laid down, which held for the next four centuries.
The Electoral council was set at seven princes ( three archbishops and four secular princes ) by the Golden Bull of 1356.
Emperor Charles IV by the Golden Bull of 1356 confirmed the privileged status of the Prince-Archbishoprics of Mainz, Cologne and Trier as members of the electoral college.
Emperor Charles IV in 1354 and 1356 held diets in Metz, at the latter of which was promulgated the Golden Bull decree of 1356, fixing important constitutional aspects of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Bishop of Warmia had claimed the title of an Imperial Prince-Bishopric status, as mentioned in the Golden Bull of 1356 by Emperor Charles IV.
Under the terms of the Golden Bull of 1356, Frederick's closest male relative would serve as his guardian and as regent of Electoral Palatinate until Frederick reached the age of majority.
A unique case was the Golden Bull of 1356 ( issued by Charles IV, the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia ), recognizing the Margrave of Brandenburg as an elector of the Holy Roman Empire, membership of the highest college within the Imperial diet carrying the politically significant privilege of being the sole electors of the non-hereditary Emperor, which was previously de facto restricted to dukes and three prince-archbishops ( Cologne, Mainz and Trier ); other non-ducal lay members would be the King of Bohemia and the Palatine of the Rhenish Electorate of the Palatinate.
The Golden Bull of 1356 issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV
* The Golden Bull of 1356 is probably the most famous golden bull, being a decree issued by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.
* Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV's Golden Bull of 1356
* Kurfürst ( Prince-Elector ) is a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire with a vote in the election of a Holy Roman Emperor, designated by the Golden Bull of 1356.

Golden and was
`` Uncle Sam '' was, indeed, a rich uncle to Prokofieff, in those opulent, post-war victory years of peace and prosperity, bold speculations and extravaganzas, enjoyment and pleasure: `` The Golden Twenties ''.
Among stage performances was a starring role in `` Golden Arrow '' directed by Noel Coward.
Enrique Jorda, conductor and musical director of the San Francisco Symphony, will fulfill two more guest conducting engagements in Europe before returning home to open the symphony's Golden Anniversary season, it was announced.
Although it was only three o'clock, he stopped in at the Golden Calf.
The Golden Calf was dimly lit with shaded neon.
This proved conclusively that The Wrangler was a jinx, so he walked on down to Hurrays, an even more glorified gambling den than the Golden Calf.
The Golden Bough was abridged drastically in subsequent editions after his first.
It was one of the most popular and influential games of the Golden Age of Arcade Games, selling 70, 000 arcade cabinets.
Rashomon, which premiered in Tokyo in August 1950, and which also starred Mifune, became, on September 10, 1951, the surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival and was subsequently released in Europe and North America.
Alfred Elton van Vogt ( April 26, 1912 – January 26, 2000 ) was a Canadian-born science fiction author regarded as one of the most popular and complex science fiction writers of the mid-twentieth century: the " Golden Age " of the genre.
It was the cover story of the issue of Astounding that is sometimes described as having ushered in the " Golden Age " of science fiction.
It was during the prolonged absence of Moses that Aaron yielded to the clamors of the people, and made a Golden Calf as a visible image of the divinity who had delivered them from Egypt ( Exodus 32: 1-6 ).
Even though this period-known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period-in its latter part was fraught with chaos and bloody battles, it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because a broad range of thoughts and ideas were developed and discussed freely.
He was the 996th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Spain, the 104th Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword in 1861 and the 775th Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1881.
She was reportedly one of several wives of Uzbeg Khan of the Golden Horde.
Immediately after, he received several marks of distinction: he was made President of the Accademia di San Luca, the main artistic institution in Rome, and by the hand of the Pope himself his name was inscribed in " the Golden Volume of the Capitol ", and he received the title of Marquis of Ischia, with an annual pension of 3000 crowns.
The Islamic Golden Age was inaugurated by the middle of the 8th century by the ascension of the Abbasid Caliphate and the transfer of the capital from Damascus to the newly founded city Baghdad.
Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder ( 18 January 1573 – 1621 ) was a still life painter of the Dutch Golden Age.
Aelbert Jacobsz Cuyp ( October 20, 1620 – November 15, 1691 ) was one of the leading Dutch landscape painters of the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century.
He was the 831st Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria.
In the Golden Age of the American comic strip, successful cartoonists received a great deal of attention ; their professional and private lives were reported in the press, and their celebrity was often nearly sufficient to rival their creations.

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