In Hellenistic times, especially during the 3rd century BCE, as Apollo Helios he became identified among Greeks with Helios, Titan god of the sun, and his sister Artemis similarly equated with Selene, Titan goddess of the moon.

The Greeks further identified the Ancient Egyptian goddess Hathor with Aphrodite.

Herodotus ( Histories iv. 189 ) thought he had identified the source of the ægis in Libya, which was always a distant territory of ancient magic for the Greeks:

Though Etruscans preferred to show the goddess as a nurturer ( Kourotrophos ) rather than an abductor of young men, the late Archaic sculptural acroterion from Etruscan Cære, now in Berlin, showing the goddess in archaic running pose adapted from the Greeks, and bearing a boy in her arms, has commonly been identified as Eos and Cephalus.

Additionally, Hercules recalled the classical age of the Greeks and the Romans, a period which the revolutionaries identified with republican and democratic ideals.

Herodotus reported a temple to her in Egypt supposedly attached to a floating island called " Khemmis " in Buto, which also included a temple to an Egyptian god Greeks identified by interpretatio graeca as Apollo.

The Greeks who may have originally identified this constellation called it Oistos.

Babylonia or Chaldea in the Hellenistic world came to be so identified with astrology that " Chaldean wisdom " became among Greeks and Romans the synonym of divination through the planets and stars.

Although the Ancient Greeks had no separate word for logic as distinct from language and reason, Aristotle's newly coined word " syllogism " ( syllogismos ) identified logic clearly for the first time as a distinct field of study.

1 Samuel 13: 5 mentions chariots of the Philistines, who are sometimes identified with the Sea Peoples or early Greeks.

The Greeks subsequently pictured the bird more like a peacock or an eagle and identified it with their own word phoenix ( Φοίνιξ ), meaning the color purple-red or crimson ( cf.

He is generally identified by modern scholars either with the Northwest Semitic god El or with Dagon, and generally identified by the Greeks, by interpretatio Graeca with Greek Cronus and similarly by the Romans with Saturn.

In Greek this name was rendered Diospolis, " City of Zeus ", as Zeus was the god whom the Greeks identified with Amun, see interpretatio graeca.

Thoth's qualities also led to him being identified by the Greeks with their closest matching god Hermes, with whom Thoth was eventually combined, as Hermes Trismegistus, also leading to the Greeks naming Thoth's cult centre as Hermopolis, meaning city of Hermes.

Greeks who settled in Italy identified the Acherusian lake into which Acheron flowed with Lake Avernus.

Ancient Libya is identified as a possible source of the deity, Neith, who also was a creation deity in Ancient Egypt and, when the Greeks occupied Egypt, they said that Neith was called Athene in Greece.

Out of gratitude, his son Midas dedicated the ox-cart to the Phrygian god Sabazios ( whom the Greeks identified with Zeus ) and either tied it to a post or tied its shaft with an intricate knot of cornel ( Cornus mas ) bark.

The island was colonized at an early date by Phoenicians, attracted probably by its gold mines ; they founded a temple to the god Melqart, whom the Greeks identified as " Tyrian Heracles ", and whose cult was merged with Heracles in the course of the island's Hellenization.

Populations identified as " Pelasgian " spoke a language or languages that at the time Greeks identified as " barbaric ", even though some ancient writers described the Pelasgians as Greeks.

As the central deity of fertility and possibly orgiastic rites Min became identified by the Greeks with the god Pan.

Taurica, Tauric Chersonese, and Taurida were names by which the territory of Crimea was known to the Greeks and Romans.

The Greeks named the region after its inhabitants, the Tauri: Ταυρικὴ Χερσόνησος ( Taurikē Khersonesos ) or Χερσόνησος Ταυρική ( Khersonesos Taurikē ), " Tauric peninsula ".

The land of the Tauric Chersonese and its rumored custom of killing Greeks are described by Herodotus in his histories, Book IV, 99-100 and 103.

Each goddess demanded a slightly different cult but Greeks recognized in their overall similarities the one Aphrodite.

The Minoan goddess represented in seals and other remains, whom Greeks called Potnia Thēron ' Mistress of Animals ', many of whose attributes were later also absorbed by Artemis, seems to have been a mother goddess type, for in some representations she suckles the animals that she holds.

There, Herodotus was given to understand, the goddess whom Greeks recognised as Leto was worshipped in the form of Wadjet, the cobra-headed goddess of Lower Egypt.

Around 350 BC, Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it Nikaia, after Nike, the goddess of victory.

Nice ( Nicaea ) was probably founded around 350 BC by the Greeks of Massilia ( Marseille ), and was given the name of Νικαία (" Nikaia ") in honour of a victory over the neighbouring Ligurians ( Nike is the Greek goddess of victory ).

The oracles of the Ancient Greeks were said to have been the continuation of the tradition begun with the worship of the Egyptian cobra goddess, Wadjet.

The classical Greeks saw her as the mother of the Olympian gods and goddesses, but not as an Olympian goddess in her own right.

Sinon tells the Trojans that the Horse is an offering to the goddess Athena, meant to atone for the previous desecration of her temple at Troy by the Greeks, and ensure a safe journey home for the Greek fleet.

