San Marino was a refuge for over civilians who sought safety on the passing of Allied forces over the Gothic Line during the Battle of Rimini, an enormous effort of relief by the inhabitants of a country that at that time counted only 15, 000 people.

** On the middle front of the Gothic Line, Brazilian troops control the Serchio valley region after 10 days of fighting.

" War supplies from Germany to support the Gothic Line were for the most part routed through the rail line through the Brenner pass.

During World War II, in July 1944, the city was taken by the Polish II Corps as part of an Allied operation to gain access to a seaport closer to the Gothic Line in order to shorten their lines of communication for the advance into northern Italy.

During World War II the city was torn apart by heavy bombardments and by the passage of the front over the Gothic Line during the Battle of Rimini and was eventually captured by Greek and Canadian forces.

During World War II Cesena was near the Gothic Line, which ran along the Appennini near the city, and suffered heavily from bombing.

As a result, the forces of the German Tenth Army at Cassino were able to withdraw and rejoin the rest of Kesselring's forces north of Rome, regroup and make a fighting withdrawal to his next major prepared defensive position on the Gothic Line.

What is clear is that because of Clark's change of plan, Operation Diadem ( during which U. S. 5th and British 8th Armies sustained 44, 000 casualties ) failed in its objective of destroying the German 10th Army and condemned the Allies to a further year of brutal combat notably around the Gothic Line from August 1944 to May 1945.

* Gothic Line

For the assault of the German Gothic Line, II Corps consisted of the 34th, 88th and 91st Infantry Divisions.

In 1944 the bridges over the Po became vital for the supply from Austria of Field Marshal Albert Kesselring's Gothic Line, which protected the withdrawal of Kesselring's troops from Italy.

He wanted to conduct a small offensive along the Gothic Line against the Allies, with his new RSI Divisions: on December 1944 the Alpine Division " Monte Rosa " with some German battalions fought the Battle of Garfagnana with some success.

Germany made a fighting withdrawal to the Gothic Line north of Florence.

As a result, he failed to exploit the gap in the German positions that had opened up following the capture of Monte Cassino, allowing a substantial number of German units to escape and reinforce what became the Gothic Line.

* The Second World War: Mont Pinçon, Souleuvre, Noireau Crossing, Amiens 1944, Brussels, Neerpelt, Nederrijn, Nijmegen, Lingen, Bentheim, North-West Europe 1944-45, Baghdad 1941, Iraq 1941, Palmyra, Syria 1941, El Alamein, North Africa 1942-43, Arezzo, Advance to Florence, Gothic Line, Italy 1944

Defence of Arras, Djebel el Rhorab, Boulogne 1940, Tunis, St Omer-La-Bassee, Hammam Lif, Bourguebus Ridge, North Africa 1943, Cagny, Monte Ornito, Mont Pincon, Liri Valley, Brussels, Monte Piccolo, Hechtel, Capture of Perugia, Nederrijn, Arezzo, Lingen, Advance to Florence, Rhineland, Gothic Line, North West Europe 1940 and 1944 – 1945, Battaglia, Fondouk, Italy 1944 – 1945

The 5th Armoured took part in the Italian Campaign until the end of 1944 seeing notable action on the Hitler Line after the Allied breakthrough at Cassino in May 1944 and also during Operation Olive on the Gothic Line in August 1944.

The division saw further action on the Gothic Line in Italy in 1944 and took part in the Allied 1945 Spring offensive which led to the surrender of German forces in Italy in May.

In the autumn of 1944 the division fought as part of I Canadian Corps during Operation Olive, the offensive on the Gothic Line.

** Italy: Landing in Sicily, Sicily 1943 Anzio, Carroceto, Rome, Advance to Tiber, Gothic Line, Marradi, Italy 1943 and Italy 1944-45,

The entry for the Gothic Line order of battle provides the overall order of battle for the Allied and German armies in Italy.

After having suffered its first reverses around Barga city, and after the arrival of the 1st RCT at the end of October, the BEF was directed to the base of the Apennines where it would spend the next months facing the harsh winter and the resistance of the Gothic Line.

In the period from June to August 1944, the Allies advanced beyond Rome, taking Florence and closing up on the Gothic Line.

