The history of the communist movement in Cambodia can be divided into six phases: the emergence of the Indochinese Communist Party ( ICP ), whose members were almost exclusively Vietnamese, before World War II ; the 10-year struggle for independence from the French, when a separate Cambodian communist party, the Kampuchean ( or Khmer ) People's Revolutionary Party ( KPRP ), was established under Vietnamese auspices ; the period following the Second Party Congress of the KPRP in 1960, when Saloth Sar ( Pol Pot after 1976 ) and other future Khmer Rouge leaders gained control of its apparatus ; the revolutionary struggle from the initiation of the Khmer Rouge insurgency in 1967 – 68 to the fall of the Lon Nol government in April 1975 ; the Democratic Kampuchea regime, from April 1975 to January 1979 ; and the period following the Third Party Congress of the KPRP in January 1979, when Hanoi effectively assumed control over Cambodia's government and communist party.

On 20 December 1960, under instructions from Hanoi, southern communists established the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF ) in order to overthrow the government of the south.

" Fonda said she had no regrets about the broadcasts she made on Radio Hanoi, something she asked the North Vietnamese to do: " Our government was lying to us and men were dying because of it, and I felt I had to do anything that I could to expose the lies and help end the war.

The relationship between the Viet Cong and the Hanoi government was highly controversial during the war.

On May 2, 2000, the Vietnamese Communist Party and the Vietnamese government announced that Pham Van Dong, former Politburo member, former prime minister, had died in Hanoi on April 29, 2000 after several months of serious illness at the age of 94.

The 1954 Geneva Conference left Vietnam a divided nation, with Hồ Chí Minh's communist government ruling the North from Hanoi and Ngô Đình Diệm's regime, supported by the United States, ruling the South from Saigon ( later Hồ Chí Minh City ).

The present government of Vietnam firmly holds to the view that the Hanoi Hilton was a prison for criminals, not POWs, and that those held in the Hanoi Hilton were " pirates " and " bandits " who had attacked Vietnam without authority.

The extent, however, to which this punishment was perpetrated may be impossible to gauge and while detailed accounts survive regarding how civilians were disemboweled by Viet Cong, the use of this torture appears to have been quite arbitrary and there is no record that such actions were sanctioned by the North Vietnamese government in Hanoi.

In response to President Ngo Dinh Diem's abrogation of the 1956 reunification election and suppression of communists during the late 1950s, Hanoi had begun sending arms and material to the guerrillas of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam ( NLF ), who were fighting an insurgency to topple the American-supported Saigon government.

No allegations have been made against soldiers of the North Vietnamese Army ( NVA ), nor is there any evidence that either the NVA or the government in Hanoi ever condoned its use.

A new administration of ex-Khmer Rouge fighters under the control of Hanoi was quickly established ( who are ruling till present ), and it set about competing, both domestically and internationally, with the Khmer Rouge as the legitimate government of Cambodia.

In the early-to-mid-1960s, this effort required a tilt toward Hanoi because the government in Saigon tottered on the brink of anarchy.

The history of the communist movement in Cambodia can be divided into six phases: the emergence of the Indochinese Communist Party ( ICP ), whose members were almost exclusively Vietnamese, before World War II ; the ten-year struggle for independence from the French, when a separate Cambodian communist party, the Kampuchean ( or Khmer ) People's Revolutionary Party ( KPRP ), was established under Vietnamese auspices ; the period following the Second Party Congress of the KPRP in 1960, when Saloth Sar ( Pol Pot after 1976 ) and other future Khmer Rouge leaders gained control of its apparatus ; the revolutionary struggle from the initiation of the Khmer Rouge insurgency in 1967-68 to the fall of the Lon Nol government in April 1975 ; the Democratic Kampuchea regime, from April 1975 to January 1979 ; and the period following the Third Party Congress of the KPRP in January 1979, when Hanoi effectively assumed control over Cambodia's government and communist party.

In June 1969, the NLF ( Viet Cong ) and its allied organizations formed the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam ( PRG ), recognized by Hanoi as the legal government of South Vietnam.

Hanoi no longer demanded that South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu be removed from office, the U. S. did not have to cease its aid to the southern government and both Washington and Hanoi could continue to resupply their allies or forces on a parity basis.

The Committee of the South, though dominated by members of the Indochinese Communist Party, purported to represent both the Viet Minh and the United National Front, and to be the southern arm of Ho Chi Minh's Hanoi government.

The government of Vietnam announced a state funeral on June 14 and 15 to be held in the Reunification Palace ( Ho Chi Minh City ), Hanoi, and his birth province Vĩnh Long.

The political instability in Saigon gave North Vietnamese leaders in Hanoi an impetus to step up their military campaign in the south, because they believed the South Vietnamese government were able to survive because they still had a strong military to combat the growing influence of the Viet Cong.

In a significant contrast to the political scene in South Vietnam, the North Vietnamese government in Hanoi were far more occupied with their military effort.

On December 16, 2006 he was transferred by the highly specialized, ICU equipped, Swiss Air Ambulance Bombardier Challenger Jet http :// www. rega. ch /, reportedly made possible and organized in a bold and daring action by the Swiss banker, Pascal Najadi, who was able to convince the REGA Flight Operations over the phone from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, ( perhaps because he was an active patron of the REGA Swiss Air Ambulance ) to swiftly approve the decision to fly without any payment guarantees and assemble at highest possible speed within 48 hours the necessary flight plan, specialized doctors, logistics and Vietnam airspace ( Northern Sector ) entry clearances for the Jet to take off from Zurich HQ, via Lahore to Hanoi, then to proceed with the critical patient in full ICU care of specialized Swiss Doctors and immediate family on board, via Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Edmonton to Boston, Massachusetts, where the plane was met by US Customs ( thanks to the help of Senator John Kerry ).

