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The Hephthalites from Herat and some unidentified Turks opposed the Arab forces in a battle of Qohestān in 651-52 AD, trying to block their advance on Nishāpur, but they were defeated
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Hephthalites and from
* Kavadh I returns from exile with support of 30, 000 troops from the Hephthalites ( White Huns ) and becomes again king of Persia.
* The western Huns ( Hephthalites ) from the Caucasus invade the Persian Empire.
Although he could not free himself from the yoke of the Hephthalites, he succeeded in restoring order in the interior and fought with success against the Romans.
Balash (), ( in the Greek authors, Balas ; the later form of the name Vologases ), the eighteenth Sassanid King of Persia in 484 – 488, was the brother and successor of Peroz I of Persia ( 457 – 484 ), who had died in a battle against the Hephthalites ( White Huns ) who invaded Persia from the east.
He defeated the Pushyamitra threat, but then was faced with invading Hephthalites or " White Huns ", known in India as the Sweta Huna, from the northwest.
Newly-discovered ancient writings found in Afghanistan reveal that the Middle Iranian Bactrian language written in Greek script was not brought there by the Hephthalites, but was already present from Kushan times as the traditional language of administration in this region.
The Hephthalites had their capital at Badian, modern Kunduz, but the emperor lived in the capital city for just three winter months, and for the rest of the year, the government seat would move from one locality to another like a camp.
* The Hephthalites Article archived from the University of Washington's Silk Road exhibition-has a slightly adapted form of the Richard Heli timeline.
According to the Chinese classic Liang chih-kung-t ' u the name Huá was an endonym used by the Hephthalites themselves while 嚈噠 was an exonym derived from their ruling dynasty and applied to them by outsiders.
Their places of origin are, from right to left: Uar ( Hephthalites ); Persia ; Baekje ; Qiuci ; Wo ( Japan ); Langkasuka ; Dengzhi ( 邓至 ) of Qiang ethnic from Ngawa ; Zhouguke ( 周古柯 ), Hebatan ( 呵跋檀 ), Humidan ( 胡密丹 ), Baiti ( 白題, of similar Hephthalite stocks ), whom dwell close to Hephthalite ; Mo ( Qiemo ).
Thus (), the State of Huá ( 滑 ), can refer to the name of the Hephthalites ' country or tribes mentioned in what is now north Afghanistan from the Book of Liang and Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang.
As thinks Mehmed Tezcan :"... According to a Chinese record, the Hephthalites descended from a Ruan Ruan tribe called Hua in the Qeshi region ( Turfan area ).
One theory espouses that with the collapse of the Gupta empire from the late 6th century, the invading Hephthalites ( White Huns ) were probably integrated within the Indian society.
Fear from among the nobility and Zoroastrian clergy grew so strong that King Kavadh was overthrown in 496, but he managed to get the throne back three years later with the help of the Hephthalites.
from: 400 till: 632 shift :( 0 ,- 7 ) text: Hephthalites
He acted as diplomatic negotiator between the Central Asian Pseudo-Avar refugees led by Kandik and Justinian I in 557 and then again between Justin II and the Turks in 569 from whom we learn the Avars who Sarosios helped in 557 were in fact renegades from the Hephthalites ( who surrendered to the Göktürks & Persia in 567 ) and apparently had no right to use the title Avar Khagan.
Simocatta, Menander, and Priscus provide evidence that the Xionites were different from the Hephthalites although, Frye suggested that the Hepthalites may have been a prominent tribe or clan of the Xionites.
They may have risen to power during the 420s in Northern Afghanistan before conquering Peshawar and part of northwest India, then turning north to conquer Sogdiana in the 440s, before being cut from their Bactrian nomadic roots by the rise of the Hephthalites in the 450s.
The Sassanid army protected Eranshahr (" the realm of Iran ") from the East against the incursions of central Asiatic nomads like the Hephthalites, Turks, while in the west it was engaged in a recurrent struggle against the Roman Empire.
Another important role that music played was in the reception of foreign diplomats and kings from neighbouring countries, such as Byzantine or Hephthalites.