During Operation Olive, the major Allied offensive in the autumn of 1944, which commenced on 25 August, the Gothic Line defences were penetrated on both the Eighth Army and Fifth Army fronts ; but, there was no decisive breakthrough.

Ermanaric (; ; ; ; died 376 ) was a Greuthungian Gothic King who before the Hunnic invasion evidently ruled an enormous area north of the Black Sea.

Königsberg Cathedral (; ) is a Brick Gothic style church in Kaliningrad ( formerly Königsberg ) on an island in the Pregel ( Pregolya ).

Gothic typefaces (; Japanese: goshikku-tai ; Korean: dotum, godik-che ) are a type style characterised by strokes of even thickness, reduced curves, and lack of decorations, akin to sans serif styles in Western typography.

* Fortified Church (; )-constructed in the 14th century in the Gothic style

Karlštejn Castle (; ) is a large Gothic castle founded 1348 AD by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor-elect and King of Bohemia.

Trefoil is a term in Gothic architecture given to the ornamental foliation or cusping introduced in the heads of window-lights, tracery, panellings, etc., in which the center takes the form of a three-lobed leaf ( formed from three partially overlapping circles ).

It was Desaguliers who inscribed the dedication to Anderson's Constitutions, headed the committee which directed and approved them, and supplied the " Gothic Constitutions " from which they were formed.

South Africa's first Gothic rock band was No Friends of Harry, formed in the mid-1980s.

The frontage of the station is formed by the former Midland Grand Hotel, designed by George Gilbert Scott, an impressive example of Victorian Gothic architecture, now occupied by the five-star Renaissance London Hotel and apartments.

One was formed by the Arian Christian majority, the " Gothic party ", led by Eriulf and opposed to the assimilation of the Goths in the Roman culture.

In 1829, Town formed one of the first professional architectural firms in the United States with Alexander Jackson Davis, together producing notable buildings in a range of new Revival styles, including Greek, Gothic, Tuscan, and Egyptian.

London After Midnight formed in Los Angeles, California during 1988, and played at several clubs in the area, debuting live at premier Los Angeles Gothic rock club, Helter Skelter.

The interior walls of the main galleries were constructed of plaster on metal lathe, formed to resemble the stone Gothic arches of a medieval castle.

The interior has aisle arcades formed by polished granite columns on high octagonal sandstone bases with French Gothic capitals supporting pointed arches beneath the clerestory windows and the high scissor braced roof trusses.

One character, in a manner reminiscent of Austen's much earlier novel Northanger Abbey, has read so many Gothic novels that he has convinced himself " that he was formed to be a dangerous Man.

Round its top run balustrades formed of Gothic letters, which read as part of the Magnificat.

* Class I verbs were formed with a suffix-j-(- i-in the past ), e. g. Gothic satjan " to set " ( Old English settan ), sandjan " to send " ( Old English sendan ), sōkjan " to seek " ( Old English sēcan ).

* Class II verbs were formed with a suffix-ō-( extended to-ōja-in the Ingvaeonic languages ), e. g. Gothic salbōn " to anoint ", Old English sealfian < * salbōjan, cf.

* Class IV verbs were formed with a suffix-n-(- nō-in the past ), e. g. Gothic fullnan " to become full ", past tense ik fullnōda.

In the 3rd century AD, the Wielbark culture spread into Scythia, where it formed the Gothic Chernyakhov culture.

The house contained a Great Hall with a large central arch formed by two massive cruck beams, which were carved to imitate Gothic stonework.

As types of local martyrologies we may quote that of Rome, formed from the Depositio martyrum and the Depositio episcoporum of the chronograph of 354 ; the Gothic calendar of IJililas Bible, the calendar of Carthage published by Mabillon, the calendar of fasts and vigils of the Church of Tours, going back as far as Bishop Perpetuus ( d. 490 ), and preserved in the Historia Francorum ( xi.

The archaeological record shows that the population of the Gothic Wielbark culture ( Poland ) had indeed moved and settled in the Ukraine and mixed with the previous populations of the Zarubintsy culture, where they formed the Chernyakhov culture.

Only two architectural elements remain: the late Gothic portal which since 1920 has formed part of the entrance to the Convent of Santa Clara, and the small Mudéjar chapel.