He publicly supported the massive US bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong in April 1972.

After the coastal attacks began, Hanoi lodged a complaint with the International Control Commission ( ICC ), which had been established in 1954 to oversee the terms of the Geneva Accords, but the US denied any involvement.

After Hanoi officially ended in 2009, Andy McCoy formed a band called " The Real McCoy Band ", but this band broke-up after just three shows, when guitarist Chris Shiflett returned to the US when his son got ill with swine flu.

The most lavish was / is the 5-star Hanoi Daewoo Hotel which cost US $ 163 million in 1996 and was decorated by Heeja with fine art, porcelain, sculptures, and marble.

* February 26 – A US businessman is diagnosed with the first known case of SARS in Hanoi, Vietnam, by WHO doctor Carlo Urbani.

The year 1983 was a good year for Hanoi Rocks: They had broken through in the UK, mostly due to their second manager Richard Bishop, their popularity in Japan was increasing, and they were close to a breakthrough in the US.

In October 1983, legendary producer Bob Ezrin flew from the US to see Hanoi Rocks live in London and in December he was confirmed as the producer for Hanoi Rocks ' next album.

Activists traveled to Hanoi in Vietnam and picketed the US embassy, and the CNVA advocated tax refusal as a method of resistance.

When a UFO was shot down over Hanoi by US Marines, the surviving extraterrestrial was brought to Deep Throat, who executed it.

Spiro Agnew called Giorno and Abbie Hoffman " would be Hanoi Hannahs " after their WPAX radio broadcasts made to the US troops in South Vietnam on Radio Hanoi.

Located in Tu Liem district, 10 kilometres north-west of central Hanoi, the 40, 000-seat stadium is the second biggest in the country and was built at a cost of US $ 53 million.

Trịnh Thị Ngọ ( born in 1931 ), also known as Hanoi Hannah, is a Vietnamese radio personality best known for her work during the Vietnam War, when she made English-language propaganda broadcasts for North Vietnam directed at US troops.

Typically, on the streets of Vietnam's capital of Hanoi a small bag containing enough tobacco for 5 to 8 " hits " retails at 2500 Vietnamese đồng, which is equivalent to about 15 US cents.

One side of the album featured recordings Baez made during a US bombing raid on Hanoi over Christmas 1972.

Half spoken word poem and half tape-recorded sounds, the song documented Baez's visit to Hanoi, North Vietnam, in December 1972, during which she and her traveling companions survived the 11-day long Christmas Bombings campaign over Hanoi and Haiphong.

Since 1997 Vietnam has been connected by two gateways: one in Hanoi which connects with Hong Kong and Australia, and the other in Ho Chi Minh City, which connects with the United States by Sprint.

Cyclic Hanoi is a variation of the Hanoi in which each disk must be moved in the same cyclic direction, in most cases, clockwise.

Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the colony of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina by a governor in Hanoi.

Johnson's speech repeated the theme that " dramatized Hanoi / Ho Chi Minh as the aggressor and which put the U. S. into a more acceptable defensive posture.

Bảo Đại was appointed " supreme advisor " to Hồ's Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi, which asserted its independence on 2 September 1945, but was ousted by the French in November 1946.

Near the war's end in December 1972, President Richard Nixon ordered Operation Linebacker II, a high-intensity Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps aerial bombing campaign, which included hundreds of B-52 bombers that struck previously untouched North Vietnamese strategic targets, including heavy populated areas in Hanoi and Haiphong.

According to the memoirs of Trần Văn Trà, the Viet Cong's top commander and PRG defense minister, he followed orders issued by the " Military Commission of the Party Central Committee " in Hanoi, which in turn implemented resolutions of the Politburo.

* The Hanoi Hilton ( film ) ( 1987 ), a Vietnam War film which focuses on the experiences of American prisoners of war who were held in the Hanoi Hilton

In the history of Vietnam, the designation is one of several given by the Chinese to the Tonkin, the core territory of modern-day Vietnam surrounding the city of Hanoi, which included land from the Gulf of Tonkin to the mountains which surround the plains of the Red River.

The credits mention a sequel, Buckaroo Banzai Against the World Crime League, which was never produced ; the film would have focused on the League and its leader, Hanoi Xan.

In March, General Văn Tiến Dũng launched " Campaign 275 ", the success of which prompted the general to push Hanoi for a final all-out offensive to take all of South Vietnam.

* Imagery from the hanging scene of Jane Fonda was used in spoofs advocating her execution for treason following her 1972 visit to Hanoi to support the communist Vietnamese in their war against the United States ( after which she has been dubbed " Hanoi Jane ").

In the " definitive metal family tree " of his documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey, anthropologist Sam Dunn differentiates pop metal, which includes bands like Def Leppard, Europe, and Whitesnake, from glam metal bands that include Mötley Crüe, Twisted Sister and Hanoi Rocks.

The PAVN Museum in Hanoi displays " Part of a torpedo boat ... which successfully chased away the USS Maddox August, 2nd 1964 ".

After Hanoi Rocks ' break-up in 1985, McCoy continued with his next project " The Cherry Bombz " which featured the last Hanoi line-up ( except Michael Monroe ), which consisted of Nasty Suicide, drummer Terry Chimes, bass player Timo Kaltio and vocalist Anita Chellemah of Toto Coelo fame ( previously scoring a hit with " I Eat Cannibals ").