Among the ancient Greeks themselves two works of Phidias far outshone all others, the colossal chryselephantine figures of Zeus circa 432 BC on the site where it was erected in the temple of Zeus, at Olympia, Greece, and of Athena Parthenos ( literally, " Athena the Virgin ") a sculpture of the Greek virgin goddess Athena named after an epithet for the goddess herself, and was housed in the Parthenon in Athens.

This goddess of Dawn is honoured because of the qualities she has, especially in harvest time when the Greeks harvest during dawn ( Hesiod, Works and Days, ll.

The deus ex machina salvation in some versions of Iphigeneia ( who was about to be sacrificed by her father Agamemnon ) and her replacement with a deer by the goddess Artemis, may be a vestigial memory of the abandonment and discrediting of the practice of human sacrifice among the Greeks in favour of animal sacrifice.

This account however has been overwhelmingly rejected as involving a confusion of the ideas connected by the Greeks with the goddess Nemesis.

10, 3, 21 ) that in Lemnos, the mother ( there was no father ) of the Cabeiri was Kabeiro ( Greek: Καβειρώ ) herself, a daughter of Proteus ( one of the " old men of the sea ") and a goddess whom the Greeks might have called Rhea.

Karl Kerenyi points out ( The Heroes of the Greeks ) " It is not easy to differentiate between the divine beast, the heroine and the goddess ".

The goddess Tethys, who may have been a primordial deity of Archaic Greece, and in Classical myths was described as the mother who oversaw the chief rivers of the world known to the Greeks – mid-fourth-century mosaic – Shahba | Philipopolis ( Shahba, Syria ), Shahba Museum.

The Greeks did not recognize her as a goddess: the undisputed etymological connection with omphalos, the world-navel, has never been made clear.

The Greeks personified vengeful fate as a remorseless goddess: the goddess of revenge.

In one famous example, he counsels Alexander to be ' a leader to the Greeks and a despot to the barbarians, to look after the former as after friends and relatives, and to deal with the latter as with beasts or plants '.

Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo's name with the Greek verb ἀπόλλυμι ( apollymi ), " to destroy ".

Beginning with the Bronze Age Collapse at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, the west coast of Anatolia was settled by Ionian Greeks, usurping the related but earlier Mycenaean Greeks.

The ancient Greeks used baskets of stones, large sacks filled with sand, and wooden logs filled with lead, which, according to Apollonius Rhodius and Stephen of Byzantium, were formed of stone ; and Athenaeus states that they were sometimes made of wood.

It was in this reign that an important change in the government of the Danubian Principalities was introduced: previously, the Porte had appointed Hospodars, usually native Moldavian and Wallachian boyars, to administer those provinces ; after the Russian campaign of 1711, during which Peter the Great found an ally in Moldavia Prince Dimitrie Cantemir, the Porte began overtly deputizing Phanariote Greeks in that region, and extended the system to Wallachia after Prince Stefan Cantacuzino established links with Eugene of Savoy.

The second fight between Ajax and Hector occurs when the latter breaks into the Mycenaean camp, and fights with the Greeks among the ships.

Ajax argues that because of his strength and the fighting he has done for the Greeks, including saving the ships from Hector, and driving him off with a massive rock, he deserves the armor.

During the post-Phoenician era of the eighth century a palace was erected and a port was also constructed, which served the trade with the Greeks and the Levantines.

Among Classical Greeks, amazon was given a popular etymology as from a-mazos, " without breast ", connected with an etiological tradition that Amazons had their left breast cut off or burnt out, so they would be able to use a bow more freely and throw spears without the physical limitation and obstruction ; there is no indication of such a practice in works of art, in which the Amazons are always represented with both breasts, although the left is frequently covered ( see photos in article ).

He was said to have written a book comparing the laws of the Scythians with the laws of the Greeks, as well as work on the art of war.

Anacharsis to Croesus: O king of the Lydians, I am come to the country of the Greeks, in order to become acquainted with their customs and institutions ; but I have no need of gold, and shall be quite contented if I return to Scythia a better man than I left it.

William ( with a fleet of 200 ships ) landed in Epirus with a strong force ( 80, 000 men including 5, 000 knights ), and marched as far as Thessalonica, which he took and pillaged ruthlessly ( 7, 000 Greeks died ).

Eduard Meyer, disagreeing with Beloch, has instead put forth the suggestion that the real-life Achaeans were mainland pre-Dorian Greeks.

This ambivalence is expressed also in the god's association with the Thracians, who were regarded by the Greeks as a barbarous and warlike people.

: Athene's garments and ægis were borrowed by the Greeks from the Libyan women, who are dressed in exactly the same way, except that their leather garments are fringed with thongs, not serpents.

According to Eusebius, the Jerusalem church was scattered twice, in AD70 and AD135, with the difference that from 70-130 the bishops of Jerusalem have evidently Jewish names, whereas after 135 the bishops of Aelia Capitolina appear to be Greeks.

The area thrived during the Ottoman Empire, as the centre of opium production and Afyon became a wealthy city with the typical Ottoman urban mixture of Turks, Armenians and Greeks.