Hephthalites and Herat
At the time of the Arab invasion in the middle of the 7th century, the Sasanian central power seemed already largely nominal in the province in contrast with the role of the Hephthalites tribal lords, who were settled in the Herat region and in the neighboring districts, mainly in pastoral Bādghis and in Qohestān.
The date of his birth is unclear ; John Malalas claims that at his death he was 82 years old, hence born in 449, but Procopius mentions that he had barely entered puberty when his father Peroz was killed with his entire army during a campaign against the Hephthalites in 484 at the Battle of Herat.
Hephthalites and some
For many years, scholars suggested that they were of Turkic stock, and it seems likely that at least some groups amongst the Hephthalites were Turkic-speakers.
Khorasan in the east saw some conflict with the Hephthalites who became the new rulers in the area but the borders remained stable.
Hephthalites and Turks
* Istemi of the Western Turks, in alliance with Sassanid Persia, defeats the Hephthalites.
Since the 2nd millennium BC, the region now inhabited by the native Pashtun people have been influenced by Ancient Iranian peoples, the Medes, Achaemenids, Greeks, Mauryas, Kushans, Hephthalites, Sassanids, Arab Muslims, Turks, and others.
Hephthalites and forces
The Hephthalites were subjugated in 565 AD by a combination of Sassanid and Kök-Turk forces.
Hephthalites and AD
In 420 AD the Indo-Sassanids were driven out of Afghanistan by the Xionite tribe known as the Kidarites, who were then replaced in the 460s by the Hephthalites.
The Hephthalites ( also spelled Ephthalites ) were a Central Asian nomadic confederation of the AD 5th – 6th centuries.
Scholars believe that the Hephthalites constituted a second " Hunnish " wave who entered Bactria early in the fifth century AD, and who seem to have driven the Kidarites into Gandhara.
According to Simokattes, they were Chionites who united under the Hephthalites as the "( Wusun ) vultures descended on the people " around AD 460.
According to Song Yun, the Chinese Buddhist monk who visited the Hephthalite territory in 540 AD and " provides accurate accounts of the people, their clothing, the empresses and court procedures and traditions of the people and he states the Hephthalites did not recognize the Buddhist religion and they preached pseudo gods, and killed animals for their meat.
Hephthalites and their
The Persians and the Turkic tribes made an alliance and launched a two pronged attack on the Hephthalites, taking advantage of their disorganization and disunity.
This was perhaps in response to the harassing, nomadic combat style used by the Sassanids ' northern neighbours who frequently raided their borders, such as the Huns, Hephthalites, Xiongnu, Scythians and Kushans, all of which favoured hit and run tactics and relied almost solely upon horse archers for combat.
The Hephthalites repeatedly defeated Sasanian Persia, the most powerful empire of the period to their southwest.
By the end of the 5th century, the Hephthalites overthrew the Indian Gupta Empire to their southeast and conquered a large part of their area.
According to the Encyclopaedia Iranica and Encyclopaedia of Islam, the Hephthalites possibly originated in what was in their time northeastern Iran and northwestern India.
The Rouran and the Hephthalites had a falling out and problems within their confederation were encouraged by Chinese agents.
Many small Kidarite kingdoms seems to have survived in northwest India up to the conquest by the Hephthalites during the last quarter of the 5th century are known through their coinage.
Hephthalites and on
* Among the Hephthalites, " the practice of several husbands to one wife, or polyandry, was always the rule, which is agreed on by all commentators.
With a stable peace agreement with the Byzantines in the west, Khosrau was now able to focus his attention on the eastern Hephthalites.
The Hephthalites were a strong military power but they lacked the organization to fight on multiple fronts.
Richard Frye makes the argument that Khosrau's rationale behind his numerous wars with the Byzantine empire as well as the eastern Hephthalites was to establish the Sassanian dominance on this trade route.
The Hephthalites continued the pressure on ancient India's northwest frontier and broke east by the end of the fifth century, hastening the disintegration of the Gupta Empire.
According to the Chinese classic Liang chih-kung-t ' u, 滑 ( pinyin: hua ), was the name the Hephthalites used of themselves, and that is probably Chinese transfer of a similar word on sounding ,-War / Uar.
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